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1、Section Grammar&Writing,语法专题突破,Section,写作专题突破,语法专题突破,品味语法1That_he_will_come_to_the_conference has excited every one of us.2This is what_I_am_interested_in.3I wonder if_you_would_mind_making_less_noise.4Can you tell me where_the_library_is?5The news that_we_won_the_game is exciting.,自我探究句1中划线部分在句子中作主
2、语，是主语从句；句2中划线部分在句子中作表语，是表语从句；句3中划线部分在句子中作宾语，是宾语从句；句4中划线部分在句子中作宾语，是宾语从句；句5中划线部分在句子中作the news的同位语，是同位语从句。,名词性从句名词性从句是指在句子中起的作用相当于名词的从句，主要包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。,一、主语从句1作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由连接词that，whether，if和关系代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及关系副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；关系代词和关系副词在句中
3、既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。Where the English evening party will be held has not yet been announced.还没有宣布英语晚会将在哪里举行。,2主语从句可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：(1)It be形容词(true，obvious，natural，good，funny，likely，possible，certain.)that从句。It is certain that she will do w
4、ell in her exam.她将会在考试中取得好成绩是毋庸置疑的。,(2)It be名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a good thing，a pity，no surprise.)that从句。It is a pity that he wont come to our party.他不能来我们的晚会是一个遗憾。(3)It be过去分词(said，reported，thought，decided，arranged announced.)that从句。It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到达北京了。
5、,二、宾语从句1宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。We can learn what we do not know.不知道的我们就学。He will talk to us about what he saw in the US.他会告诉我们他在美国所见到的一切。,2如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make，find，see，hear等，则可把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，用it作形式宾语。We find it necessary that we practice spoken English every day.我们觉得有必要每天练英语口语。3某些作表语的形容词，如sure，happy，glad
6、，certain等之后也可带宾语从句。I am sure that he will succeed.我相信他会成功的。,4关联词只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情况如下：(1)在表语从句和同位语从句中。The question is whether the film is worth seeing.问题是该电影是否值得看。The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.还不知道我们队是否赢得了比赛。Answer my question whether you are coming.告诉我你是否会来。,(2)在主语从句中，
7、只有用it作形式主语时，whether和if才都能引导主语从句，否则只能用whether。Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.还没有定下来我们是否参加会议。It hasnt been decided whether(if)we shall attend the meeting.还没有定下来我们是否参加会议。,(3)在介词之后(介词往往可以省略)。It all depends(on)whether they will support us.这就要看他们是否支持我们了。(4)后面直接跟动词不定式时。He doesnt
8、 know whether to stay or not.他不知道是否还待下去。(5)后面紧接or not时。We didnt know whether or not she was ready.我们不知道她是否准备好了。,(6)引导让步状语从句，只能用whether。Whether you like it or not，you must do it well.不管你喜欢与否，你都必须做好。(7)用if会引起歧义时。Please let me know if you like it.该句有两个意思：“请告诉我你是否喜欢。”或“如果你喜欢，请告诉我。”用了whether就可以避免。,5关联词if
9、，whether均可使用的情况如下：(1)引导宾语从句。I wonder if(whether)the news is true.我不知道消息真实与否。(2)在be形容词之后。He was not sure whether(if)it is right or wrong.他不敢肯定这是对还是错。,6关联词只能用whether或if，不能用that的情况如下：若doubt一词作“怀疑”讲接宾语从句时，主句为肯定句时用whether或if，主句为否定句或疑问句时用that。I doubt whether he will come soon.我怀疑他是否会很快来。I do not doubt tha
10、t he will come soon.我确信他会很快来。,三、表语从句表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。引导表语从句的连接词有wh疑问词，whether(if不能引导表语从句)，that(间或可以省略)，because，as，as if，as though等。The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。,Thats just what I want.那正是我想要的。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。Its just because he doesnt know he
11、r.这仅仅是因为他不认识她。注意：当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不能用because引导。The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.他迟到的原因是他今天早晨差一分钟而没有赶上那列火车。,四、同位语从句同位语从句一般跟在某些表抽象概念的名词后面，用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。引导同位语从句的有：that，what，who，when，where，how等。可跟同位语从句的名词通常有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，inf
12、ormation，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word(消息)等。,The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回家。但是当作主语的名词后跟同位语从句，且谓语较短时，为了保持句式平衡，常将同位语从句置于谓语之后。The thought came to him that Mary had probably
13、 fallen ill.他想到玛丽可能生病了。,注意：同位语从句和定语从句的区别：(1)定语从句是先行词的修饰语，对先行词进行修饰或限定，但它不涉及先行词的具体内容。that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，并在从句中充当句子成分(主语或宾语)，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；,(2)同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体的实际内容。that引导同位语从句时，只起连接作用，没有具体词义，在从句中不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句：I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句，不能省略)我不知道你在这里。Have you
14、 got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略)你了解这本书中所给出的古希腊生活吗？,五、whatever，whoever引导名词性从句的用法 whatever，whoever可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语和表语等。在此用法中，whatever，whoever在从句中通常不含疑问意义。whateveranything that，whoeveranyone who。I will just say whatever comes into my mi
15、nd.我想到什么就说什么。Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。,.用适当的连接词填空1The news worried her a bit _her hair was turning gray.2I have no idea _we can do with these waste materials.3This is the doctors real doubt _my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.,that,what,whether,4Every
16、 one should have the belief _nature should never be destroyed.5She has made a promise _she will give a talk in English tomorrow.,that,that,.汉译英1事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。_2我相信他不会这样做。_3一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。_,The fact is that we have lost the game.,I dont believe he will do it like this.,Everything depends on whether we
17、 have enough money.,4我想知道他来还是不来。_5月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。_,I wonder whether he will come or not.,Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.,.完成句子1(2010年高考大纲全国卷)Have you finished the book?No，Ive read up to _(地方)the children discover the secret cave.,where,2(2010年高考浙江卷)尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物，但是
18、，它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.,what,3We havent discussed yet _(地方)we are going to place our new furniture.4(2010年高考山东卷)Before the sales start，I make a list of _(东西)my kids will need for the coming seaso
19、n.,where,what,5(2010年高考北京卷)I want to be liked and loved for _(我内在的东西)6(2011年高考江苏卷)那个人为什么没尽快地报道那场意外事故还没弄清楚。It was never clear _the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.,what I am inside,why,7(2011年高考天津卷)现代科学对于吸烟能导致多种疾病已经给出了明确的证据。Modern science has given clear evidence _smoking can lead to many dise
20、ases.,that,8(2011年高考重庆卷)老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论中。It is still under discussion _the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.,whether,9(2011年高考山东卷)我们给她提供了那份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。Weve offered her the job，but I dont know _shell accept it.,whether,10(2011年高考陕西卷)我想创办我自己的公司如果我有钱，那是我想做的事情。Id
21、 like to start my own businessthats _Id do if I had the money.,what,写作专题突破,【写作内容】2008年9月25日，中国成功地将三人小组送入太空，其中航天员翟志刚进行了首次太空行走，这是我国自2003年以来最具有挑战性的太空任务。请写篇新闻报道，简单介绍“神舟七号”的有关情况。内容包括：,1这是一次具有历史使命的飞行，而且技术上的成果基本都是我国自主研发的。2这次的任务主要是太空行走，它将有助于中国在未来几年内建立中国的第一个空间站。3三天后成功返回地球。这次任务的圆满完成标志着中国在载人航天方面取得了历史性的突破。参考词汇：
22、载人飞船manned spaceship/spacecraft神舟七号Shenzhou,出舱活动an extravehicular activity/EVA太空行走spacewalk空间站space station太空舱capsule任务mission,【写作要求】1只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。2句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章连贯。【要点词汇】1成功做成_in doing sth.；_to do sth.2送入太空_up into space3进行太空行走_ the spacewalk4首次_5具有挑战性的_,succeed,manage,send,carry out,the first,
23、challenging,6历史性的_7自主研发的技术homegrown_8依靠，依赖_9有助于contribute _10为做准备_for11返回地球_to Earth12建立一个空间站_a space station,historic,technology,depend on,to,prepare,return,create,【句式结构】1主要任务是太空行走。The main mission is _.2人们期待着这次行走能有助于中国掌握更先进的技术。_help China master more advanced technology.,to carry out the spacewalk
24、,People expect the spacewalk to,3更重要的是，技术成果都是国内自主研发的。Most _，China has relied heavily on homegrown technology.,importantly,【连句成篇】_,【佳作欣赏】Shenzhou，which was sent up into space on September 25，returned to Earth three days later，having completed its historic mission marking a historic breakthrough in Ch
25、inas manned space programme.,It is the countrys most challenging space mission ever since the year 2003.The main mission is to carry out the spacewalk，known as an extravehicular activity，or EVA，which is expected to help China master more advanced technology to create its first space station in the n
26、ext few years.During the traveling，Zhai Zhigang，one of the three astronauts on board Shenzhou，stepped out of the capsule and conducted the historic spacewalk.Most importantly，all along China has relied heavily on homegrown technology.,【类文点津】1本文为新闻报道。文章的安排应该开门见山，在第一段介绍报道的主要内容。一般来说第一段的句式要稍微复杂一些，为复合句或并列句。2在第二段，根据题目的要求，详细写出有关信息。要注意叙述的逻辑性。3要注意句式的变化，简单句、并列句和复合句有机结合。4要点要齐全。5在写作时，要注意练习使用课文中的词汇和句型等。,
