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1、大学四级写作笔记,By祁胜初整理:薇薇,我就是不明白为什么越来越多的大学生找不到工作。I dont know why more and more students cant find jobs.替换短语:I have no idea.confused I have been wildered puzzled,a growing number of+n an increasing number of+n 越来越多 a rising number of+n an ascending number of+n好句子:why an increasing number of college student
2、s fail to get employs is quite beyond me.没有 fail to do sthIts quite beyond me why,尽管这项工程很艰难,但是我们仍然应该竭尽全力处理它。Although this project is too difficult,we still should try our best to deal with it.Although-倒装-difficult as the project is,we should try our best to deal with it.,表原因,Due to the publics lack
3、of awareness/consciousness of As the result of the poor administration and supervision of the Because of the lack of independence,Due to the anquality of the education resources people enjoy.,大家都明白这一事故的根本原因是由于司机缺乏安全意识。As we all know the main reason of this accident is because the driver lack the awa
4、reness of safety.Its widely known that the main cause of the accident is due to the driver lack of the awareness of safety.,技巧一:论据的专业化使用,前提:社会现象型议论文要素:产生原因 解决方法 产生后果 社会 现象的优势和劣势原因:民众意识太差 国家监管不利 个体或组织的独立性缺乏 民众缺乏强大的教育影响 解决问题:the awareness of ought to be strengthened.the supervision and administration
5、are supposed to be enhanced.the sense of independence about ought to be enpowered.pour the sufficient education to students.,产生后果,丧失独立性Lose the sense of independence责任感的缺失Lose the cultivation of sense with responsibility 影响学习 Affect our studies 可能会对社会的和谐和稳定造成某种程度上的影响Exert,to some extent a bad influe
6、nce on the social harmony and stability.,优势,扩大交际圈Expand our friends curcle.积累相关经验Accumulate the relative experience 培养自信心Cultivate our sense of confidence增强责任感Strengthen our sense of responsibility培养独立意识Develop the sense of independence形成科学的判断力和正确的价值观Form the reasonable judgement and right sense of
7、value.增强团队意识Enhance the sense of the cooperation 对社会的和谐和稳定做出贡献Make contributions to the social stability and harmony.,劣势,大家都相信过分从事非学术活动会对我们正确价值观产生非常不良的影响。Its widely believed that the excessive participation of after-class activities will exert a bad influence on the formation of right sense of value
8、.Impact 影响 Unaccadamic 非学术Exert 玩命用,备注,写作注意事项,上述结构的使用必须根据具体文章的具体文段要求进行写作他们之间通常采用递进关系进行连接必须学会将上述结构进行主动与被动的划分和转换所有事项的选择必须合乎文章的核心主旨,四级写作中必写的十大结构,定语从句倒装主语从句原因状语从句让步状语从句强调句,定语从句,要素:两个结构中必有一个公因式 定语从句必须有关系词,且关系词在从句中必作成分,我们应该竭尽全力创建一个绿色校园。绿色校园是所有学生和老师的共同理想。We should try our best to build the green campus,whi
9、ch is our common dreams.We ought/supposed to take great pains/spare no effort/do our utmost to build the green campus,which serves as our common dreams.学会替换让文章更出彩,例句1,例句2,春节联欢晚会不应该被取消,春节联欢晚代表着中国传统文化。The spring festival gala which stands for the Chinese traditional culture ought not to be cancelled.,
10、定语从句标准结构,主语,定语从句,谓语动词,宾语结构主语,谓语动词,宾语结构,定语从句上述两个结构中,第一个结构为四级作文中必写结构,且本结构的主语即为文章的主题和核心词。,例句3,博物馆可以增强人们对于文化的理解,应该向民众开放,但是民众保护文物的意识必须尽快加强。Museum,which can strengthen our understandings about cultures ought to be open free to the public.the publics awareness of protecting the culture relics,however,is su
11、pposed to be enhanced as quickly as possible.However 插入语,写作中最虚伪的结构之一,定于从句写作注意事项,所有定语从句的使用均为非限制性定语从句的使用。(即为拿逗号隔开)关系代词必须使用which 和 who,其他的不可使用。which 和 who 在定于从句中必做成分。不做主语,就做宾语。定语从句必须和主句构成正确的逻辑关系句。关系词后面如果跟有be动词时可以同时省略关系词和be动词。定语从句只是原句的补充成分,请务必确认主句的完整性。,原因状语从句,三大结构写作中不要用的结构(阅读中常出现),Since,for+句子(完整)In tha
12、t,Due toAs a result of+名词或短语Because of,Ps.,for 或 in that 不可以在句首表原因,而since可以,举例,我们必须要自我培养独立性,而不能在父母的帮助下,因为它对我们的未来发展极为重要。学生在校自主选择老师应该被提倡,因为这样可以培养学生的独立自主意识。,We ought to learn to cultivate our sense of independence with the help from our parents,for it is essential for our future.,The electives of profe
13、ssors are worth advocating,for it can cultivate our sense of independence.,主语从句,三大结构,What+句子Whether+句子It is+P.P that,举例,我们应该给他们提供什么,取决于他们给我们的贡献。为了解决这一问题,我们应该做的事情如下:春节联欢晚会是否应该取消,取决于他们的节目品质。,What we ought to offer to them,depends on their contributions.,In order to solve this problem,what we should do
14、 is as follows:,Whether the spring festival gala ought to be cancelled or not,depends on the quality of the programs.,举例,父母是否应该为孩子操办一切,取决于社会的潮流。总结 根据上述四句话,可以得出结论:,Whether the parents arrange everything for the kids,rests on the social trend.,What 引导句子作主语,句子结构不完整,通常缺少宾语,而whether 后为完整结构。由what、whether
15、引导句子做主语从句,全句谓语动词应该采用第三人称单数。,由于大学生不注重拼写这一问题,我们应该采取的措施如下。为了培养学生的独立自主能力,我们应该做的事情必须和孩子的需求紧密相连。,Due to the students lacking of awareness,what measures we should take is as follows.,In order to cultivate the independence of children,what we will do must be closely associated with what the children desire.
16、,What we will do must be associated with what the children desire,in order that the independence of children can be cultivated.,学生是否可以自由选择学校的老师是和整个学校的教学秩序和教学体系有关。,Whether the students are able to elect their teachers freely has something to do with the schedules and teaching systems.,注意:由 what 和whet
17、her 引导句子做主语从句时,如下值得关注。,上述两个结构通常放在文章的中间段,以表升华文章主题或表示过度含义。Whether 通常用于表示对立观点行的结构。What 通常用于问题解决行文章的段首,以作为过渡句。,It is+P.P+that+句子,It is believed/known that It is accepted/explained that It has never been explained why,举例,根据我们全面的研究和仔细的调查,大家都广泛认为这一事故的主要原因是司机缺乏安全意识。Through our all-round research and profoun
18、d investigation,it is widely believed that the main cause of the tragic accident is due to the drivers lack of safety awareness.,It is.引导主语从句通常在四级文章中表示有可能成为大家普遍共识的时候再用。其程度修饰词包括:widely、generally、universally、commonly,少为 barely、rarely、hardly、remote、seldom。(几乎不被认同),让步状语从句,No matter,how+adj.+主语+beWhat+n.
19、+主语+谓语动词,举例,无论这一问题多么严重,我们必须采取更为有效积极的措施来解决。No matter how serious the problem is,we are bound to take more effective and positive measures to tackle it.总结:如果用how 后面一定用be。be bound to 表达责任和义务范畴内必须做的事情。Tackle=solve 解决问题。,举例,无论我们做什么样的牺牲,都无法弥补在这一次悲惨事故中造成的牺牲。No matter what sacrifice we will make,it can not
20、compensate for the losses,which were caused by the tragic accident.Lead to,give rise to,bring about,result in,举例,无论我们未来所面临的困难多么严峻,我们必须始终牢记:苦尽甘来。No matter how tough and arduous the difficulties and hardship which we will be faced with are,we still should keep it in mind that adversity leads to prospe
21、rity.,注意事项,让步状语从句通常放在文章结尾,来表示特殊感情色彩让步状语从句又是放在文章前端,作为解决问题型的过渡句。Eg.无论怎样,家长都应该帮助孩子解决,解决方式如下:本结构通常用于非对立观点型的文章,而在社会现象议论文中经常使用在表达对文章主题的升华。,No matter how+adj.+主+be,无论博物馆的免费开放给社会带来的优势有多么明显,我们也不能忽视其背后会产生的问题。No matter how obvious the advantages which brought by the free access to museums are,we can not ignore
22、/neglect/disregard the negative sides.,强调句,标准结构:it is+强调部分+that,强调句使用注意事项,强调句式可以强调原句除谓语动词之外的任何一个成分。强调句通常强调的是原句的主语和状语结构。当我们判断强调句时,通常去掉it、is和 that,原句所剩下的单词不再添加、改变的情况下进行排列组合,让然是一个完整的句子。,举例,就是一次性塑料袋的使用,污染了环境It is the excessive use of the disposable plastic bags that has polluted the environment.就是当父母帮孩子操办了一切,孩子们逐渐丧失了独立性。It is when the parents have arranged everything for their kids,that children are gradually losing their dependence.,强调句在四级写作中使用的注意事项,强调句通常只放在文章结尾,以升华主题。强调句通常会和only 引导的倒装句混淆,在升华文章主题部分时,only 的效果更胜一筹。,倒装句,