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1、听力中的语法难点,比较结构,原级比较一般结构 as as;not as as;the same as;The work is not as difficult as you think.Last year,land values in most parts of the pinelands rose almost as fast as those outside the pinelands.,3.This is the same carthat I rode on yesterday.这就是就是我昨天坐过的那辆车。4.This is the same caras I rode on yeste
2、rday.这辆车像我昨天坐过的那辆一样。5.This book is as thick as that one.,特殊结构:A is to B what/as X is Y;A+倍数或几分之几 as+adj./adv.+as+B.,1.Air is to us what/as water is to fish.我们与空气的关系就像鱼和水的关系。2.The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16（即比氧原子约轻15/16）。,3.Americans eat vegetables p
3、er person today more than twice as many as they did in 1990.美国人现在吃的蔬菜是1990年时的两倍以上。,比较级常用结构 A 比较级 than+B African elephants are larger，fiercer，and more difficult to tame than Asian elephants.This question is less difficult than that question.(比较对象为彼此独立的人或事物),3.Iron is more useful than any other metal.
4、(比较对象具有所属关系，含有最高级含义)特殊结构：the more the more(越越)；more and more(越来越)1.The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.,2.The more he thought of that,the more worried he felt about his mother.3.A survey indicated that more and more local talents in China flowed to multinationals since multinat
5、ionals are mostly engaged in cutting-edge hi-tech researches and offer high salaries.,以拉丁文-ior结尾的含有比较意义的形容词后接to 而不是than.inferior,superior,senior,junior,prior(在之前)He is three years senior/junior to me.This type of computer is superior to that type.Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to wine from F
6、rance.It happened prior to my arrival.,几组由“more than；more than”和“no/not 比较级”等构成的惯用句式及其含义。more than 其含义为:“不仅是，非常，十分”等，用法和意义较多。more than 其含义可以是:“与其说不如说，不是而是”,1.What we are doing today is more than donating some money.今天我们所做的不只是捐一些钱。2.Their action was more than justified.他们的行动是完全有理由的。,3.He is more brav
7、e than wise.他有勇无谋。4.The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar.这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书，不如说是一本词典。,no more than not more than 1.He has no more than five dollars on him.他身上仅有5美元。(强调少)2.He has not more than five dollars on him.他身上带的钱不超过仅有5美元。(强调数额少于5美元),no more than not more than1.He is no more dilig
8、ent than you.他不勤奋，你也不勤奋。(两人都不勤奋)(含有消极否定的意思)2.He is not more diligent than you.他没有像你那样勤奋。(两人都勤奋，但你更勤奋)(含有积极、肯定的意思，表示程度上的差异）,no less than=as much as 意为：“竟有之多，多达”强调多not less than 意为“不少于，至少”，可观地描述,肯定与否定,肯定,1.Do you think she will come?-Beyond a reasonable doubt.2.I forgot to bring my computer.-No sweat.
9、You can borrow my notebook.3.The classes today were so boring.-Ill say,I had one eye on the clock the whole time.4.Now they have sound-proofed this room.Its sure a lot easier to work in here.-You said it.5.The water looks great today.-I cant wait to jump on my surfboard.,6.Doesnt this sweet song mak
10、e you feel at ease?-You bet!7.Would you mind giving me a hand?-By all means.8.Cooking for yourself turns out much better than eating at KFC.-You can say that again!9.Do the fees include room and board?-They dont exclude room and board.10.Does everyone know why the financial crisis occurred?-There is
11、 no one who doesnt know how it happened.,11.What do you think of yesterday evenings concert?-It wasnt at all tedious.12.Would you help me with my calligraphy?-Well,whats the problem?13.Could I leave earlier today?-Go ahead.14.Excuse me,can you show me the way?-Well,where are you trying to get to?15.
12、May I use your mobile phone for the time being?-No problem.,16.Shall we go and see Tom this morning?Hes ill.-Thats just what I was thinking.17.What do you think of going to the park today?-I cant agree more./I cant agree with you more.,1.He was a heavy smoker five years ago.-But he rarely smokes now
13、.2.Do you think Doris will get there in time?-No way!3.Can you lend me your car?-Its out of the question.4.Try not to make any noise while watching the movie.-Well,easier said than done.5.Would you like me to write the essay again?-Its all right,really.6.Have some chocolate candies please?-Im on a d
14、iet.,7.Would you lend me your car?-It has run out of gasoline.8.Did Alice cheat at the physics exam?-Shed be the last person to do such a thing.9.Did Aristotle attend the conference?-He failed to come.10.Would you fix the clock for me?-Im sorry,but it is beyond my repair.11.Whats the main idea of he
15、r speech?-Its beyond my understanding.12.Id like to go to the meeting.-Under no circumstances(决不)should you attend the meeting tonight.,13.Is my son allowed to play the video game?-Well,he is too young to play it.14.Could you tell me where Pro.Johnson lives?-I have no idea where he lives.15.What doe
16、s Elizabeth like to do in her spare time?-She likes nothing better than to sleep late.16.How are you getting on with Home Economics?-There is no harder course than Home Economics.17.How do you feel about your food?-Dont ask.18.Can you express yourself in Chinese?-Its impossible for me to speak Chine
17、se well now.,Negative or positive?,一、cannot wait 后跟不定式，意为“急于做”，表示强调的肯定,例1 I couldnt wait to see her.我渴望见到她。例2 I cannot wait to read the book.我非常渴望读到这本书。,二、cannot/couldnttoo意为“越越，非常，无论怎样也不过分”在此结构中，cannot 也可改用can hardly，scarcely，never，impossible；too也可改用over，enough等。,例3 You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好
18、。例4 We can hardly praise him too much.对他我们无论怎么赞扬也不过分。例5 A man can never have too many friends.朋友越多越好。例6 He cannot see you quickly enough.他想很快见到你。,三、not until/till 意为“直到的时候才”,例7 People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it.人们失去时间后才知道时间的价值。例8 We never know the worth of water till the
19、 well is dry.直到井干了我们才知道水的重要。例9 It was not until the next day that I that truth.直到第二天我才知道真相。例10 He did not go to bed until his mother came back.直到他母亲回来他才睡觉。,四、否定词but,1.nobut 意为“都,没有不”。,例11 There is no man but has his faults.人皆有过。例12 No one believes but she will succeed.人们相信他会成功。例13 There is no one bu
20、t knows him.人人都认识他。,2.never(not)but(that)意为“每当,总是,没有哪次不是”。,例14 I never see you but I think of my mother.每当看见你时,我总是想起我的母亲。例15 It never rains but it pours.每次下雨都是倾盆大雨。例16 He will not be angry but that he is offended.人们惹了他他才会生气。,3.nothing but/none but 意为“仅仅,只,只有才”。,例17 We can see nothing but water.我们只能看
21、见水。例18 The boys want to do nothing but play football.男孩们只想踢足球。例19 None but me knew what happened.只有我知道发生了什么事情。例20 He chose none but the best.他只选最好的。,五、否定词without 意为“每必”例23 I never see her without thinking of my younger sister.每次见到她，我就想起我的妹妹。例24 What appeared to me wonderful was that none of the ants
22、 came home without bringing something.使我感到惊奇的是每只蚂蚁回来都带回一些东西。例25 There is no smoke without fire.有烟必有火。,六、too+形容词/副词+not 不定式“非常必定能，太不会不”,1.本句型是对too to 的否定，表示肯定意思。例29 His speech was too good not to stir the audience.他的演讲太好了，不会不使观众轰动。例30 He is too wise not to solve this problem.他那么聪明，一定会解决问题。例31 He is t
23、oo foolish not to say it.他那么傻，不会不把这事说出来。,2.never too to(永不/决不)。例34 It is never too late to give up prejudices.放弃偏见永远不晚。,七、more often than not意为“常常,往往”例35 John is a good swimmer.He wins more often not.约翰是个游泳健将,他常常在比赛中获奖。例36 During bad weather the trains are late more often than not.在天气不好时,火车常常晚点。例37
24、The street is crowded more often than not.这条大街常常很拥挤。,八、否定词比较级(相当于最高级)例38 I couldnt agree more.我非常同意。例39 Nothing is more valuable than health.健康是最宝贵的。例40 Never is more beautiful flower than this!这是我见过的最美丽的花！,九、not a little意为“很,很多”例41 He is not a little tired.他非常累。例42 He has not a little experience.他有
25、着丰富的经验。,十、某些不用回答和表达说话人感情的疑问句1.否定修辞性疑问句表示非常强烈的肯定。例43 Who does not know?(=Everybody knows.)谁不知道?(意思是“人人知道”)例44 Why not try again?你怎么不再试试？(即:你该再试试！),2.否定感叹疑问句表示的肯定。例45 Isnt that beautiful!多么美丽呀!例46 Isnt she a sweet girl!她多么可爱啊!注：这种疑问句用来回答别人的问题或对别人的谈话作出反应,以强调自己和对方的意见一致。例47-Lovely day,isnt it?天气真好啊,是不是?-
26、Yes,isnt it!是啊,真好!,3.祈使疑问句。例48 Wont you have some beer?请喝点啤酒吧！例49 Wont you sit down!请坐呀!,Practice,Do exercises on page 25,虚拟语气,英语动词有 种语气 陈述语气 祈使语气 虚拟语气,用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,三,Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气,wish引导的虚拟句,I wish I _(be)as tall as you.,were,I wish I were a bird.,I wish eve
27、ry day _(be)my birthday.,were,I wish/wished I _(eat)so much watermelon.,hadnt eaten,I wish it would rain tomorrow.,表示愿望(wish),wish接宾语从句有三种情况：1)现在：用过去式 2)过去：用过去完成式(had done)3)将来：用情态动词(would/could)+do,I wish I remembered the address.,我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）,How I wish he had not left.,要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）,
28、I wish it would rain tomorrow.,要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）,wish+thatHow I wishIf only,did/were 现在,had done 过去,would/might/would do 将来,If only 引导的虚拟句,if only 意为：若是.那该多好啊;真希望.;只要,只要.就好 表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态 If only I had arrived in time!If only she didnt drive so fast.,If only(1)要是就好了=I wishIf
29、only I knew his name now!If only we had followed your advice last time!If only I could see him again next year!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。,If only our parents could live with us!,If only I hadnt missed the train!,要是我没错过火车就好了.,if引导的虚拟条件句,区别:,If it rains tomorrow,the crops will be saved.,If it rained tomorro
30、w,the crops would be saved.,陈述语气,虚拟语气,If I _time last night,I _ to see the film with you.,had had,would have gone,If he more carefully,he the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,If I how to swim,I trapped in this island.,had learnt,would not have been,If the staff had been more car
31、eful,the mall would not be on fire now.,What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery,I would,If I won the lottery,I would buy an expensive car.,If I had a lot of money,I would buy a villa.,If I had a lot of money now,I would travel around the world.,If it were fine now,I would go sh
32、opping.,If he got up early,he would be on time,虚拟语气,例句If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have met him.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)2.If it were sunny tomorrow,I would come to see you.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反)3.If I were you,I would go at once.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你),虚拟语气在 在条件从
33、句中,主从句的谓语形式,时间,If 从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,现在,过去,将来,did/were,had done,would/could/should/might+V.(原),would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1.did/were2.should do3.were to do,would/could/should/might+V.(原),If+主+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形,If I were you,I would try it again.,1.如果我是你，我会再试一次。,2.如果我有一百万
34、美元，我会买下这架飞机。,If I had one million dollars,I would buy the plane.,与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句,If+主+had done sth,主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（have done）,If he had worked hard,he would have passed the examination.,1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。,If I had married her,I would have been unhappy.,2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。,与过去事实相
35、反的虚拟条件句,与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语),If he came here tomorrow,I would tell him about it.,If he were to come here tomorrow,I would tell him.,1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.,2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.,If+主+did(were to/should do),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形,As if虚拟句,He behaves as if he owned the house.,(But he doesnt own it
36、 or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.),He talks about Rome as though hehad been there himself.,虚拟语气,6.在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式(had done).一、as if(as though)连接表语从句 she looked as if she were made of ice.她看起来似乎是冰做的 he looked as if he hadnt slept for
37、 two days.二、as if 连接让步状语从 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。He speaks to us as if he had been there.他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。,虚拟语气在 在 as if 从句中,as if/though+Clause,现在：过去：将来:,did/were(现在),had done(过去),would+动词原形(将来),Would rather虚拟句,1.would rather that,现在：过去：未来：,过去时,过去完成时,过去时,I
38、 would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone,too.,Dont come.I would rather you came tomorrow.,其它虚拟句,虚拟语气,一些介词短语,如:but for(要不是),without,otherwise(否则),in that case(如果是那样的话),表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气 Without/But for your help,we would not have made such rapid progress.,虚拟语气中的几个特例,有时为了表达需要,并不总是出现 if 引导的条件句,而通过其他手段来代替条件句.,1.I was ill that day.0therwise,I _(take)part in the sports meet.2.I _(give)you more help,but I was too busy.3.But for water,it _(be)impossible to live in the desert.,would have taken,might have given,would be,Practice,Do exercises on page 25,
