完型填空解题方法.ppt

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1、初中英语完型填空专题,名校通 初中英语解题方法讲解,执教老师:樊老师2011 年 04月29 日,1,旨在考查学生对各方面语言知识的灵活运用能力。既考查学生对单词搭配、习惯用法、语法结构的掌握情况，又可以考查学生的语篇理解和逻辑推理能力。,初中英语完型填空专题,二、命题形式和特点,1.命题形式 四选一式 提供备选词,初中英语完型填空专题,二、命题形式和特点,2.命题特点布空方面,布空间距为79个单词；其中以动词和名词布空较多；其次是形容词、副词、代词和连词；,初中英语完型填空专题,二、命题形式和特点,初中英语完型填空专题,三、命题趋势,1.选材 以记叙文和说明文为主，题材内容更接近生活。选材具

2、有一定的教育性、趣味性或实用性。2.布空 注重语境，强调综合。,初中英语完型填空专题,四，完形填空考什么？,一,词法及词义辨析,二，固定短语搭配,三，上下文逻辑关系,四，文化背景及生活常识,初中英语完型填空专题,五，完型填空的能力目标要求,牢固、扎实、熟练的英语语法知识和丰富的英语词汇知识。英语阅读理解能力，良好的阅读习惯，熟练的阅读技巧。分析认识文章结构，理解领会文章各部分、各层次之间逻辑关系的能力。逻辑思维能力。特别是总结概括、推理判断和分析归纳的能力。包括情景推理判断、常识推理判断、逆向推理判断及比较推理判断等。,初中英语完型填空专题,扎实的英语词汇、短语、惯用法等英语固定搭配的知识。特

3、别是英语词汇意义和用法的辨析能力。在阅读中捕捉记忆相关信息的能力。,初中英语完型填空专题,六、解题步骤和策略,1.解题步骤 跳读全文，掌握大意。瞻前顾后，灵活答题。复读全文，核实答案。,（首句和尾句）,（运用各种策略）,词汇、语法、惯用法是否合理？句型结构是否完整，搭配是否有误？句子是否流畅？上下行文、前后逻辑关系是否一致？全文是否紧凑，中心突出，浑然一体？,初中英语完型填空专题,初中英语完型填空专题,1.看清上下文，找准定位词充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：1)Some parts of the water are very

4、shallow.But in some places it is very.A.deep B.high C.cold D.dangerous,七：完形填空解题技巧,初中英语完型填空专题,1.看清上下文，找准定位词充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：1)Some parts of the water are very shallow.But in some places it is very.A.deep B.high C.cold D.dangerous根据转折连词but的提示，所填入的词应与shallow相反，因此答案为A。,七：

5、完形填空解题技巧,初中英语完型填空专题,2)Mrs ONeill askedquestions and she didnt scold us either.A.no B.certain C.many D.more,初中英语完型填空专题,2)Mrs ONeill askedquestions and she didnt scold us either.A.no B.certain C.many D.moreand是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。,初中英语完型填空专题,2.寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系It h

6、as been many years since I was last in London I still remember something that happened during that visit.A.and B.for C.but D.as,初中英语完型填空专题,2.寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系It has been many years since I was last in London I still remember something that happened during that visit.A.and B.for C.but D.as根据句前的many years

7、和句后的still remember答案应选表示转折的连词but.,初中英语完型填空专题,3.通顺逻辑，寻求搭配注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如：1)Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himselfso much money.A.for B.by C.to D.of,初中英语完型填空专题,3.通顺逻辑，寻求搭配注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如：1)Heres

8、a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himselfso much money.A.for B.by C.to D.of表示“自取，随便拿”这个意义的短语是help oneself to故答案为C,初中英语完型填空专题,2)And video cameras can be used topeoples actions at home.A.keep B.make C.record D.watch,初中英语完型填空专题,2)And video cameras can be used topeoples actions at home.A.k

9、eep B.make C.record D.watch句中动作的发出者是video cameras因此答案是C，意思是“记录”。,初中英语完型填空专题,4.扎实基础，理清辨异Soon I heard alike that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet.A.sound B.cry C.voice D.shout,初中英语完型填空专题,4.扎实基础，理清辨异Soon I heard alike that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet.A.sound B.cry C.voice D.s

10、hout选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音，但B，C，D项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而sound则表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是A。,初中英语完型填空专题,5.了解生活常识，确定相关知识(Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital.A.animal B.biggestC.plant D.nearest,初中英语完型填空专题,5.了解生活常识，确定相关知识(Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to theho

11、spital.A.animal B.biggestC.plant D.nearest在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为D。,初中英语完型填空专题,要做好“完形填空”，必须紧紧抓住上下文语境，充分利用上下文语境所提供的线索。上下文语境包括选择项与所在句子中的语义联系，所在句与周围句群的关系，所在句在本段中所起的作用，所在句在整篇短文中所起的作用以及与文章主题思想的关系等。有些选项根据上下文就能比较容易地选出，而有些则必须根据整篇文章的大意才能做出正确判断。,初中英语完型填空专题,信息常识，上下呼应，搭配遣词，逻辑贯通,文中无闲句，句中无闲字,初中英语完型填空专题,

12、1、context（上下文、语境）,3、regular collocation（固定搭配）,2、logic（逻辑）,Skills of Cloze Tests(完形填空的解题技巧),4、grammar analysis（语法分析）,5、background knowledge（背景知识）,初中英语完型填空专题,解题误区 做完形填空时，除了依据所学语言知识和解题技巧外，还应避免几个误区。1、单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决所有问题。很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章。表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质

13、量的效率。2、时间安排不当，在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。正确的做法是由易到难，先做会做的，再考虑不太明白 的。,初中英语完型填空专题,解题练习,(1)利用上下文语境选择。leaf then large learn ones grow thick has mean first easy begin Everybody loves oranges.They are sweet and juicy.Theyre in sections,so it is _ to eat them.Some oranges do not have any seeds.Some ha

14、ve a _ skin,and some have a thin skin.,初中英语完型填空专题,解题练习,(1)利用上下文语境选择。leaf then large learn ones grow thick has mean first easy begin Everybody loves oranges.They are sweet and juicy.Theyre in sections,so it is _ to eat them.Some oranges do not have any seeds.Some have a _ skin,and some have a thin sk

15、in.,easy,thick,初中英语完型填空专题,(2)根据文化背景和常识选择。leaf then large learn ones growthick has mean first easy begin In English,orange _ both a fruit and a color.We use the name of the fruit for the color.,解题练习,初中英语完型填空专题,(2)根据文化背景和常识选择。leaf then large learn ones growthick has mean first easy begin In English,or

16、ange _ both a fruit and a color.We use the name of the fruit for the color.,means,解题练习,初中英语完型填空专题,(3)单词辨义和固定搭配。It costs 3.70 for adults,2 for children and _43_ for over sixties and school groups.()43.A.little B.few C.less D.fewer,解题练习,初中英语完型填空专题,(3)单词辨义和固定搭配。It costs 3.70 for adults,2 for children a

17、nd _43_ for over sixties and school groups.()43.A.little B.few C.less D.fewer,C,解题练习,初中英语完型填空专题,(4)句子结构和逻辑推理。Scientists also 48 that loud,fast music makes people eat faster.In fact,people 49 their food faster when the music gets faster.Some restaurants play fast music during their 50 hours.This gets

18、 people to eat faster and leave quickly.Restaurants 51 make spend even less.()48.A.think B.hopeC.realizeD.believe()49.A.cook B.orderC.eatD.make()50.A.free B.busyC.happyD.sad()51.A.can B.shouldC.cant D.neednt,解题练习,初中英语完型填空专题,(4)句子结构和逻辑推理。Scientists also 48 that loud,fast music makes people eat faster

19、.In fact,people 49 their food faster when the music gets faster.Some restaurants play fast music during their 50 hours.This gets people to eat faster and leave quickly.Restaurants 51 make spend even less.()48.A.think B.hopeC.realizeD.believe()49.A.cook B.orderC.eatD.make()50.A.free B.busyC.happyD.sa

20、d()51.A.can B.shouldC.cant D.neednt,A,C,B,A,解题练习,初中英语完型填空专题,(5)根据句子所缺成分选择。play activity favorite also and stoplife example happen but new makeFor example,learning can_59_ when you go to a museum.It can _60._ happen when you get a job.You learn when you _61._ a sport or when you take a trip.,解题练习,初中英

21、语完型填空专题,(5)根据句子所缺成分选择。play activity favorite also and stoplife example happen but new makeFor example,learning can 59._ when you go to a museum.It can 60._ happen when you get a job.You learn when you 61._ a sport or when you take a trip.,happen,also,play,解题练习,初中英语完型填空专题,2.段落阅读（07河北卷）How can you thi

22、nk in English?I think the best way is to practice as what a football player does every day.During the _46_ the football player will pass the ball to his teammates over and over again.So he wont have to _47_ passing the ball in the game,he will just do it.()46.A.practice B.break C.game D.day()47.A.wa

23、it for B.think about C.look at D.give up解题策略：_,根据上下文语境选择,初中英语完型填空专题,2.段落阅读（07河北卷）How can you think in English?I think the best way is to practice as what a football player does every day.During the _46_ the football player will pass the ball to his teammates over and over again.So he wont have to _4

24、7_ passing the ball in the game,he will just do it.()46.A.practice B.break C.game D.day()47.A.wait for B.think about C.look at D.give up解题策略：_,根据上下文语境选择,A,B,初中英语完型填空专题,2.段落阅读（08武汉卷）I dug a deep hole next to the rock and I dug a small incline（斜坡）up to the rock and the rock 63 down into the hole by it

25、self.()63.A.lay B.dropped C.walked D.ran解题策略：_,根据文化背景和常识选择,初中英语完型填空专题,2.段落阅读（08武汉卷）I dug a deep hole next to the rock and I dug a small incline（斜坡）up to the rock and the rock 63 down into the hole by itself.()63.A.lay B.dropped C.walked D.ran解题策略：_,根据文化背景和常识选择,D,初中英语完型填空专题,2.段落阅读（08无锡卷）But that wint

26、er the cold weather killed all the worms because he had not 38 them in a warm place.()38.A.caught B.found C.hidden D.put解题策略：_,单词辨义和固定搭配,初中英语完型填空专题,2.段落阅读（08无锡卷）But that winter the cold weather killed all the worms because he had not 38 them in a warm place.()38.A.caught B.found C.hidden D.put解题策略：_

27、,单词辨义和固定搭配,D,初中英语完型填空专题,5.2.段落阅读（07江西卷）_47 you are in a group of six or more people,we 48 give you a special guided tour of the centre.But you 49 to arrange(安排)this at the information desk when you 50.()47.A.When B.If C.Because D.Until()48.A.can B.must C.should D.have to()49.A.decide B.like C.hope D

28、.need()50.A.return B.arrive C.leave D.travel解题策略：_,句子结构和逻辑推理,初中英语完型填空专题,5.2.段落阅读（07江西卷）_47 you are in a group of six or more people,we 48 give you a special guided tour of the centre.But you 49 to arrange(安排)this at the information desk when you 50.()47.A.When B.If C.Because D.Until()48.A.can B.must

29、 C.should D.have to()49.A.decide B.like C.hope D.need()50.A.return B.arrive C.leave D.travel解题策略：_,句子结构和逻辑推理,B,A,D,B,初中英语完型填空专题,2.段落阅读（08无锡卷）He bought more worms,which he took good care of.When winter came,he took them inside 40 they would stay warm.Many people bought his worms.()40.A.before B.until

30、 C.though D.so解题策略：_,根据上下文语境选择,初中英语完型填空专题,2.段落阅读（08无锡卷）He bought more worms,which he took good care of.When winter came,he took them inside 40 they would stay warm.Many people bought his worms.()40.A.before B.until C.though D.so解题策略：_,A,根据上下文语境选择,初中英语完型填空专题,2.段落阅读（07广西南宁卷）The students had a look at

31、their workbooks and their _35_ turned red at once.()35.A.faces B.noses C.necks D.hands解题策略：_,根据文化背景和常识选择,初中英语完型填空专题,2.段落阅读（07广西南宁卷）The students had a look at their workbooks and their _35_ turned red at once.()35.A.faces B.noses C.necks D.hands解题策略：_,A,根据文化背景和常识选择,初中英语完型填空专题,2.段落阅读（07湖北随州卷）Many peop

32、le think that more time is spent,more work will be done.So students have to _36_ the whole day doing homework except during the three meals.()36.A.buy B.get C.spend D.take解题策略：_,单词辩义和固定搭配,初中英语完型填空专题,2.段落阅读（07湖北随州卷）Many people think that more time is spent,more work will be done.So students have to _

33、36_ the whole day doing homework except during the three meals.()36.A.buy B.get C.spend D.take解题策略：_,单词辩义和固定搭配,C,初中英语完型填空专题,2.段落阅读（08沈阳卷）Im becoming more and more interested _25_ physics,and have decided that I want to _26_ it at university.Im going to try to go to _27_ Montreal or Ottawa University

34、,as both _28_ supposed to have good Physics Departments.()25.A.in B.with C.at D.from()26.A.make B.discover C.study D.keep()27.A.neither B.either C.both D.only()28.A.have B.has C.are D.is解题策略：_,单词辩义和固定搭配,初中英语完型填空专题,2.段落阅读（08沈阳卷）Im becoming more and more interested _25_ physics,and have decided that I

35、 want to _26_ it at university.Im going to try to go to _27_ Montreal or Ottawa University,as both _28_ supposed to have good Physics Departments.()25.A.in B.with C.at D.from()26.A.make B.discover C.study D.keep()27.A.neither B.either C.both D.only()28.A.have B.has C.are D.is解题策略：_,A,C,B,C,单词辩义和固定搭配

36、,初中英语完型填空专题,2.段落阅读（08安徽卷）Why do people shake hands _54_ shaking feet?This is because of the fact that a long time ago most people _55_ knives or guns.If some of them decided that they did not want to _56_,they would show their empty hands._57_ people shook hands so that they could not _58_ knives in

37、 their sleeves(袖子).Later on,hand-shaking became a symbol of _59_.()54.A.such as B.as well as C.instead of D.together with()55.A.lost B.bought C.caught D.carried()56.A.cheat B.fight C.drop D.speak()57.A.Perhaps B.Happily C.Carefully D.Luckily()58.A.hide B.lift C.pull D.push()59.A.success B.victory C.

38、pride D.peace解题策略：_,句子结构和逻辑推理,初中英语完型填空专题,2.段落阅读（08安徽卷）Why do people shake hands _54_ shaking feet?This is because of the fact that a long time ago most people _55_ knives or guns.If some of them decided that they did not want to _56_,they would show their empty hands._57_ people shook hands so that

39、they could not _58_ knives in their sleeves(袖子).Later on,hand-shaking became a symbol of _59_.()54.A.such as B.as well as C.instead of D.together with()55.A.lost B.bought C.caught D.carried()56.A.cheat B.fight C.drop D.speak()57.A.Perhaps B.Happily C.Carefully D.Luckily()58.A.hide B.lift C.pull D.pu

40、sh()59.A.success B.victory C.pride D.peace解题策略：_,C,D,B,A,A,D,句子结构和逻辑推理,初中英语完型填空专题,2.段落阅读(06江西卷)According to some scientists,the sound of western classical(古典的)music makes people 44 richer.When a restaurant plays classical music,people spend 45 money on food and drinks.When the restaurant plays 46 mu

41、sic,people spend less money.With 47 music,people spend even less.()44.A.becomeB.getC.feel D.look()45.A.muchB.moreC.little D.less()46.A.popB.modernC.light D.country()47.A.noB.muchC.any D.some解题策略：_,句子结构和逻辑推理,初中英语完型填空专题,2.段落阅读(06江西卷)According to some scientists,the sound of western classical(古典的)music

42、 makes people 44 richer.When a restaurant plays classical music,people spend 45 money on food and drinks.When the restaurant plays 46 music,people spend less money.With 47 music,people spend even less.()44.A.becomeB.getC.feel D.look()45.A.muchB.moreC.little D.less()46.A.popB.modernC.light D.country(

43、)47.A.noB.muchC.any D.some解题策略：_,C,B,B,A,句子结构和逻辑推理,初中英语完型填空专题,3.整段阅读(08广东卷)Do you often think of your parents?You may say,“Of course,I _46_.I buy a present for my mother on Mothers Day and on Fathers Day I give my father _47_,too.”But what about the other days of the year?I have a friend whose paren

44、ts live in another city.One day I went to see her.We had a nice conversation.Then she wanted to _48_.So she dialed(拨号)the number,but then she put down the phone.After about fifteen _49_,she dialed the number again.“Hi,Mom”,46.A.will B.do C.wont D.dont47.A.a cake B.a kiss C.some money D.a present48.A

45、.make a call B.pay a visit C.have a rest D.go for a walk49.A.seconds B.minutes C.hours D.days50.A.How B.What C.Why D.When,初中英语完型填空专题,Later I asked,“_50_ did you dial the number twice?”She smiled,“My parents are old and _51_.They cant get close to the telephone quickly.I always do so when I call them

46、.I just want to give them _52_time to answer the call.”My friend is a good girl.She is _53_ thinking about her parents.You also want to be a _54_ child,right?Please always remember to _55_ your parents in every situation,not just on some important days.,51.A.fast B.slow C.healthy D.careless52.A.litt

47、le B.quick C.no D.enough53.A.always B.never C.seldom D.sometimes54.A.bad B.clever C.good D.sick55.A.think of B.look after C.ring up D.listen to,初中英语完型填空专题,5.3.整段阅读(B)46.A.will B.do C.wont D.dont(D)47.A.a cake B.a kiss C.some money D.a present(C)48.A.make a call B.pay a visit C.have a rest D.go for a

48、 walk(D)49.A.seconds B.minutes C.hours D.days(C)50.A.How B.What C.Why D.When(A)51.A.fast B.slow C.healthy D.careless(B)52.A.little B.quick C.no D.enough(B)53.A.always B.never C.seldom D.sometimes(D)54.A.bad B.clever C.good D.sick(A)55.A.think of B.look after C.ring up D.listen to,初中英语完型填空专题,八、复习建议,词

49、义辨析；词语搭配（形容词与名词搭配；副词与动 词搭 配；介词短语搭配；动词短语搭配；固定短语等）句子成分(主语、谓语、宾语等)句子种类（陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句）句子类型（简单句、并列句、复合句）,1熟悉语法，培养“完整的句子意识”。,初中英语完型填空专题,2.坚持在阅读的基础上锻炼语篇意识和把握整体文段的能力。把握文章的主旨大意，理解上下文的语境意识。逻辑推理能力,八、复习建议,找出全文的中心思想；联系上下文分析句与句之间的逻辑关系（原因与结果、前后顺承、后对前的解释、并列、转折、让步等),学会借助过渡词、上下文、主题句、段落的首尾句以及作者的思路、文中的情节来进行正确地推理。,初中英语完型填空专题,八、复习建议,3.关注生活，注意中西文化的差异。,文化背景知识和中西方文化的差异（历史、地理、社会习俗、民族风情等）,初中英语完型填空专题,体裁多样，题材丰富，语言生动地道，具有一定的教育性和趣味性。篇幅长度适中，布空合理，各考点均衡分布。侧重考查语言的意义，而不是一味的考查语法形式或句子结构。,八、复习建议,4.科学选材，有效训练。,初中英语完型填空专题,执教老师:樊老师,谢谢！,67,初中英语完型填空专题,