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1、Unit Five,Beavers,黄 贵 赵伟兴 肖 薇,Pre-reading Activities,Text Analysis,Supplementary Exercises,Writing Practice,Cultural Readings,What animal do you see in this picture?,Background Information,Pre-reading Activities I,Geographical range 生活领域 Physical characteristics 身体特点Reproduction 生育繁殖Behavior 生活习性,Ge
2、ographical range 生活领域,Beavers are found throughout North America,except for the Southwest,and Mexico.Beavers live in streams,rivers,and lakes where trees are abundant.(in a large amount):temperate(温带)forest&rainforest,freshwater lake,freshwater rivers,Physical characteristics 身体特点,Beavers are primar
3、ily growing or living in or near water.They have waterproof,rich,glossy(光滑的),brown fur,and large,black,webbed(有蹼的)feet.Their powerful hind legs also increase their swimming ability.,Reproduction 生殖繁育,Female beavers are mature at 2.5 years old.They give birth to one litter of kits per year,usually be
4、tween April and July.The gestation(怀孕)period is about 3 months.The litter usually consists of 4 kits,but up to 8 are possible.They are born with all of their fur,their eyes open,and their incisor teeth（门齿）erupted.The young usually stay with parents for 1-2 years and then leave to make their own home
5、s.,Behavior 生活习性,Beavers form pairs and usually live in family groups of up to 8 related individuals.Beaver families are territorial and defend against other families.In order to warn each other of danger,beavers slap their tails against the water,creating a powerful noise.Beavers are only occasiona
6、lly seen during the day.They usually wake at dusk(昼伏夜出).,Back,Warm-up Questions,Pre-reading Activities II,Have you heard or ever read about beavers?What do you know about it?What do you expect to learn from the text?,Back,words&expressions,New Words,Listening,analysis oftext,Phrases,Language study,O
7、utline,Back,engineering n.dam n.construct vt.nearby a.pond n.mud n.project n./v.shelter n.chamber n.view n.tunnel n.regulate vt.vertical a.convenience n.essential a.bark n.diameter n.ability n.trunk n.female n.paw n.drag v.chin n.,after all 毕竟 to hold back阻挡，抵制 to draw on/upon利用，支取 from point of vie
8、w从 角度看 due to 由于 to project against保护，免受 to a large extent在很大程度上 to pick ones way小心地走 to deal with处理，对待,Back,Many people believe that beavers are intelligent animals.After all,their dams are fine examples of engineering.The engineering skills of beavers are well known,but it will be useful to recall
9、 their main features.A pair of beavers will construct a dam across a river.The water held back by the dam overflows the bank on either side of the river,flooding the nearby ground and forming a pond.At some point in the pond the beavers then build their home,which is called a lodge.,This consists of
10、 a cone-shaped pile of branches and sticks of two to six feet in length held together with mud and stones,the top of which projects above the waterline.It serves as a shelter from the elements,a refuge from enemies and a base for food supplies to be drawn upon in winter.From an engineering point of
11、view the lodge could hardly be improved.Not only does it contain a central chamber just above water level,but it also has one or more escape tunnels,well-insulated walls and a vertical chimney,which regulates the temperature inside and gives air-conditioning.,It is altogether a clever piece of const
12、ruction,with all modern conveniences.It is,in fact,better protected against the effects of flooding than many human houses.Trees are essential to beavers.They eat the bark on the upper branches,and in order to reach these they must fell the trees.Tree felling is a skilled job,as anyone who has felle
13、d even a young tree knows.But beavers fell more than young trees.A pair is,said to be able to fell a tree four inches in diameter in 15 minutes.They do by gnawing all round the trunk,as high up from the ground as they can reach.They often build platforms of mud and earth to enable them to cut throug
14、h the tree where the trunk is narrower.The engineering skill of beavers is to a large extent a result of their ability to use their front paws as hands.A female will carry her young held under her chin with her front paws,walking on her hind legs.,A similar method is used by all beavers when transpo
15、rting stones or mud,although they also carry such materials on their broad flat tails.The forepaws are also used for digging and for dragging heavier logs.It is easy,therefore,to see why people should talk about the beavers skill,cleverness and intelligence.However,the structure of the beavers brain
16、 gives no indication that the animal is any more intelligent than other rodents.,Many of its actions,which appear to be the result of a higher order of reasoning,can be shown to be due to instinct and are suspected of being the outcome of an inborn pattern of behavior.,Back,Grammar point,Try to reca
17、ll exactly what happened.The ambassador was recalled when the war broke out.,recall,recall vt/n.to bring sth./sb.back into mind by thinking 回忆，记起，回想 vt.withdraw,to order sb.to return 召回,recall sb.to sth.使某人重新注意到或意识到这事物beyond past recall 想不起来的，不能取消的,The bridge is constructed largelyof concrete.It is
18、really a well-constructed novel.,construct,construct vt.build,put or fit together,form建造，构造，创立,hold back,hold back(from sth.)因恐惧或不情愿而退缩踌躇 She held back from telling him what she thought of him.hold sb.sth.back 阻止阻挡控制或限制某人或事物 The dam was not strong enough to hold back the flood waters.hold sth.back 不
19、表现或不流露感情 He bravely held back his tears.,Sentence comprehension,two to six feet in length=two to six feet long,The room is 30 square meters in area.The lake is 4m in depth.The mountain is 2000 meters in height.The box is 50kg in weight.,project,project vi.to stick out,extend forward 凸出，伸出 vt.to caus
20、e to fall on a surface,to throw or cast forward 投射，放映,The house has a balcony that projects over the street.We dont have a screen,but we can project the slides onto the back wall.,n.1）a plan or scheme 计划，工程 2）task which requires students to do their own research and hand in the results 项目,More and m
21、ore money is being put into scientific research projects.The class are doing a project on the cultural revolution 30 years ago.,serve as,to serve as:to fulfill one requirement or to achieve some certain purpose满足需要，达到目的,The box serves as a table.In the absence of anything better the sofa could serve
22、 as a bed for a couple of nights.Its not exactly what I wanted but it will serve my purpose.,view,view n.a personal opinion,thought,belief,etc.about sth.观点，见解，意见,In my point of view,George is able enough to cope with team.We will agree with the committees views.Old views are being rapidly changed by
23、 theprogress of science.,view vt.to consider,regard as,look at认为，观察，观看,The subject may be viewed in various ways.How do you view your chances of success?,in view of sth.鉴于，由于，考虑到,flexibility,Sentence comprehension,“It is,in fact,better protected against the effects of flooding than many human houses
24、.”,How to paraphrase this sentence?,key,The lodge is built so well that it seems impossible to improve it.It is a shelter stronger than many human houses when floods come.,essential,essential a.necessary(for,to),most important 本质的，实质的，基本的，精华的 n.basically necessary elements 本职，实质，要素，要点,Its essential
25、that you attend all the classes.Learn the essentials first,then learn the details.,to a large extent,to a large extent:in a large degree 在很大程度上,It was his own fault to a large extent.,to the extent to some extent to such an extent/to the extent thatto what extent,达到某种程度,her young,“ones young”means“o
26、nes young sons or daughters”,“the young”means“young people”,Football is a game for the young.Animals will often fight to deathto protect their young.,drag,drag vt.to pull(a heavy thing)along vi.to move slowly and with effort 拖，拽，缓慢而费力的行动,Dont try to drag me into your plans.,The meeting dragged on fo
27、r a long time.,The man was so weak that he could just drag about.,indication,indication n.a sign or suggestion by which you can judge what will happen 指示，迹象，暗示,indicate v.show,suggest or represent 指出，显示，预示，象征,There are indications that the situation may be improving.,With a nod of his head he indica
28、ted to me where I should sit.,reason,reason n.cause,grounds;the power of thinking 原因，理由，理智 vt.to argue,give an opinion based on reason 推论，辩论 vi.(with)to argue,persuade 争论，说服，劝说,I reasoned from his silence that he was unhappy.,Her parents have tried to reason with her,but she just wont listen to them
29、.,by reason of sth.因为或由于某事物,inwithin reason 理智的，合理的,beyond past all reason 不合道理的,无法接受,reason with sb.为说服某人而与之理论,suspect,suspect：vt.sb.of sth.:to think that sb.is probably guilty of sth.illegal or dishonest 怀疑某人（有罪或做了违法的事）vt.that,sb.to do:to suppose or guess 猜想，对 有所察觉 a.Open to or viewed with suspici
30、on:可疑的，受到怀疑的 n.a person believed to have committed a crime 嫌疑犯，令人怀疑的人,Compare：suspect&doubt 这一对词均表示“怀疑”的意思，区别在于suspect 对后面的内容加以肯定，强调“猜想”；怀疑某事 已经存在或将会发生；I suspect him to be a thief.我猜他是个骗子。I suspect that he will come.我猜他会来的。而doubt对后面的内容加以否定，对某人说的话不 相信或对今后某人某事是否成功把握不大。Do you doubt my word?你以为我没讲真话吗？I
31、doubt if he will come.我猜他不会来了。,Grammar:Inversion 倒装,L.15“not onlybut also”如果谓语提到主语前面，则句子为倒装语序（inverted order).若是整个谓语提前，则为 全部倒装(full inversion).如：There comes the bus!Down fell several apples.有时只部分谓语提前，则为部分倒装(partial inversion).如：How are you doing?Why didnt you come?,1).当句首为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为go，come等表示位置移动
32、的动作动词而主语又较长时，通常用全部倒装。The door burst open and in rushed the crowd.Bang!Bang!Bang!Came three reports of fore-crackers.2).当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，也常常引起全部倒装。In this chapter will be found an answer.From the room came a sound.,3).当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，一般引起局部倒装。When I was at school,on no account were we allowed to
33、 take the magazines out of the reading room.Hardly had he finished his work when the telephone rang.4).当方式或频度状语等移至句首时，有时也引起局部倒装。Many a time has Mike given me good advice.,5).句首状语若有only+介词词组(P.p)或状语分句(adverbial clause)构成，也可引起局部倒装。就是在昨天他才发现他的表不见了。Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missi
34、ng.,6).以关联词so开头的句子，通常引起局部倒装。记号太小了，我根本看不见它！So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.,They little realized that they had made an important discovery in science.2.He had no sooner put down the receiver than the telephone rang again.,3.We must on no account make any concession in this connection
35、.4.She was so absorbed in the week that she often forgot to take her meals.,Outline of the text,Its necessary to recall the characteristics of Beavers home.2.A vivid description of Beavers building a home.Beavers hut needs no improvement from engineering point of view:1)How for beavers to fall a tre
36、e 2)The excellent engineering is to a large extent due to beavers front paws used as hands.Conclusion:Though beavers talent doesnt indicate its cleverness than the other rodents,its intelligence shows its own instinct,which is even better than human beings.,Back,Summary filling,Vocabulary&structure,
37、Translation,Exercises,Back,Beavers are believed to be _ animals.They are well known for their _.They are able to _ dams across streams to maintain the water level.Beavers are _with broad,flat tails.With their large teeth,theycan _ trees and eat the bark.Beaversappear to be very clever and skillful a
38、nimals.Butit is more likely that their _ are just due to _ and are the outcome of an _behavior pattern.,intelligent,engineering,construct,rodent,fell,actions,instinct,inborn,Summary filling,Direction:The following passage is the summary of the text,put the missing words in the blanks according your
39、understanding of the text.,To reason,reason,reasoning,reasonable,reasonably a.There is no _ to get excited.b.The police were _ with the hijackers to at least let the children go.c.If you tell him what happened,he will know.He is a _ man.d.It seems to me that this _ is altogether sound.e.Stop shoutin
40、g and lets discuss it _.To project,project,projector a.The clouds _ their shadows on the grass.b.A _ is a device for showing films or images on a screen or other surface.c.The upper storey _ over the street.d.In our third year at the school everyone has to do a special _.,Back,reason,reasoning,reaso
41、nable,reasoning,reasonably,project,projector,projects,project,Vocabulary&structure,Directions:Use the appropriate forms of the words listed to fill the blanks of the following sentences.,1.这就是你要的书。2.只有这样我们才有希望把工作好。3.直到昨天我才知道他去美国了。4.从来还没有一个国家做这样巨大的努力来发展工业。,Here is the book you want.,Only in this way
42、can we hope to do the work well.,Not until yesterday did I learn that he had gone to America.,Never has any country made such great efforts to develop industry.,Back,Translation,Writing exercise,Model essay,Writing tips,Writing practice,Writing tips 4 空间说明,写说明文经常要涉及到说明顺序的安排。特别是按空间排序的说明文，必须依据合理的说明顺序。
43、例如，向别人介绍你自己校园，写作之前应该确定一个参照物，然后以参照物为参考对象进行说明，会使说明更加清楚。而且，可以有几个不同的参照物，但是参照物的数量不能过多，否则，会产生凌乱的感觉。,Back,Directions:Write a passage on“the Layout of a Hospital”,trying to illustrate the layout as clear as possible.,Writing exercise,Back,Model essay,The Layout of a Hospital Near the gate，on the west side o
44、f the road is the Emergency Department Opposite the Emergency Department across the Main Road is the Out-patient Department The building to the southwest of the lake is the Dispensary，which face the Surgery Department lying on the other side of the roadAlong the west wall，from south to north，stand t
45、hree buildings：the Physician Department，Throat Department，and the Dental Department A winding road by the lake leads to the WardNear the end of the Main Road，the Administrative Building is situated on the east sideThe hospital is nicely and conveniently laid out,Back,We have mentioned in last unit t
46、hat when we come across the unfamiliar words in reading,it is not necessary to look them up in a dictionary all the time.And weve discussed three concrete ways to follow while reading.They are definition,example,and restatement.Actually,there are some more methods thatwe may use.,Reading skills,Tip
47、4:Using Synonyms as Context Clues A synonym is a word with the same or nearlythe same meaning as another word in the same language.Tip 5:Using Antonyms as Context Clues An antonym is a word opposite in meaning to another word in the same language.Tip 6:Using Common Knowledge Quite often,your common
48、knowledge will help you deduce the meaning of an unknown word.,Back,Reading passage,Polar bears live on seals,and to hunt them the bears must have ice to get to where the seals are.One area where polar bears are doing very well is along the western shore of Hudson Bay in Canada,this is also one of t
49、he best places to see the big bears.Hudson Bay has a huge body of water,about twice the size of Texas.,The polar bears of Churchill,During the winter,when it freezes over,the bears live out on the ice,which is their home,hunting for seals.When the spring comes,large pieces of ice are blown south to
50、the bays southern shore.The bears ride the floating ice onto the beach.In Hudson Bay,the ice melts by July,and the bears have to come ashore.They spend months ashore eating very little,digging into sand and dirt so that they can stay cool on the summer“heat”.There,in late autumn,they wait for the ic
