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1、汽车专业英语 Specialty English for Automobile,刘永刚E-mail:Tel:18696650900,教材：汽车工程专业英语 李俊玲 罗永革 机械工业出版社￥23.00 重大书店 辅助性的材料 上课时间地点1-4,6-9周：星期一9,10节 A51021-4,6-9周：星期六3,4节 A研108,1、什么是专业外语,专业英语=科技英语 English for Science and Technology把英语和具体专业知识结合起来，用英语来说明专业所涉及的事物或事实基础英语专业知识汽车构造（含发动机）、内燃机原理、汽车理论,2、科技英语的内容,关注的焦点不同词汇：
2、专业词汇的英文表达特定词 robot/engine/mechanics外来词 science/technology/acoustic词缀 Bio-sensor合成 information highway简化 CAD/CAE/FEA/CD/DVD,Finite element analysiscomputational fluid dynamicsCompact disk/digital video disk,Computer Aided DesignComputer Aided Engineering,翻译英翻汉汉翻英科技文章中英文写作方式的差别英文中大量使用被动语态、祈使句、修饰词很多翻译时
3、应该注意中文的流畅,Every year,many cars are made in this factory.The speed of a car is controlled by the engine transmission,the tire and the road surface.Water could be used to cool the engine.,翻译的标准信：忠实传达原文的意思达：通顺流畅雅：译文有文采翻译的过程理解原文语境：涉及的知识内容语法词汇意思专业的角度初步的汉语表达：逻辑性、规范性订正：通顺、文采,忠实原文，力求通顺,例子,to look for work t
4、o convert heat to workThe clutch plate is round.（形容词）The wheel turns round the axle.（介词）To close the throttle the pedal should be pushed all way in。A four-stroke engine cycle consists of intake stroke,compression stroke,power stroke and exhaust stroke.,找工作,将热能转换为功,为关闭油门，应将踏板推到底。,四冲程发动机包含了进气、压缩、做功和排气
5、等四个冲程.,The tolerance should not be so big.此公差不应给这么大。（机械学）The importance of computer in the useof manufacturing can not be overestimated.计算机在制造业应用上的重要性怎么估计也不会过高。Heat-treatment is used to normalize,to soften or to harden steels.热处理可用来对钢正火、退火或淬火。,专业英语与基础英语的不同：1.掌握专业词汇是学好专业英语的基础，专业词汇的含义和上下文有关，因此查阅专业书籍的I
6、ndex并参照课文确定词意是学习和掌握专业词汇的有效方法。2.英语科技文章在结构上也具有很多自身的特点，如长句多，被动语态多，大量的名词化结构等，这都给对英文原文的理解和翻译带来了基础英语中很难解决的困难。,Mechanical Engineering English,专业英语与基础英语的不同：3.专业英语对听说读写译的侧重点不同，其主要要求在于“读”和“译”，也就是通过大量的阅读对外文资料进行正确的理解和翻译，在读和译的基础上，对听、说、写进行必要的训练。4.专业外文资料由于涉及科技内容而往往极为复杂难以理解，加之这类文章的篇幅通常很长，所以只有经过一定的专业外语训练，才能完成从基础英语到专
7、业英语的过渡，达到英语学以致用的最终目的。,Mechanical Engineering English,3、课程目标,掌握汽车专业相关的词汇能阅读一般的汽车方面的英文文献具有一定的翻译能力具有一定的写作能力,6080100,4 汽车方面的一些词汇,GB/T 3730-2001 汽车和挂车类型的术语和定义汽车：乘用车 Passenger car普通乘用车(轿车)Saloon：英/Sedan：美活顶乘用车：convertible saloon高级乘用车：驾驶室和座椅可隔开pullman saloon 卧铺车 小型乘用车：双门 coupe仓背乘用车（两厢）：hatchback越野：off-road
8、,car/automobile/vehicle/motor car/motor vehicle,Type of sedanNotchback sedanA notchback sedan is a three-box sedan,where the passenger volume is clearly distinct from the trunk volume of the vehicle.The roof is on one plane,generally parallel to the ground,the rear window at a sharp angle to the roo
9、f,and the trunk lid is also parallel to the ground.Historically,this has been a popular and arguably the most traditional form of passenger vehicle.,Fastback sedan 斜背式A fastback sedan is a two-box sedan,with continuous slope from the roof to the base of the decklid,but excludes the hatchback feature
10、.Hatchback sedan 舱盖式Hatchback(a.k.a.liftback)sedans typically have the fastback profile,but instead of a trunk lid,the entire back of the vehicle lifts up(using a liftgate or hatch).Two-door sedan(coupe)Beetle,Chevrolet Malibu,1941 Plymouth fastback sedan,Cross country vehicle 越野车SUV Sports Utility
11、Vehicle 运动型多用途车MPVMulti Purpose Vehicle 多用途车 RV Recreation Vehicle 休闲车Racing car 赛车皮卡：pick-up truck 轻型卡车,A station wagon or estate car is a body style variant of a sedan/saloon with its roof extended rearward over a shared passenger/cargo volume with access at the back via a third or fifth door(the
12、liftgate or tailgate),instead of a trunk lid.The body style transforms a standard three-box design into a two-box design to include an A,B&C-pillar,as well as a D pillar.,1940 Pontiac woodie,1926 Ford station wagon,商用车 Commercial car客车 busSingle-deckers/double-deckersArticulated busesLow-floor buses
13、,小型客车 minibus8 and 30 seats,Toyata Coaster,Ford Transit,城市客车 city-bus/transit bus/commuter bus/public bus:used for short-distance public transport purposesCoach:used to refer to a large motor vehicle for conveying passengers.To differentiate from other types of bus,a coach has a luggage hold separat
14、e from the passenger cabin长途客车 interurban coach旅游客车 touring coach,货车 goods vehicle truck/lorry used for carrying goods and materials.,牵引车/挂车 towing tractor/tractor/trailerTrailer:an unpowered vehicle pulled by a powered vehicle Semi-trailer:a trailer without a front axle.A large proportion of its we
15、ight is supported either by a road tractor,Passenger carSedanNotchback/fastback/hatchbackCoupe/off-roadStation wagonCommercial carBus/city-busCoachGoods vehicle/truck/lorryTrailer/tractor,a car with a back that extends approximately horizontally from the bottom of the rear window so as to make a dis
16、tinct angle with it.a car with a rear that slopes continuously down to the bumpera car with a door across the full width at the back end that opens upwards to provide easy access for loading,乘用车轿车凹背式/斜背式/仓背式三厢 两厢 box小型车/越野旅行车商用车客车/公共汽车长途客车货车/卡车挂车/牵引车,a car with a longer body than usual,incorporating a large carrying area behind the seats and having an extra door at the rear for easy,
