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1、Elision,Weak Form and Linking in English Listening,1.Some errors in the dictation excercises,take it as ticket as(linking)put a stop to it put stop it(linking&weak form)advisors a wisers(elision)get ahead get a head(comprehension)wind up getting discouraged went on discuss(weak form and comprehensio
2、n),2.Elision,The elision of vowels(元音的省略）A.单词内部 carefully,temperature,library B.两词交界 father and son,after a while,get another,go away,try again(对听写的影响:get another get other,go away go way,try again try gain)The elision of consonants(辅音的省略）A.单词内部 mostly,clothes,asthma,punctually,fifths B.辅音+t/d 音丛后面跟
3、的是一个以辅音开头的词,t/d 容易被省略 first night,finished now,moved back,helped me,looked fine,lagged behind(对听写的启示，过去时),3.Weak form,A.The importance of learning weak formMost native speakers of English find an“all-strong form”pronunciation very unpleasant.Learners who are not familiar with the use of weak forms a
4、re likely to have difficulty understanding native speakers.,B.Main features of the weak forms reductions of the length of soundsobscuration of vowels towards the schwaelision of vowels and consonants,C.Some general rules 1)Strong forms are used:-when the word is stressed for contrast or emphasis The
5、 letters from her,not to her.It was him.-when the word comes at the end of a sentence or phrase,even if unstressed:I can do it better than he can.It was aimed at but not achieved.,2)Common changes between strong and weak forms-Weak form loses initial/h/:him,his,her,he,have,has,had:I likeim except at
6、 beginning of sentence:Have they found it?-Vowel changes.Most of these words change their vowel sound to a schwa/,eg.at,some,them,us,from,must.Exceptions:him,his dont change(/);she,he,we weaken the/i:/:Weve done it;before vowels,to and do weaken the/u:/:Time to eat.-Some words have two weak forms,de
7、pending on whether the next word starts with a vowel or a consonant:a/an,the:The eye of the storm,3)List of weak-form words i)Words which occur in their weak forms at the end of a sentence,or which dont occur at the end of a sentence-a,an,the(pronunciation differs before vowels and consonants)-and,b
8、ut,that(only weak in relative clauses,not as demonstrative:Thats(strong)the only thing that(weak)I want)-than-his(before a noun),her,your-she,he,we(weaker/)you(weaker/)-him,them,us,ii)Words which occur in their strong forms when they are final in a sentence-at,for,from,of,as to(pronunciation differs
9、 before vowels and consonants;not full/u:/when final in sentence:She doesnt want to)-some(strong form used before singular countable noun:Some fools taken it(strong/sm/)vs.Some men have taken it(weak/sm/)-there,iii)Auxiliary verbs strong in final position;never weak in negative-can,could-have,has,ha
10、d-shall,should-must-do(different pronunciation before vowels and consonants:Why do I bother?(/d/)vs.Why do they try?(/d/),does-am,are,was,were,D.Checklist for the weak forms(see 09-strong and weak forms handouts),4.Linking,A.What is linking?When speaking,people arrange words into groups and join tog
11、ether the stressed and unstressed words within the group.They move smoothly from one word to the next without making any sudden stops.So when we listen to their speech,we hear the end of one word flow straight into the beginning to the next.This phenomenon of joining words together is called linking
12、.(def.),B.How to link words in English speech-final consonant links to initial vowel:thisevening,postoffice-final rounded vowel(/u:/,/,/a/,/)links to initial vowel with/w/:dowit-final spread vowel(/i:/,/a/,/e/,/)links to initial vowel with/j/:wejaim-final/r/pronounced where normally silent to link with initial vowel:fourapples-intrusive/r/between final and initial vowels:the idea of,Thank you!,
