《物流专业英语第八部分.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《物流专业英语第八部分.ppt（39页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,1,Session 09:Warehousing,History of WarehousingDistribution CenterWarehousing Introduction(operation costs functions)Typical Pareto analysisWarehouse Decision,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,2,History
2、 of Warehousing,Genesis records first use of warehouses?“in the preindustrial era,storage was performed by individual households forced to function as self-sufficient economic units.Consumers performed warehousing and accepted the attendant risks.”source from:Chapter 9 of Text,pp.213,2023/11/15,The
3、College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,3,History of Warehousing,Warehousing has spanned both“Age of Agriculture”and“Industrial Era”.“As transportation capability developed,product storage shifted from households to retailers,wholesalers,and manufacturers.Warehouses stores inventory in th
4、e logistics pipeline,serving to coordinate product supply and consumer demand.”source from:Chapter 9 of Text,pp.213,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,4,History of Warehousing,Cost and profit implications of warehousing only really understood from late 60s,2023/11/15,T
5、he College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,5,History of Warehousing,“Following World War,managerial attention shifted toward strategic storage.Management began to question the need for vast warehouse networks.In the distributive industries such as wholesaling and retailing,it was traditio
6、nally considered best practice to dedicate a warehouse containing a full assortment of inventory to every sales territory.”source from:Chapter 9 of Text,pp.213,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,6,History of Warehousing,What is the role of warehousing in the“Age of Inf
7、ormation”?“Progressive wholesalers and integrated retailers developed state-of-the-art warehouse systems to logistically support retail replenishment.Thus,the focus on warehousing shifted from passive storage to strategic assortment.”source from:Chapter 9 of Text,pp.213,Distribution Center,2023/11/1
8、5,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,7,Distribution Center,“for manufactures,achieving such logistical support across a global market typically requires strategically located warehouses.Utilizing centralized parts inventory at a central warehouse reduces the need for inventory at
9、 each assembly plant.Products can be purchased and shipped to the strategically located central warehouse,taking advantage of consolidated transportation.At the warehouse,products are sorted,sequenced,and shipped to specific manufacturing plants as needed.Sorted and sequencing facilities become a vi
10、tal extension of manufacturing.”,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,8,Dispersive Warehouse or DC?,The Warehouse or Distribution Centre is a key element in any organizations logistics strategyThis is the area where the organization most frequently succeeds or fails in f
11、ulfilling its sales and marketing promiseStill an area of opportunity for truly significant productivity improvement,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,9,Principal functions,Receipt including quality&quantity checksStorage includes task of moving products from receivin
12、g to the storage locationOrder picking includes transportation to order picking location&checking/packing tasksDispatch includes staging&interim storage,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,10,The Advantages to customer what Distribution Center brings,First,logistical co
13、st is reduced because an assortment of products can be delivered while taking advantage of consolidated transportation.Secondly,inventory of slow-moving products can be reduced because of the capability to received smaller quantities as part of a larger consolidated shipment.,2023/11/15,The College
14、of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,11,Recent trends in warehousing,Fewer,better managed,better organized and more mechanized distribution centersdistribution centers permit:better-quality managementmore sophisticated computer and administrative systemslower overall costs,but generally with h
15、igher overall levels of customer service,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,12,What Are the Uses of Warehouse?,Please see your textbook from page 219 to page 223 and find the answer!,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,13,Where are warehou
16、ses used?,To store:buffer stock against unpredictable variations in supply and demandoutput from economical production runs or bulk purchasesoutput for seasonal stock build-upto safeguard stock from damage and unauthorized removal,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,14,
17、Where are warehouses used?,To Handle:-Receiving:unloading to place products on pallets or a conveyor move products from the vehicle to the dock-In-Storage Handling:transfer and selection-Shipping:(please see the text,page 221),2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,15,Othe
18、r reasons for warehouses,To present an image which enhances the enterprises prestigeThis factor has often influenced decisions to build sophisticated mechanized facilities when less sophisticated alternatives may have been more cost effective,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong Un
19、iversity,16,Other reasons for warehouses,Inappropriate facilities tie up scarce capital and can adversely impact profitability,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,17,Warehouse Costs,Warehousing costs can account for between 20 and 40 per centof an enterprises total logi
20、stics costs where orders are picked in carton or less than carton quantities,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,18,Impact of JIT on warehousing,Just-in-Time(JIT)has significantly reduced emphasis on the storage task21st Century requires a new attitude to warehousingfro
21、m storage(distribution at 0 km/h);tofacility where products are transiting as they constantly move towards their final destination,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,19,Impact of JIT on warehousing,The principle of postponement has major implications for facility decis
22、ions under JIT,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,20,Location Trade-Offs,adjacent to principal markets ornearer to sources of supplyoradjacent to manufacturing facilityorsomewhere in between?,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,21,Location
23、 Trade-Offs,as#of locations increases$value of inventory holding increasesoverall logistics cost increasesgenerally,overall level of customer service decreasessmall centers adjacent to markets can reduce transportation costs,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,22,Princi
24、pal elements to consider whendesigning a distribution facility,land and buildingmanagement and staffequipmentcomputer and its softwareoperating methods and proceduresThese elements are interdependent and must therefore not be considered in isolation,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiao
25、tong University,23,Principal constraints,existing landexisting buildingsavailable financeexisting equipment which much be reusedreturn-on-investment required and so on,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,24,Other limiting factors,existing software investmentmanagement p
26、referencesstaff and or union objectionsgovernment regulations:building ordinancesfire protectionparking&plot ratiosstreet access,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,25,Data collection by function,How are goods received and in what volume?How many lines are kept in stock
27、(SKUs)?What are the physical characteristics of SKUs?What are typical order profiles?Must orders be checked or repacked?Can picked orders be direct loaded?What effect does day of week or month have on activity levels?,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,26,Typical Paret
28、o analysis,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,27,Developing alternative concepts,As a rule-of-thumb,develop three alternatives:a simple conventional systema system with a medium level of mechanizationa system with a high level of mechanization and process technology,20
29、23/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,28,Developing alternative concepts,One design approach will rarely cover all SKUs,but mechanization is usually only justified for fastest moving SKUs,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,29,Costing alternati
30、ve designs,Budget-cost each sub-element,including:landthe buildingequipment,including fire protectioncomputer and control software,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,30,Costing alternative designs,calculate annual operating costs,including depreciation,heating and cool
31、ing,government charges,insurance,etc,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,31,Summarizes qualitative issues,Use perceived advantages and disadvantages for:durabilityexpandabilityadaptabilitysimplicityworking environment,etc,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Ji
32、aotong University,32,Building Costs,As a rule-of-thumb,it costs approximately 6 per cent extra to add 1 meter to the height of a buildingTherefore,to double the volume of a 5m high building would only cost approximately 30 per cent extra,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong Univers
33、ity,33,Warehouse Decisions,Site Selection Facilities are required to hold stock.Questions are:how many facilities do we need;where do we locate them how large should they beshould they be mechanized or automated and to what degree,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,34,
34、Warehouse Decisions,Design:“must consider product movement characteristics.”(Please see the text,pp.227,figure 9.4)-the number of floors to include in the facility(“the ideal warehouse design is a one-floor building that eliminates the need to move product vertically”),2023/11/15,The College of Logi
35、stics,Southwest Jiaotong University,35,Warehouse Decisions,-a cube utilization plan(to maximize cubic utilization.Maximum effective warehouse height is limited by safe lifting capabilities of materials handling equipment,such as lift trucks,rack design,and fire safety regulations imposed by sprinkle
36、r systems.”)-product flow(“should facilitate continuous straight product flow through the building.”),2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,36,Warehousing Decision,Product-Mix Analysis,Each product should be analyzed in terms of annual sales,demand,Weight,cube and packagi
37、ng,To determine the total size,cube,andWeight of the average order to be Processed through the warehouse.,Determining warehouseSpace,design and layout,materials Handling equipment,Operating proceduresAnd controls,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,37,Warehouse Decision
38、,Expansion:to establish 5-10 year expansion plan,to justify purchase or option of a site 3-5 times larger than required to support initial construction.Materials Handling:the material handling system must be selected early in the warehouse development process.,2023/11/15,The College of Logistics,Sou
39、thwest Jiaotong University,38,Warehouse Decision,Layout:the layout and the material handling are integral,which should be planned to facilitate product flow.Sizing:to allow 10%additional space to account for increased volume,new products,and new business opportunities,2023/11/15,The College of Logis
40、tics,Southwest Jiaotong University,39,The Management System,Existing systems have often been developed piecemeal over many yearsIdeally the management system design should fully involve those who will have to make it workThe more mechanized the new system,the less current staff will understand what is needed to operate the new system effectively,
