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1、Word Study Phrases and Expressions Background Information,Contents,Word Study,1.appal 9.shriek2.astound 10.smash3.contemptuous 11.split4.disgusted 12.stiffen5.genuine 13.swallow6.guarded 14.sweep7.Impulsive 15.tube 8.shove 16.define,廉兰敏 高轶曼,1.appal,v.to shock sb.very mucheg.The idea of sharing a roo
2、m appalled her.It appalled me that they could simply ignore the problem.appalled adj appalled expression/silenceappalling adj appallingly adv appallingly bad 极差,2.astound,v.to surprise or shock sb very mucheg.She was astounded by his arrogance.astounded adj I was astounded to see her appear from hou
3、se.she looked astounded at news.the doctor were astounded(that)he survived.astounding adjastoundingly adv,3.contemptuous,a.（of sb/sth)feeling or showing that you have no respect for sb/stheg.She gave him a contemptuous look.He was contemptuous of everything I did.contemptuously adv to laugh contempt
4、uouslySYN:scornful,4.disgusted,a.(at/by/with sb/sth/yourself)feeling or showing digusteg.I was disgusted at/by sight.I was disgusted with myself for eating so much.disgustedly adv.,5.genuine,adj.a.real;exactly what it appears to be；not artifical b.sincere and honest;that can be trustedeg.Is the pain
5、ting a genuine Picasso?genuine concern for others a very genuine persongenuinely adv genuinely sorrygenuineness n,6.guarded,adj.(of a person or a remark theymake)careful;not showing feelings or giving much informationeg.You should be more guarded in what you say to reporters.They gave the news a gua
6、rded welcome.他们对这消息表示谨慎的欢迎。SYN:coutious,7.impulsive,adj.(of people or their behavior)acting suddenly without thinking carefully about what might happen because of what you are doingeg.an impulsive decision/gesture He has an impulsive nature.SYN:impetuousImpulsively advimpulsiveness/impulse n,8.shove
7、,v.a.to push sb./sth.in a rough way b.to put sth.somewhere roughly or carelesslyeg.He shoved her down the stairs.She shoved the book into her bag and hurried off.shove off 滚开，滚 shove up 挪出空位,9.shriek,v.to give a loud high shout,for example when you are excited,frightened or in pain.eg.The audience w
8、as shrieking with laughter.She was shrieking abuse at them as they carried her off.SYN:scream,10.smash,v.a.to break sth or to be broken,violently and noisely into many pieces b.to move with a lot of force against sth solid;to make sth do this c.to hit sth very hard and break it,in order to get throu
9、gh iteg.Several windows had been smashed.The car smashed into a tree.They had to smash holes in the ice.,smash sth down smash sth in smash sth up,（用力）击倒，打翻,(用力）打破，撞坏,(蓄意）捣毁，破坏,11.split,v.a.to divide,or to make a group of people divide,into smaller groups that have very different opinions 分裂，使分裂（成不同派
10、别）b.(sth)(into sth)to divide,or to make sth divide,into two or more parts 分开（几个部分）c.to cut sbs skin and make it bleedeg.A debate that has split the country down the middle.She spit the class into group of four.How did you split your lip?,split difference split hairs split your sides(laughing/with la
11、ughter)split away/off split on/to sb split up(with sb),（讲价等）各让一步，折中,在细节上过分纠纷,笑破肚皮，笑弯腰,脱离，分裂出去，分离,告发，揭发,断绝关系，分手,12.stiffen,v.a.to make yourself or part of your body firm,straight and still,especially because you are angry or frightened b.to make sth.become difficult to bend or move c.to make an attit
12、ude or idea stronger or more powerful;to become strongereg.She stiffened with fear.stiffened muscles The threat of punishment has only stiffened their resolve.,13.swallow,v.a.to make food,drink,etc,go down your throat into your stomach b.to take sb./sth.in or completely cover it so that they cannot
13、be seen or no longer exist separatelyeg.The pills should be swallowed whole.Large areas of countryside have been swallowed up by towns.,n.a small bird with long pointed wings,that spends the winter in Africa but flies to northern countries for summereg.One swallow doesnt make a summer.一燕不成夏 swallow
14、dive 燕式跳水,14.sweep,v.a.to clean a room,surface,etc.useing a brush eg.The showroom had been emptied and swept clean.b.to move or push sb.or sth.suddenly and with a lot of forceThe boat was swept out to the sea.,c.(weather,fire,news)move quickly or spread quickly.Strong winds regularly sweep the islan
15、d d.to move over an area,especially in order to look for sth.His eyes swept around the room.,sweep the board sweep sb.off their feetsweep to victorysweep sth.asidesweep sb.up,(在比赛中)囊括所有奖项,使某人对自己一见倾心,轻易获胜,对置之不理,一把抱起某人,15.tube,n.a.a long hollow pipe made of metal,plastic,rubber,etc.through which liqui
16、ds or gases move from one place to another.管，管子eg.a bikes inner tube 自行车内胎b.a long narrow container made of soft metal or plastic,with a lid,used for holding thick liquids that can be squeezed out of it.软管 a tube of toothpast 一管牙膏,c.a part inside the body that is shaped like a tube and through which
17、 air,liquid,etc.管状器官bronchial tubes 支气管,16.define,v.a.to say or explain what the meaning of a world or phrase is b.to describe or show sth.accurately c.to show clearly a line,shape or edgeeg.The term“mental illness”is difficult to define.The difficulty of a problem was defined in terms of how long i
18、t took to complete.The mountain was sharply defined againstthe sky.,Phrases,List:,1.pick up,2.be up to sb,3.hang up,4.a chill of,5.sweep across/over,6.prove to be,7.be worked up,8.make sense,9.care to,10.in/under the circumstances,王新娜毕甜甜,1.pick up,a.to take hold of sb/sth and left them/it up 拿起、举起、提
19、起b.to get better,stronger,etc;to improve 好转，增强；改善eg：She went over to the crying child and picked her up.她走到啼哭的孩子身边，把她抱了起来。Trade usually picks up in the spring.贸易一般在春天回升。,c.to start again;to continue 重新开始；继续d.to buy sth,especially cheaply or by chance（廉价或碰巧买到）e.to notice sth and perhaps react to it 领
20、略；意会；意识到eg:Let us pick up where we left off yesterday.咱们从昨天停下的地方继续吧。We managed to pick up a few bargains at the auction.我们从拍卖场买到了几件便宜货。She failed to pick up on the humour in his remark.她没有领悟他话中的幽默。,2.be up to sb,to be sbs duty or responsibility;to be for sb to decide 是的职责或责任；由决定eg:It is not up to yo
21、u to tell me how to do my job.还轮不到你告诉我怎么做我的事。,3.hang up,a.to end a telephone coversation by putting the telephonereceiver down or switching the telephone off 挂断电话b.to finish using sth for the last time 终止使用某物eg:After I hung up I remembered what Id wanted to say.我挂断电话之后才想起来原本想说的话。Ruth has hung up her
22、 dancing shoes.鲁斯已挂起舞鞋退出舞台了。,4.a chill of,a feeling of fear a chill of fear/apprehension 一阵害怕，恐惧chill out to relax and stop feeling angry or nervous about sth放松；冷静；镇静eg:They sometimes meet up to chill out and watch a movie.他们有时聚在一起，看场电影放松一下。,5.sweep across/over,of feelings to suddenly affect sb stro
23、ngly 突然袭来eg:A wave of tiredness swept across/over her.她感到浑身疲惫。,6.prove to be,if sth proves dangerous,expensive,etc,or if it proves to bedangerous,etc,you discover that it is dangerous,etc,over aperiod of time 后来被发现是，最终显现为syn:turn outeg:The promotion proved to be a turning point in his career.这次提升最后证
24、明是他职业生涯的一个转折点。,7.be worked up,very excited or upset about sth 异常兴奋，十分生气eg:There is no point in getting worked up about it.为此大发脾气也无济于事。work up to sth to develop more gradually towards sth,ussually sth moreexciting or extreme 逐步发展到，逐渐达到（更高或更深的程度）The music worked up to a rousing finale.乐曲渐变到一个激动人心的末乐章。
25、,8.make sense,a.to have a meaning that you can easily understand 有道理，有意义，讲得通b.to be a sensible thing to do 是明智的，是合乎情理的c.to be easy to understand or explain 易于理解，道理明显eg:This sentence does not make sense.这个句子不通。It makes sense to buy the most up-to-date version.买最新的版本是明智的。,John was not making much sens
26、e on the phone.约翰在电话上说得不大清楚。make sense of sth to understand sth that is difficult or has no clear meaning 理解，弄懂（不易理解的事物）,9.care to,to make the effort to do sth 努力做eg：I have done this job more times than I care to remember.这事我都记不清做了多少遍了。would you care for/toused to ask sb politely if they would like
27、sth orwould like to do sth,or if they would be willing to do sth(礼貌问语)您喜欢您愿意您要,eg:Would you care for another drink?您要再来一杯吗？If you would care to follow me,I will show you where hisoffice is.如果您愿意跟我走，我会把您领到他的办公室去。,care for sb/sth,a.to look after sb who is sick,very old,very young,etc 照顾，照料（病、老、幼者等）syn
28、:take care ofb.to love or like sb very much 深深地爱，非常喜欢eg：She moved back home to care for her elderly parents.她搬回家住，以便照顾年迈的双亲。He cared for her more than she realized.她不知道他是多么在乎她。,10.in/under the circumstances,used before or after a statement to show that you have thought about the conditions that affe
29、ct a situation before making a decision or a statement 在这种情况下，既然如此eg:Under the circumstances,it seemed better not to tell him aboutthe accident.在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。,in/under no circumstances,used to emphasize that sth should never happen or beallowed 绝不，无论如何不eg:Under no circumstances should you
30、 lend Paul any money.你无论如何都不能借钱给保罗。,Backgroud,The authors outlinePersonal lifeBibliography,Richard Burton Matheson(born February 20,1926)is an American author and screenwriter,primarily in the fantasy,horror,and science fiction genres.He is perhaps best known as the author of What Dreams May Come an
31、d I Am Legend,both of which have been adapted as major motion pictures.,Personal life,Matheson was born in Allendale,NewJersey,the son of Norwegian immigrantsFanny(ne Mathieson)and BertolfMatheson,a tile floor installer.1 Mathesonwas raised in Brooklyn and graduated fromBrooklyn Technical High Schoo
32、l in 1943.He then entered the military and spent World War II as an infantrysoldier.,Personal life,In 1949 he earned his bachelors degreein thjournalism from e University of Missouri and moved to California in1951.He married in 1952 and has fourchildren,three of whom(Chris,RichardChristian,and Ali M
33、atheson)are writers of fiction and screenplays.,Bibliography,NovelsI Am Legend(1954)filmed as The Last Man on Earth,The Omega Man filmed as The Legend of Hell House7 Steps to Midnight(1993),Short story collections:Born of Man and Woman(1954)Shock!(1961)Shock 2(1964)Shock 3(1966)Shock Waves(1970)Publ
34、ished as Shock 4 in the UK(1980)Button,Button(1970)adapted as a Twilight Zone episode(1986)currently being filmed as The BoxBy the Gun(1993)Button,Button:Uncanny Stories(2008)(Tor Books),TelevisionStar Trek The Original Series:The Enemy Within(1966)The Martian Chronicles Mini-Series:(1979,1980)NonfictionThe Path:Metaphysics for the 90s(1993)Additional readingCalifornia Sorcery,edited by William F.Nolan and William Schafer,孙杨,
