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1、Classification,By Back Stroke,Why do we need to classification?,http:/www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/58.html It is estimated about 30 millions of species in the world.Only 2 millions of them have been formally described.Easy for us to learn all of them,Linnaeus,Invented binomial system.was able
2、to recognise 12,000 species,Are all the dogs belongs to the same species?,Species,a group of organisms with some similar features,capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.,Liger,Ligers are not able produce offspring,Taxonomy,The study of classification is called Taxonomy,Binomial sys
3、tem,Genus species,1.Capitalize the first letter of the first name,Tips,2.Underline both two names or write them in Latin,3.The first name can be abbreviated into just a capital letter,For example:Human Binomial name:Homo sapiens Homo sapiens H.sapiens,Hierarchy of organisms,KPCOF-GSKingdomPhylum Cla
4、ssOrderFamilyGenusSpecies,界门纲目科属种,KPCOF-GSKingdomsPhylaClassesOrdersFamiliesGeneraSpecies,Singular,plural,Human,5 Kingdoms,1.Animal2.Plant3.Fungi4.Protoctists5.Prokaryotes-bacteria-have no true nucleus,Eukaryoteshave nucleus,Bacteria-can be found everywhere,Bacteria-in human digestive system,Help to
5、 digest some certain food,Bacteria-help cows to break down cellulose,Plants need bacteria,Bacteria in roots help to convert nitrogen into nitrogenous salts which are easy for plants to absorb them,Bacteria are responsible to some diseases,Antiboitics kill bacteria,Bacteria can reproduce very rapidly
6、,sometimes we need to use antibioticsto kill them.Antibiotics-abuse is another problem.,Bacteria,Cell wall,Cytoplasm containingribosomes,Cell surface membrane,Capsule,Stand of DNA,Flagellum,Bacteria,Often unicellular(single-celled),Have no nucleus,Have cell wall-not cellulose,Saprophytic or parasite
7、,Fungi,Fungi,Yeast,Mushroom,Fungi,1.Multicellular,2.Have nuclei,3.Have cell walls,4.Have no chlorophyll,5.Saprophytic or parasitic nutrition,6.External digestion,7.Made of hyphae8.Reproduced by forming spores9.No roots,stem and leaves,plant,Flowering plantNon-flowering plant,Algae,Mosses,Moss,Found
8、in damp shaded areafalse root(Rhizoids)No vascular tissuesSimple leavesSimple stems,Ferns,Ferns,Found in damp shaded areaHave vascular tissuesHave rootsReproduced by spores,Gymnosperms,Gymnosperms,EvergreenNeedle-shaped leavesSeeds in cones,Examples:Conifers,Pines,Flowering plant,Dicotyledonous plan
9、t,Monocotyledonous plant,Flowering plant,Have roots,stems and leavesHave xylem and phloemReproduced by producing seedsSeeds produced inside ovary,Examples:grass,maize and lily,Dicotyledonous plant,Dicotyledonous plant,Broad leavesNetwork of branching veinsHave 2 cotyledons inside each seed,Monocotyl
10、edonous plant,Monocotyledonous plant,strap-shaped leavesParallel veinsHave one cotyledon inside each seed,Phylum Vertebrates,Have a backbone or vertebrates,Class fish,Fish,VertebratesScaly skinHave gillsHave finStreamlined body,Class Amphibians,Phylum Amphibians,Vertebrates,Moist&scale-less skin,Egg
11、 laid in water,Larva(tadpole)lives in water,Adult often lives on land,Larva has gills,Adult has lungs,In water,adults can use moist skin to breath,Example:Frog and Toad,Class Reptile,Examples:Snake,turtles and tortoises,Class Reptile,Vertebrates,With scaly skin,Lay eggs with rubbery shells,poikiloth
12、ermic,Class bird,Class bird,Vertebrates with feathersForelimbs have become wingsLay eggs with hard shellsHomeothermicHave a beak,Class Mammals,Class Mammals,Vertebrates with hairHave a placentaYoung feed on milk from mammary glandsHomeothermicHave a diaphragmHeart has 4 chambersHave different types
13、of teethCerebral hemispheres are very well developed,Phylum Arthropods,Several pairs of jointed legsexoskeleton,Crustaceans,Crustaceans,Arthropods with more than 4 pairs of jointed legsNot millipedes or centipedesBreathe through gills,Arachnids,Arachnids,Arthropods with 4 pairs of jointed legsBreath
14、e through gills called books lung,Insects,Insects,Arthropods with three pairs of jointed legs2 pairs of wings(one or both may be vestigial)Breathe through tracheae,Myriapods,Myriapods,Body consists of many segmentsEach segment has jointed legs,Phylum Annelids,Phylum Annelids,Made up of ring-like seg
15、ments,Phylum Molluscs,Phylum Molluscs,Animals with soft,unsegmented bodiesMay have a shell,Molluscs,Phylum Nematodes,Phylum Nematodes,Animals with long thin unsegmented bodies,Viruses are not true living thing,1.A protein shell2.A piece of RNA or RNA inside3.Containing spikes-recognise cell to be in
16、fected,Dichotomous key,To identify unknown organisms,Classification game,http:/,Guess,Instructions:1.Write 3-5 questions,let others to guess what kind of organism you have2.you need to have at least 3 questions related to the organisms characteristics,For Example,1.I am a vertebrate,2.I have wings,3.I have feathers covering my body,4.I am the symbol of peace,5.In ancient time,I worked as postman,Bird-Pigeon,
