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1、Unit Four,Creativity,Creativity,Creativity is the ability to learn from Nature and to use ones imagination.Both of these are full of wonders that are most probably incomparable.,6)29=D in F in a L Y,What Do They Stand For?,Directions:Work in pairs to find in the following equations the missing words
2、,whose initials have been given.Then create similar equations by yourselves.,Example:7=D in a W,Answer:days in a week,letters of the alphabet,wonders of the ancient world,cards in the deck with the jokers,planets in the solar system,players on a football team,days in February in a leap year,1)26=L o
3、f the A,2)7=W of the A W,3)54=C in the D with the J,4)9=P in the S S,5)11=P on a F T,The essential part of CREATIVITY is not being afraid to fail.,CREATIVITY requires the courage to let go of certainties.,Happiness lies in the joy of achievement and the thrill of CREATIVITY effort.,Whatever CREATIVI
4、TY is,it is in part a solution to a problem.,Proverbs and Sayings,In-Class ReadingThe Case for CreativityEncouraging Children to Think,It is introduced in the article how teachers and parents can encourage creativity in children.,Introduction(Para.1),An important strategy for parents and teachers to
5、 follow(Para.2-3),The definition of creativity(Para.4-5),A big problem in school(Para.6),Children can obtain and give back information,but cant figure out ways to apply what they know in new situations.,The approach:Combining the basics with activities where the students must use their imagination.,
6、A new approach to teaching(Para.7),How to do so:By asking questions and meanwhile praising their ideas and new thoughts.,How to facilitate the process:To create an atmosphere in which there is no risk in being creativea place where wild ideas are honored and valued,never scorned or dismissed.,To inv
7、olve children in decision making.,Things parents can do at home to encourage creativity(Para.8-10),To help children to understand the consequences of various decisions.,To encourage them to talk out loud about things they are doing.,To show a sense of humor.,To give children choices from their earli
8、est age.,It is a strategy that more and more companies are employing and one that experts around the country say we ought to be following with our children,both at home and at school.(Line 11),It is a strategy that强调句型,强调句子的宾语strategy。句中 的one指 strategy。,译 文,Example,这样好的机会我们一定不能错过。,It is such a good
9、opportunity that we should not/must not miss.,人们在空气中呼吸，食物在土地上生长。,It is in the air that people breathe.It is in the soilthat the food grows.,只有当压力失去控制时才会使人表现失常，健康不佳。,It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.,这种策略已被越来越多的公司所采用，而且全国各地的专家认为，对孩子也应仿
10、效这种做法，无论是在家里还是在学校。,It is a strategy that more and more companies are employing and one that experts around the country say we ought to be following with our children,both at home and at school.(Line 11),Creativity is not something one is just born with,nor is it necessarily a characteristic of high
11、intelligence.(Line17),译 文,nor is it 为倒装句。当表示否定意义的词或短语如 neither,nor 等位于句首时，句子要倒装。,Example,无论如何他都不会放弃那个试验。,In no case will he give up the experiment.,我对整个事件一无所知，他也一样。,I am totally ignorant of the whole thing,nor is he.,中国任何时候在任何情况下都不会首先使用核武器。,At no time and under no circumstances will China be the fir
12、st to use nuclear weapons.,be born with 意为“生来就有”,说话的能力是天生的。,The ability to speak is born with.,她生来富贵。,Shewasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth.,Example,Creativity is not something one is just born with,nor is it necessarily a characteristic of high intelligence.(Line17),创造性并非与生俱来，也不一定就是高智慧的特征。,For examp
13、le,instead of simply asking WHEN Columbus discovered the New World,teachers might ask students to think about what would have happened if his trip had taken him to New York first instead of to the Caribbean area.(Line34),what would have happened if his trip had taken him to New York first instead of
14、 to the Caribbean area是think about的宾语从句，用虚拟语态表示对过去发生事情的假设。,构成与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句的形式是：主句用would have done sth.从句用had done sth.如果主句是现在，从句是过去，则用混合虚拟语气，其形式为：从句：if+过去完成时，主句：主+would/should/could/might+动词原形,译 文,如果昨晚你没有看那个晚间电影，你就不会在课堂上睡着了。,If you hadnt watched that late movie last night,you would not be sleepy in
15、class.,如果迪克德鲁在1925年听从了他老板的话，那么今天我们就不会有这种我们认为很实用、很重要的产品 遮护胶带了。,If Dick Drew had listened to his boss in 1925,we might not have a product that we now think of as practically essential:masking tape.(line 3-4,Para.2),Example,Example,如果她早点受到警告，她就不会违反规定了。,If she had been warned earlier,she wouldnt have br
16、oken the rules.,如果信当时送出去了，那一定就毁了我们的友谊。,If the letter had been sent out,it would have ruined our friendship.,instead of 代替，而不是,我们与其整夜看星星，还不如去拜访一下星星也为之感到逊色的美人。,Instead of out watching the stars,let us visit oneat whose beauty the stars grow pale.,有些老师在课堂上不是开发孩子的创造性，而是逼孩子背很多枯噪 无聊的事实和数据。,Instead of deve
17、loping childrens creativity in class,some teachers push children to memorize a lot of boring facts and figures.,Example,Example,代表们决定继续他们的会议，而不是中断去吃午餐。,The delegates decided to go on with the meeting instead of breaking off for lunch.,惊慌之中我踩上了油门而不是刹车。,InapanicIpushedtheacceleratorinsteadofthebrake.,
18、比如，教师不再简单地问学生哥伦布何时发现了新大陆，他们可能让学生思考如果哥伦布首先到达的不是加勒比地区而是纽约，情况又会怎样。,For example,instead of simply asking WHEN Columbus discovered the New World,teachers might ask students to think about what would have happened if his trip had taken him to New York first instead of to the Caribbean area.(Line34),Expert
19、s say that it is important to create an atmosphere in which there is no risk in being creativea place where wild ideas are honored and valued,never scorned or dismissed.(Line45),译 文,there is no risk in doing something 意为“做某事很安全，没有风险”。类似说法有：there is no point/good/use(in)doing something意为“做某事没意义/没好处/没
20、用。,你投稿时用真名没有风险。,There is no risk in usingyourtruename when you sent the article to the paper.,每天只幻想是没有意义的，你应该努力去实现梦想。,There is no point in only daydreaming every day;you should work hard to have it realized.,Example,人们觉得全球化已不可避免，抵制它是无用的。,People feel that globalization is inevitable and that there is
21、 no use in resisting it.,专家认为必须创造一个可以自由发挥创造力的氛围，一个尊重和赞赏而不是鄙视或不理会大胆想法的环境。,Experts say that it is important to create an atmosphere in which there is no risk in being creativea place where wild ideas are honored and valued,never scorned or dismissed.(Line44),That elementary school offered many opportu
22、nities to its pupils to display their creativity.,creativity(n.)(title)(=creativeness)the ability to produce new and original ideas and things;imagination and inventiveness 创造力,创造,那所小学为学生提供了很多展示创造力的机会。,Translation,那位舞蹈演员在舞台上的创造力相当地惊人。,That dancers creativity on the stage is rather amazing.,动词形式：crea
23、tev.to cause(something new)to exist;produce(something new)创造,创作,引起,造成,Exercise,That project will _ for the local people.那个工程将会给当地人创造数百个就业就会。,create hundreds of job,Shakespeare had _ in his plays.莎士比亚在他的戏剧作品中塑造过各种不同的人物。,created many different kinds of,请完成下面的句子。,opportunities,characters,相关词语,creative
24、adj.有创造力的；创造性的；独创的,creation n.1)创造；建立 2)作品；创造物,构词法-ity 是一个名词后缀，表示“状态，性质，程度”等。如：,complexity 复杂(性),复杂的事物,extremity 末端,极端,极度,familiarity 熟悉；通晓；亲密；精通,humanity 人性；人类；博爱；仁慈,popularity 普及,流行,声望,reality 真实,事实,本体,逼真,generality 一般性,practically(adv.)(Line 4,Para.2)1)almost;nearly 几乎，简直,The NBA of this season i
25、s practically over.,本赛季的NBA快要结束了。,Translation,几乎所有成龙主演的电影都和中国功夫有关。,Practically all the movies starring Jackie Chan(Cheng Long)are closely related to Chinese kungfu.,2)relating to experience,reality or action rather than ideas or imagination 实际上,在许多人心目中，上海实际上已经成了东亚地区的金融与文化中心。,In many peoples mind,the
26、 city of Shanghai has practically become the center of finance and culture of East Asia.,Translation,实际上大多数的中国节日都要比西方的节日更具有文化魅力。,Practically most Chinese festivals are more culturally attractive than the western ones.,形容词形式：practical 实际的,实践的,实用的,应用的,有实际经验的,strategy(Line 11,Para.3)n.1)the art of plan
27、ning in advance the movements of armies or forces in war 战略；战略学,Exercise,_ are different concepts.战略和战术是不同的概念。,Strategy and tactics,_ play a vital role on the battlefield.战略家在战场上扮演着至关重要的角色。,Masters of strategy,请完成下面的句子。,2)a particular plan for gaining success in a particular activity,e.g.in a war,a
28、game,or a competition,or for personal advantage 策略；计谋,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,Adopting appropriate _ eventually turned that company round.采用合适的营销策略最终使那家公司扭亏为盈。,It is necessary for us to _ to deal with the current situation.我们有必要制定策略来应对当下的局势。,work out a strategy,marketing strategies,function(Line 14,Para.
29、3)v.(esp.of a thing)to be in action;work;operate 活动,运行,行使职责,This computer is not functioning/does not function properly.,这台电脑坏了/有点儿毛病。,Translation,This cell phone can also function as an Mp3 player.,这款手机还有MP3 的功能。,n.a natural or usual duty(of a person)or purpose(of a thing)职责，职能；功能；作用,请完成下面的句子。,Exer
30、cise,Downloading games from the Internet is one of the _ of that electronic dictionary.从网上下载游戏是那款电子字典的主要功能之一。,_ is to lead his team to get victory of various matches.教练的职责是带领球队去取得各种比赛的胜利。,The function of a coach,key functions,相关词语：functional adj.功能的,reach beyond(Line 15,Para.4),我够不到麦克风，能把它递给我吗？,The
31、microphone is beyond my reach.Would you please pass it to me?,Translation,药品应该放到孩子够不到的地方。,The medicine should be kept beyond the reach of children.,beyond prep.(表示范围，限度)超出,beyond及其相关短语如：,beyond ones reach=beyond the reach of somebody在某人伸手够不着的地方,类似短语包括：beyond ones target 超过了指标;beyond ones power/abili
32、ty是某人力所不能及的，beyond the range of 超出了范围或射程,很多村庄的粮食产量都超过了指标。,Many villages have gone beyond their targets for grain production.,Translation,我很遗憾的告诉你我没有释放他的权利。,Im sorry to tell you that to set him free is beyond my power.,相关反义短语：within ones reach 可够得到的；within ones power是某人力所能及的；within the range of 在范围或射
33、程之内,approach(v.)(Line 16,Para.4)1)to begin to consider or deal with 开始考虑；开始着手；动手处理,Translation,There are three ways to approach this problem.,处理这个问题主要有三种方法。,He approached the lawyers advice with caution.,他开始认真地考虑律师的建议。,2)to come near or nearer(to)in space,time,quality,or quantity 接近；走近；靠近,请完成下面的句子。,
34、Exercise,圣诞到来之际，每个人都忙着给亲友准备礼物。_,everyone is busy preparing gifts for their friends and relatives.,那个勇敢的士兵悄悄地靠近了敌人的营房。That brave soldier _.,approached the enemys camp,When Christmas is approaching,approach(line 32,Para.7)n.1)a method of doing something or dealing with a problem 方法,步骤,n.2)the act of a
35、pproaching 走近；靠近,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,It is unbelievable that such a young doctor presented _.那样一位年轻的医生提出了一种治疗癌症的新方法，这真让人难以置信。,a new approach to cancer treatment,我们建议冲突应该用外交途径解决。We suggest the conflicts be settled by _.,diplomatic,approaches,promote(v.)(Line 21,Para.6)1)to help in the growth or develo
36、pment of 促进；发扬；宣传,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,一位好的老板应该知道如何在员工中间发扬团队精神。A good boss should know _.,how to promote team,spirit among his employees,它们正在花巨资为他们的新产品做宣传促销。They are spending large amount of money _.,on,promoting their new products,2)to give(someone)a higher position or rank 晋升；提拔,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,T
37、hat young army officer _ because of his bravery on the battlefield.由于在战场上表现英勇，那位年轻的军官被提升为陆军上尉(captain)。,was promoted to(the rank,After that win,our team _.在那场胜利之后，我们的球队终于晋升为中国足球超级联赛的球队。,was eventually promoted,to the Chinese Football Super League,of)captain,3)to help actively in forming or arranging
38、(a business,concert,play,etc.)积极筹划,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,Lenovo Group _between Chinese national team and Manchester United from England.联想集团正在筹划一场英格兰曼联队和中国国家队的足球友谊赛。,is promoting a friendly soccer match,_ needs the financial support of the local enterprises.筹办这样一场大型的演唱会需要当地企业的资金支持。,To promote such a gr
39、and singing concert,sacrifice(Line 23,Para.6)v.to lose or give up sth useful or important,esp.for good purpose or to gain a desirable result 牺牲；献身,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,It is the factorys decision to _ for the sake of long-term growth.工厂决定为了长远的发展而牺牲短期的利润。,sacrifice short-term,She _ for the preparation
40、of the upcoming TOEFL exam.她已经把自己的大部分业余时间用来准备即将到来的托福考试。,has sacrificed most of her leisure time,常用结构：sacrificefor 为牺牲,profits,n.(a)loss or giving up of something of value,esp.for what is believed to be a good purpose 牺牲，献身,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,Chinese table tennis team _ to continue their routine trai
41、ning.中国乒乓球队放弃春节假日继续日常训练。,gave up the spring festival,The twins parents _ topay for their education.那对双胞胎的父母为供他们上学而做出了巨大的牺牲。,made great sacrifices,常用结构：make a sacrifice for/to do为做 出牺牲;give upas a sacrifice 牺牲,holiday as a sacrifice,multiplication(n.)(Line 28,Para.6)n.the process of adding a number t
42、o itself a particular number of times 乘法运算,23=6 is an easy example of multiplication.,二三得六就是乘法的一个简单的例子。,Translation,My neighbors son could recite the multiplication tables at the age of three.,我的邻居的孩子三岁就能背乘法表。,动词形式：multiplyv.1)to combine by multiplication 乘,3 multiplied by 9 is 27.,三乘九等于二十七。,to mult
43、iply five by three,以三乘五,v.2)to greatly increase in number or amount(大量地)增加,Translation,American military expenditure has multiplied in the last five years.,美国的军费开支在过去五年中有大量的增加。,Self-confidence could multiply ones chances of success.,自信可以增加一个人成功的机会。,automatically(adv.)(Line 61,Para.10)self-movingly;a
44、ble to work or be worked without attention 自动地；机械地,形容词形式：automatic(esp.of a machine)able to work or move by itself without operation by a person 自动的；自动化的,那台机器配有自动温控系统。,That machine has an automatic temperature control.,自动步枪要比普通步枪威力大。,An automatic rifle is more powerful than a traditional one.,自动洗衣机,
45、an automatic washing machine,Translation,自动变速器（机动车辆的自动换档系统）,automatic transmission,2)done without conscious thought,esp.as a habit 习惯性的；不经思考的；机械的,I automatically told him everything happened after we parted because I cant help myself.,因为我无法控制我自己，所以我不假思索地告诉了她我们分开后发生的一切。,Translation,Avoiding making so
46、me automatic mistakes in routine jobs is not an easy thing.,在日常工作中避免一些习惯性的错误并不容易。,相关词语：automate v.使自动化,自动操作automation n.自动控制,自动操作,A lot of people have lost their jobs because of industrial automation.,由于工业自动化，很多人失去了他们的工作。,Translation,There is still a long way to go to realize agricultural automation
47、 in our country.,在我国实现农业机械化还有很长的路要走。,Creativity is a key to a bright future.,Creativitys benefits reach beyond music and art.,thinking and developing new ideas,具有创造性是通向光明前程的关键。,创造性的裨益不仅限于音乐和艺术领域。,动脑筋搞创新,Creativity is not something one is just born with.,创造性并非与生俱来。,multiplication tables;story problem
48、s in math.,workable ideas,乘法表；数学中的应用题,切实可行的想法,to understand the consequences of various decisions,了解不同决策带来的各种后果,By nature,humor crosses conventional boundaries and break patterns.,从本质上看，幽默通常跨越常规界限，打破固有模式。,处理英语长句的翻译技巧 倒置法,处理英语长句的翻译技巧,（三）倒置法,倒置法是指在某种程度上将原文分段为若干个短小的句子，然后按照汉语逻辑与习惯表达的方式重新进行安排，这样原文的语序有全部或
49、局部的变换，甚至译文各分句的顺序有可能与原文恰恰相反。,It is extraordinary that in all the years the British spent in Egypt they never got to know the real people of Egypt.（部分倒置）,英国人在埃及消磨的岁月如此之长，而对真正的埃及人民却一无所知，这点颇不寻常。,Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the p
50、rivilege of becoming white-collar workers.（部分倒置）,许多人常常宁愿牺牲较高的工资以换取白领工人的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。,And he knew how ashamed he would have been if his girl friend had known his mother and the kind of place where he was born,and the kind of people among whom he was born.（全部倒置）,他出生在这类人中间，出生在这样的地方，他有这样的母亲，这些如果让他女朋友
