《翻译第四讲名词性从句一.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《翻译第四讲名词性从句一.ppt（30页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、名词性从句（一）,名词性从句,名词从句是指行使名词功能的从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及补语从句。,主语从句从句作主语,主语从句主要由that,what,whether,how以及其它词引导，还有就是由代词it作形式主语。_(他在这场事故中幸免于难)is a miracle.,That he survived the accident,提示：尽管that并没有实际含义，但是他起到引导主语从句的功能，在这里不可省略。,主语从句从句作主语,_(他喜欢做的事情)is ignored by society as of no value or importance._(他是如何设法
2、完成这项工作的)is of interest to us all._(结果是否有价值)depends partly on our attitudes towards it.,What he enjoys doing,How he managed to finish the job,Whether the results will be valuable,提示：whether 引导的主语从句位于句首时，whether不能由if 代替。,主语从句从句作主语,有时为了句子平衡，通常在主语处使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句后置。1.对于以连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语代替主语从句：It
3、s vital _(他知道这件事).It was intended _(你当候选人).,that he should know about this,that you be the candidate,主语从句从句作主语,2.对于以连接代词（副词）引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代替主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句。_(他们是否会支持我们)was a problem.It was a problem _(他们是否会支持我们).,Whether they would support us,Whether they would support us,主语从句从句作主语,3.对关系代词型what
4、引导的主语从句，通常直接将主语从句放在句首。有时候也可用形式主语：It is clear enough _(他是什么意思).,what he meant,主语从句从句作主语,4.如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的结构：Is it true _(他是那女孩的父亲)?How is it _(你又迟到了)?,he is the girls father,you are late again,主语从句从句作主语,连词that的省略问题：引导主语从句的连词that有时可省略，有时不可省略，其原则是：若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则that不能省略；若that引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句
5、首使用了形式主语it,则that可以省略。,主语从句从句作主语,_(你错过了讲座)was a pity.解析：此句中，that引导的主语从句位于句首，that不可省略。It was a pity _(你错过了讲座).解析：此句中，that可省略。,That you missed the lecture,(that)you missed the lecture,宾语从句从句作宾语,定义：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。分类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。时态：1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。3.主句用过去时，从句是客观真理时
6、，只用一般现在时。,宾语从句从句作宾语,连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether：that引导表示陈述的宾语从句He told me _(他明年上大学).,that he would go to college the next year,宾语从句从句作宾语,if和whether引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句I dont know _(是否还会有公交车).Nobody knew _(他是否能通过考试).,if there will be a bus any more,whether he could pass the exam,宾语从句从句作宾语,If 和whethe
7、r在宾语从句中的区别：1.if 和whether当作“是否”解释时，引导宾语从句常常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介词后一般不用if；We are talking about _(是否让他加入我们的俱乐部).,whether we admit him into our club,宾语从句从句作宾语,2.少数动词，如：leave,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether；3.whether后可以加or not，但是if不可以；I doubted _(他能否通过考试).,whether he could pass the exam(or
8、not),宾语从句从句作宾语,4.在不定式前只能用whether；I cant decide _(是否留下).5.避免歧义时，我们常用whether而不用if。,whether to stay,宾语从句从句作宾语,连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问以外，也可以指陈述。,宾语从句从句作宾语,Do you know _(是谁赢了这场比赛)?The book will show you _(最好的执行总裁应该了解些什么).Have
9、you determined _(是支持美国队还是法国队)？,who has won the game,what the best CEOs should know,whichever you should support,the American Team or the French Team,宾语从句从句作宾语,连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。He didnt tell me _(什么时候我们能再见面).Could you please tell me _(你是怎样使用这台新机器的)?,how you use the
10、 new machine,when we could meet again,宾语从句从句作宾语,None of us knows _(他为什么自杀).Do you know _(这些零件在哪里能买到)?,why he committed suicide,where these parts can be bought,宾语从句从句作宾语,大多数动词都可以带宾语从句，部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句：Can you work out _(这次旅行我们将花费多少钱)?I have found out _(这场音乐会的票都卖光了).,how much we will spend during t
11、he trip,all the tickets for the concert have been sold out,宾语从句从句作宾语,动词短语也可以带宾语从句：常见的动词短语：make sure,make up ones mind,keep in mind等Make sure _(试卷上没有任何错误)before you turn in them.,That there are no mistakes in your papers,宾语从句从句作宾语,可以运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句：1.动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，需要用i
12、t做形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。I think it necessary _(多喝开水)every day.,that we take plenty of hot water,宾语从句从句作宾语,I made it a rule _ every day(我写日记).We all find it important _(对这件事马上做出决定).I feel it a pity _(没去聚会).,that I keep diaries,that we(should)make a quick decision about this matter,that I havent been to t
13、he party,宾语从句从句作宾语,2.有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it，这类动词主要有：hate,take,owe,have,see to（负责，注意，照料）.I hate it _(他们满嘴食物的时候说话).We take it _(你会同意我们的).,when they with their mouths full of food,that you will agree with us,宾语从句从句作宾语,When you start the engine,you must see to it _(汽车的离合器处于空挡位置).,that your car is in neut
14、ral,宾语从句从句作宾语,3.若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可以用it代替。We all consider_(你所说的)to be unbelievable.We discovered _(我们所学到的东西)to be valuable.,what you said,what we had learned,宾语从句从句作宾语,Exercises：1.The court decisions have ordered _(公立学校必须采取必要步骤提供这种教育).2.I cant understand _(他为什么不跟我说话).,that public schools take the necessa
15、ry steps to provide that education,why he avoided speaking to me,宾语从句从句作宾语,3.Many Americans live on credit,and their quality of life _(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的),not how much they can earn.2007.124.The teacher said _(月亮围着地球转).,is measured by how much they can loan,the moon goes around the earth,宾语从句从句作宾语,5.I know nothing about my new neighbor except_(他曾在一家公司上班).6.Im sure _(我会通过所有的考试).7.The reporter asked _(政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱).,that he used to work in a company,I will pass all the exams,if the government would take necessary measures to put down the turbulence,
