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1、第7章 Conversion转译法,Conversion A word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessarily to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language.,Usage,Different expression in English and ChineseFor example:verbsHe admires the Presidents stated decision to fight for
2、the job.他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。,The growing awareness by millions of Africans of their extremely poor and backward living conditions has prompted them to take resolute measures and create new ones.原译：数以百万计的非洲人对于他们非常贫穷落后的生活条件的日益觉醒促使他们采取坚决的措施，创造新的生活条件。改译：数以百万计的非洲人已逐渐意识到他们的生活状况异常贫穷落后，这就促使他们奋起采取坚决的措施创造新的
3、生活条件。,examples,Formality has always characterized their relationship.他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。The President had prepared meticulously for his journey.总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。,Words,Converted into verbsConverted into n
4、ounsConverted into adjectivesOthers,Converted into verbs,Noun-verbsPrep.-verbsAdj.-verbsAdv.-verbs,Nouns-verbs,Nouns derived from verbs(in political articles)examples,examples,The turning point of my life was my decision to give up a promising business career and study music.我生活的转折点是我决定不做发迹有望的商人而专攻音
5、乐。Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。,Until 1972,all efforts by the two nations to curb the nucleararms race had foundered on one point:U.S.insistence on the right to make on-site inspections of the Soviet strategic arsenal and Russias refusal.到1972年为止，美苏之间
6、关于限制核军备竞赛的一切努力都在这一点上失败了：美国坚持有权视察苏方战略武器现场，而苏联则拒绝这样做。,Nouns-verbs,Nouns with the meaning of actionexamples,examples,As the week drew to a close,the enemy rout was complete.一周快结束时，敌人彻底溃退了。The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。A glance through his
7、 office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。,Accounting includes the design of accounting systems,preparation of financial statements,audits,cost studies,development of forecasts,income tax work,computer applications to acc
8、ounting processes,and the analysis and interpretation of accounting information as an aid to making business decisions.会计包括设计会计制度，准备财务报表、审计账目、收入所得税工作和计算机的运用，以及分析与解释有助于制定商业决策的会计信息。,Nouns-verbs,gerundexamples,One of our ways for getting heat is burning fuels.我们获得热的一种方式是燃烧燃料。Heating water does not chan
9、ge its chemical composition.把水加热不会改变水的化学成分。The flowing of current first in one direction and then in another makes an alternating current.电流先向一个方向流动，然后又向另一个方向流动构成交流电。,Nouns-verbs,Nouns with er:teacher,thinker Not refer to their professions or careers but have the meaning of action.examples,examples,
10、I am afraid I cant teach you swimming.I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。Talking with his son,the old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wrong doings.在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年青人过去所干的坏事。,Although he was always the“background”briefer on foreign policy issues,he co
11、uld never be identified as anything other than“a White House official”or“a high Administration source.”虽然外交问题的“背景情况”总是由他介绍，但他仍只能称为是“一位白宫官员”或“一位政府高级人士”。,More examples,She is a well-known singer.歌唱家Some of my class-mates are good singers.我们班同学中有些人唱歌唱得很好。,Nouns-verbs,Nouns,as subjects,in the idioms eg.
12、To have a look at,to have a rest.examples,examples,They took a final look at Iron Mike,still intact in the darkness.他们最后看了铁麦克一眼它依然安然无恙地耸立在黑暗中。The next news bulletin,shorter than usual,made no mention of the demonstration.下一个新闻节目比通常短，没有提到游行。,A great cloud rose from the ground and followed the trail o
13、f the great sun.At first it was a giant column,which soon took the shape of a supramundane mushroom.For a fleeting instant it took the form of the Statue of Liberty magnified many times.一朵庞大的烟云随着一轮巨日从地面升起。它起初是个巨大的圆柱，很快形成了凌云驾空的大蘑菇，一瞬间又变成了一座扩大了许多倍的自由神像。,Prep.-verbs,Prep.With the meaning of action,eg.a
14、cross,past,toward examples,examples,Party officials worked long hours on meager food,in cold caves,by dim lamps.党的干部吃简陋的饮食，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时间地工作。The computer is of high sensibility.这台计算机具有很高的灵敏度。Machine parts of irregular shape can be washed very clean by ultrasonics.用超声波能把形状不规则的机件洗得很干净。,Adj.-verbs,A
15、djectives for consciousness,feeling,desireFor examples:content,confident,certain,careful,angry,sure,ignorant,afraid,doubtful,aware,concerned,glad,delighted,sorry,ashamed,thankful,anxious,grateful,able,familiar examples,If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom,it would be impossible for us to
16、 study nuclear physics.如果我们不知道原子的结构，我们就不可能研究核子物理学。The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint.But I had to be cautious.她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。但是我必须小心谨慎。They are quite content with the data obtained from the experiment.他们十分满足于实验中获得的数据。,The developed countries are rich in skilled work force and
17、 capital resources,so they can concentrate on producing many technology-intensive products such as computers,aircrafts,and so on.发达国家拥有大量的熟练劳动力和资本,所以它们能集中生产许多技术密集型的产品,比如计算机和飞机等.,Adv.-verbs,Adverbs used as predicatives or object complementsexamples,As he ran out,he forgot to have his shoes on.他跑出去时，忘
18、记了穿鞋子。Have the oiling of the parts through before the machine is operated.在开动机器之前，要把部件的上油工作做完。After careful investigation they found the design behind.经过仔细研究后，他们发现这个设计落后了。,Converted into nouns,Verbs derived from nounsVerb in the sentence of passive voice:can be translated into the structure such as“
19、受（遭）到+名词”、“予（加）以+名词”examples,Verbs derived from nouns,Verbs derived from nounsVerbs coming from nounsexamples,Verbs derived from nouns,The development of scientific research in China is characterized by the integration of theory with practice.中国科学研究发展的特点是理论联系实际。As the war progressed,he would symboli
20、ze their frustrations,the embodiment of all evils.随着战争的进行，他成了他们受挫的象征，成了一切坏事的化身。To them,he personified the absolute power.在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。,Verbs coming from nouns,In the early dawn,the guard towers were silhouetted against the sky.黎明时，天空映出了嘹望塔的轮廓。Most U.S.spy satellites are designed to burn up in th
21、e earths atmosphere after completing their missions.美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使命后，在大气层中焚毁。Some of them were already planning to staff a Humphrey Administration in the event the Democratic candidate won an election.他们中间有些人，已经在为民主党候选人一旦获胜后的汉弗莱政府计划人事安排。,Verb in the sentence of passive voice:can be translated
22、 into the structure such as“受（遭）到+名词”、“予（加）以+名词”,examples,examples,Snow was treated very shabbily by the U.S.press and officialdom during this period,victimized for his views.在这期间，斯诺受到了美国新闻界和政界极不公正的对待，由于他的观点，他受到了迫害。Throw a tennis ball on the floor.The ball bounces back.In the same way,when light fal
23、ls on certain things it bounces back.When this happens,the light is said to be reflected.将网球扔到地板上，球会弹回来。同样，光照到某些物体上时也会弹回来。这种情况叫做光受到反射。,Satellites,however,must be closely watched,for they are constantly being tugged at by the gravitational attraction of the sun,moon and earth.由于经常受到太阳、月亮和地球引力的影响，卫星活动
24、必须加以密切的观察。,Adj.-nouns,The+adj.:the sick病号,the poor穷人 the old,the infirm,the ill,the very young老、弱、病、幼者。Othersexamples,examples,He was eloquent and elegant-but soft.他有口才、有风度，但很软弱。The Wilde family were religious.王尔德全家都是虔诚的教徒。They are considered insincere.他们被认为是伪君子。,Converted into adj.,Nouns derived fr
25、om adj.Nouns+a(n)used as predicativesadverbs,Nouns derived from adj.,The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。The security and the warmth of the destroyers sick bay were wonderful.驱逐舰的病室很安全也很温暖，好极了。He talked for some time with Bundy,and his questi
26、ons reflected the enormity of his doubts.他同邦迪谈了一会儿，他提出的问题反映出他有很大的怀疑。,Nouns+a(n)used as predicatives,He is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer.他对电子计算机的操作是陌生的。The blockade was a success.封锁很成功。Independence thinking is an absolute necessity in study.独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。,adverbs,As verbs are
27、 converted into nouns in Chinese,the adverbs modifying verbs turn into adjectives.examples,examples,In science and engineering,it is of great importance to state the laws and principles accurately.工程学方面，定律和原理的正确叙述非常重要。The wide application of electronic computers affects tremendously the development
28、of science and technology.电子计算机的广泛应用，对科学技术的发展有极大的影响。,adverbs,The adverbs before or after the verbs,which in meaning are used as the attributive,can be translated into Chinese as adjectives.examples,examples,The power plant supplies the inhabitants sixty li about with electricity.这个电厂供电给周围六十里的居民。The
29、buildings around are mostly of modern construction.附近的建筑物大部分是现代化的。,Other words,Adj.&adv.Nouns&adv.,Adj.&adv.,When the noun is converted into verb,the adjective modifying the noun can be translated into adverb in Chinese.Eg.Occasionally a drizzle came down,and the intermittent flashes of lightning ma
30、de us turn apprehensive glances toward Zero.偶尔下一点毛毛雨，断断续续的闪电使得我们不时忧虑地朝着零区方向望去。,Adj.&adv.,When the verb turns into noun in Chinese,the adverb modifying the verb can be converted into the adjective.Eg:He routinely radioed another agent on the ground.他跟另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电联络。,Adj.&adv.,The difference betwe
31、en Chinese and English.Eg:This is sheer nonsense.这完全是胡说。He was in a clear minority.他显然属于少数。,Nouns and adv.,Nouns converted into adverbsexamples,examples,When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist,his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。The ne
32、w mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。,Nouns and adv.,Adverbs converted into nouns examples,examples,He is physically weak but mentally sound.他身体虽弱，但思想健康。They have not done so well ideologically,however,as organizationally.但是，他们的
33、思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。,exercises,Translate the following sentences into good Chinese.Pay attention to the translation of the italicized words.An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.On the walk through the city they saw breadlines.He is no smoker,but his father is a ch
34、ain-smoker.He has already made mention of the matter in his speech.Up the street they went,past stores,across a broad square,and then entered a huge building.,exercises,They were suspicious and resentful of him.The successful fishermen of that day were already in.On that day they were escorted to th
35、e Great Wall of China.His image as a good student was badly tarnished.They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf.,exercises,I recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries.Warm discussions arose on every corner as to his achievements.Ive often wondered,in the
36、years since,whether I made the right choice.The sun rose thinly from the sea.He had the kindness to show me the way.,answers,读一点世界史，对学习时事是有帮助的。在走过市区的时候，她们看见领救济食物的人排着长队。他倒是不抽烟，但他爸爸却一支又一支不停地抽。他在讲演中曾提到过这件事。他们沿着大街走去，经过许多商店，穿过一个大广场，然后进入了一座大厦。,answers,他们不信任他，讨厌他。那天交好运的渔人们都已回来。他们那天和陪同人员去参观中国的长城。他作为一个好学生的形象
37、，已遭受到很大的玷污。他们将为盲人和聋人修建一所学校。,answers,我认识到，通过中间人跟他们打交道是愚蠢的。到处在热烈地讨论他的成就。究竟我这样做是作对了呢，还是作错了？几年来，我经常在纳闷。淡淡的太阳从海上升起。他好意地给我指路。,Exercises and answers,Translate the following sentences into good Chinese.Pay attention to the translation of the italicized words.An acquaintance of world history is helpful to th
38、e study of current affairs.读一点世界史，对学习时事是有帮助的。On the walk through the city they saw breadlines.在走过市区的时候，她们看见领救济食物的人排着长队。,Exercises and answers,He is no smoker,but his father is a chain-smoker.他倒是不抽烟，但他爸爸却一支又一支不停地抽。He has already made mention of the matter in his speech.他在讲演中曾提到过这件事。Up the street they
39、 went,past stores,across a broad square,and then entered a huge building.他们沿着大街走去，经过许多商店，穿过一个大广场，然后进入了一座大厦。,Exercises and answers,They were suspicious and resentful of him.他们不信任他，讨厌他。The successful fishermen of that day were already in.那天交好运的渔人们都已回来。On that day they were escorted to the Great Wall o
40、f China.他们那天和陪同人员去参观中国的长城。,Exercises and answers,His image as a good student was badly tarnished.他作为一个好学生的形象，已遭受到很大的玷污。They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf.他们将为盲人和聋人修建一所学校。I recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries.我认识到，通过中间人跟他们打交道是愚蠢的。,Exercises and answers,Warm discussions arose on every corner as to his achievements.到处在热烈地讨论他的成就。Ive often wondered,in the years since,whether I made the right choice.究竟我这样做是作对了呢，还是作错了？几年来，我经常在纳闷。The sun rose thinly from the sea.淡淡的太阳从海上升起。He had the kindness to show me the way.他好意地给我指路。,
