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1、英语句子概论,Step 1,句子的种类,（一）按使用目的可分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句.,1）陈述句:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法.光比声速度快.这部电影很乏味.,Light travels faster than sound.（说明事实）,The film is rather boring.（说明看法）,2）疑问句:提出问题,有以下四种:A.一般疑问句:你能按时完成工作吗？B.特殊疑问句:什么使得你如此伤心？你怎么知道那件事？C.选择疑问句:你是要茶还是要咖啡？D.反意疑问句:他不认识她,对不对？,Can you finish the work in time?,How do you
2、know that?,Do you want tea or coffee?,He doesnt know her,does he?,What made you so upset?,3）祈使句:提出请求,建议或发出命令，省略主语you的句子。,Work hard,and you will succeed.,4）感叹句:表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪.由how 和what引导,好好干，你就会成功的。,多好的消息啊！,What good news it is!,How good the news is!,句子的分类,Step2,句子成分详解,简单句基本句型,Basic Sentence Patte
3、rns,主语 不及物动词（S+Vi）主语 系动词 表(S+LV+predicative)主语 及物动词 宾语(S+Vt+O)主语双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语(S+Vt.+O+O.compl)There+be/stand/lie/live.There lies a book on the desk.,简单句的五种基本句型,主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2-4个基本成分。定语及状语可以称为附属句子成分。,nounadj./adv.infinitive
4、V-ing V-edetc.,主语,谓语,宾语,表语,Vt,V-l,Vi,Noun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitive,Noun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitive,英语句子基本成分示意图,be/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/lie become/get/grow/turn go/come/remain/keeptaste/smell etc.,nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.,基本句型 一+（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特
5、点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,基本句型 二+（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类，表示情况；get,grow,become,turn,go等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand,其 它系动词,状态：se
6、em,appear,prove-感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look-变化：become,get,turn,go,come,grow-持续：remain,stay,keep,continue-,基本句型 三+（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,基本句型 四+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来
7、连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。,基本句型 五+（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,Summary,You are sitting on the train home.There comes the bus!The egos potential for expansion is limitless.Breckenridge hosts the international Snow Sculpture Championships.There exi
8、sted a nation in the ocean.Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday.We think it our duty to study well.,主+动（SV）,主+动（SV）,主+系+表（SVP）,主+动+宾（SVO）,There be 句型,主+动+间宾+直宾（SVOiOd）,主+动+宾+补（SVOC）,判断下列句子属于何种句式,Exercises:,1.把下列简单句按基本句型分类：,No body is here.2.He passed me a cup of tea.3.Tom doesnt know the pop
9、star.11.I can swim.4.My mother stays at home.5.The milk tastes good.6.The car caught fire.7.The teacher has told me the fact.8.He is reading a book.9.He gave me a lecture yesterday.10.She is very friendly.12.I have had a good time.13.I found him talking.14.This English book is very interesting.,主+谓：
10、（）主+谓+宾：（）主+系+表：()主+谓+双宾：()主+谓+宾+宾补：(),4,11,3,6,8,12,1,5,10,14,2,7,9,13,Exercises:,3.翻译下列句子并分析句子结构：,1.我经常在早晨读英语。2.玛丽是个聪明的学生。3.我的老师交给我一封信 4.我母亲经常叫我努力学习。5.我们叫我们的老师王先生 6.他正在房里做家庭作业。,1.I often read English in the morning.,2.Mary is a clever student.,3.My teacher gave me a letter.,4.My mother often asks
11、me to study hard.,5.We call our teacher Mr.Wang.,6.He is doing his homework in the room.,主+谓+宾,主+系+表,主+谓+双宾,主+谓+宾+宾补,主+谓+宾+宾补,主+谓+宾,1）她喜欢集邮.,2）食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口.,3）我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了.,She is fond of collecting stamps.,The food was good,but he had little appetite.,The film had begun when we got to the cinema.,Translate:,Consolidation:Choose a topic and write a short passage:1.My Hometown 2.My Family 3.My School Life,
