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1、Chapter IIIMorphological structure of English words词的形态结构,Main contents1.morpheme2.classification of morpheme3.stem4.base5.allomorph,Aim of learning the forms of English words-acquainted with the forms of words-know the fundamental part of words-guess the meaning of words-know how to appreciate word
2、s used in different discourses,1.morpheme:词素、形素-the smallest meaningful unit of form.It is an association of a given meaning with a given sound pattern.(possess sound&meaning),Morphemes are used to form words.e.g:hunk(1)beastly(2)sheep ish(2)un ex cept ion able ness火/车（1）车辆/菜谱（2）,2.classification of
3、 morpheme*two types of classification2.1.free morpheme/bound morpheme 粘着语素-free morpheme:-stand alone without changing its meaning.e.g:elite,rage 灯，走-bound morpheme:-can not stand alone as a complete utterance e.g:childish hopeful 第，初，老,2.2 roots&affixes A.-root:-the basic unchangeable part of a wor
4、d which conveys the fundamental meaning of the word and can not be further analyzed.e.g.work,workable,worker-free root=(free morpheme)-can stand alone without changing its meaning-bound root:(属于bound morpheme)-a root that carries the core meaning of the word but can not stand alone as a complete utt
5、erance e.g:theory,theoretical-theor-,B.affix a collective term for the type of morphemes that can be used only when added to another morpheme.(affixational/bound morpheme)affix:(function)-inflectional affix 屈折词缀-derivational affix 派生词缀,inflectional affix(morpheme)-express the meaning of plurality,te
6、nse and comparative or superlative degree e.g:boys called faster-not usually change word classes-not form new words with new lexical meaning,derivational affix:-are affixes which are added to other morphemes to create new words.e.g:react debone-nik（参加或介入的人）-change the word class-change the meaning o
7、f a word it is attached.,Exercise Analyze the following words and show how many morphemes each of them contain.unjust speaker refill vital sun man soldier kindness lower unacceptable potatoes working indisputable,3.stem词干-part of the word form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been re
8、moved.undesirables(stem)kindnesses desired greenhouses chairs stronger(root,stem),4.Base:词基-is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added.root/stem-均可叫base（boxes)stem/base/root的区别：root:不可被进一步分析(works)base:可以被进一步分析(workers)stem上只能加屈折词缀,5.allomorph(形位变体）,s-/s/z/iz/works/s/,dogs/z/,watches/iz/i
9、n-的变体为im-,il-,ir-incorrect impolite illiterate irrugular,The same morpheme s has variants of/s/z/iz/in different context.同一词素在不同的构词环境中可以有不同的变体。Allomorphs are the realization of a particular morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds.,Question:1.Do you think some knowledge of morphology is important for an English learner?2.What is morphology?3.What is the difference between free morpheme and bound,
