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1、Subjunctive Mood,含义,动 词 形 式,与事实相反,If 从 句,过去,现在,将来,主 句,did/were,had+done,did/were,were to+do,should+do,would/should/could/might+do,would/should/could/might+have done,1.虚拟条件句,3,4,1 If someone gave you a valuable painting as a present,what would you do with it?2 If you became the head of the United Nat
2、ions,what would you do first?3 If you travelled anywhere in the world,where would you go and what would you do?,(the present),5,4,1 If someone had given you a valuable painting as a present,what would you have done with it?2 If you had become the head of the United Nations,what would you have done f
3、irst?3 If you had travelled anywhere in the world,where would you have gone and what would you have done?,(the past),5,1 If someone gave you a valuable painting as a present,what would you do with it?2 If you were to become the head of the United Nations,what would you do first?3 If you should trave
4、l anywhere in the world,where would you go and what would you do?,(the future),5,省略if的倒装句,e.g.1.If they were here,they would help us.,如果从句中有were，should，had等词，可省略if，并把were，should，had放句首进行倒装。,2.If you had come earlier,nothing would have happened.,Were they here,they would help us.,Had you come earlier
5、,nothing would have happened.,3.If they should be here tomorrow,they would help us.,Should they be here tomorrow,they would help us.,省略if的倒装句,注意：1 条件句中必须有should,were或者had才能省略。2 倒装之后用一般疑问句来检验。假如他那是时不是个党员，他就不会就那个男孩了。（用省略if的倒装句）Had he not been a Party member,he wouldnt have saved the boy.3 否定词not只能留在助于
6、后面，不能移到主语前面。,含蓄条件句的虚拟语气,假设情况不以if条件句表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语，不定式表现出来。如without,but for,but,otherwise,because,or等。,含蓄条件句的虚拟语气,If I had not lost her phone number,I would have rung her up.(用otherwise,but和or分别造句)I lost her phone number.Otherwise,I would have rung her up.I would have rung her up but I lost her p
7、hone number.I lost her phone number or I would have rung her up.,含蓄条件句的虚拟语气,要不是有。(but for,without,if it were not for,if it had not been for)If you had not helped me,I would not have the chance to go to school.Without/but for your help,I would not have the chance to go to school.,含蓄条件句的虚拟语气,If it had
8、 not been for your help,I would not have the chance to go to school.But for your help,I would not have the chance to go to school.If it were not for his presence now,I would punish you.But for his presence,I would punish you.If it had not been for his presence yesterday,I would have punished you.But
9、 for his presence yesterday,I would have punished you.,错综条件句是指条件从句中的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致。动词的虚拟形式要根据时间做出相应的调整.e.g.If she hadnt studied hard,she wouldnt speak English so well.,If he _ his legs yesterday,he _ with us now.A.hadnt hurt;would go B.hadnt hurt;would have goneC.didnt hurt;would go D.didnt hurt;w
10、ould have gone,错综时间条件句,17,19,21,含义,动 词 形 式,例句,I wish you had told me earlier.,Did/were,Had done,对现状表达愿望,would/could/might+do,对过去表示遗憾/后悔,对将来表达愿望,I wish I had a little lab of myown.,I wish he couldcome tomorrow.,2.wish 后的宾语从句=if only,注意：,1 wish 后面跟的宾语从句一定要用虚拟语气。2 hope 没有虚拟语气可以说hope that/hope to do,但是不
11、能说hope sb to do3 以下情况是可以实现的：wish sb to do,wish sb sthI wish you to be a scientist.We wish you a merry Christmas.,含义,动 词 形 式,例句,It appeared as if nothing had happened.,Did/were,Have done,现在,would/could/might+do,过去,将来,He looks as if he knew the little girl.,The man looked worried,as if something bad w
12、ould happen.,3.as if/as though后的表语或状语从句(与wish相同),含义,动 词 形 式,例句,did,Had done,现在,过去,将来,I would rather he took me over thecrossing.,I would rather youhadnt told me thetruth.,4.would rather后的宾语从句(宁愿),5.动词形式为(should)+do 的虚拟,表示命令/建议/要求的词所带的从句 记住以下动词以及他们的名词。建议：suggest/recommand/advise/propose要求：require/req
13、uest/demand/ask/desire命令：order/command/坚持：insist不过是动词还是名词，不过是主动还是被动，后面带的不管是主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句还是同位语从句，都要用should do,5.动词形式为(should)+do 的虚拟,My suggestion is that we should listen to his opinion first.It is suggested that we should listen to his opinion firstMy suggestion that we should listen to his opinio
14、n first is being discussed.注意当insist硬说，suggest表明，不能有虚拟语气。,5.动词形式为(should)+do 的虚拟,2.Its+adj.+that 的主语从句(adj:necessary/essential/important/natural/strange/possible/impossible,eg.It is important that we should attend the meeting.Its a pity that 可以用虚拟，也可以不用。,3.Its(high/about)time+that 从句+sb should do/sb
15、 did(该是做时候),eg.It is time that we should stop work and go home.It is time that we stopped work and went home.,注意:should 不能省略;动词也可用过去式,6.虚拟语气表示祝愿Long live Chairman Mao!God bless you!May you have a long and happy life!Wish you a happy birthday!,注意:动词用原形,后边用!may+人+do!wish+人+名词!,7.其他句型,Had thought/hoped
16、/expected that+过去时间I had hoped that you could win the match yesterday but you didnt.,对过去的猜测肯定 must have done否定 can/could not have done可能 may/might have done,本应该做（实际没有做，有责备意思）Should have doneShouldnt have done本来有必要作（实际没有做，不含责备意思）Need have doneNeednt have done,Practice,1.If I _(know)her address,I woul
17、d write to her.2.What would you have done if you _(miss)the train?3.If he _(not be ill),he would have done something.4.If it _(snow)tomorrow,we _(get up)early.,5.If you had asked him yesterday,you _(know)what to do now.,knew,had missed,had not been ill,were to/should snow/snowed,should get up,would
18、know,snows,will get up,18,判断以下句子是不是正确的虚拟语气：,If we could finish our work earlier we shall go to the cinema.,2.The doctor suggests that she will not smoke.,3.I wish that it is true.,4.Had you put on more clothes,you would not catch a cold.,shall 改成 should,will not 改成(should)not,is 改成 were,would not ca
19、tch 改成 would not have caught,Translation 1 用if条件句,如果他现在知道这消息，他就会合我争吵的。（事实上，他现在不知道这消息。）假如他过去读过这本小说，他早就讲给我们听这个故事了。假如他明天来这里，他就会帮助我们了。（事实上，他明天不来。用三种形式。）,If he knew the news now,he would quarrel with me.If he had read the novel,he would have told us that story.If he came here tomorrow,he would help us.If
20、 he should come heretomorrow,he If he were to come here tomorrow,he,Translation 2 I wish/if only,要是他昨天已来这里就好了。/但愿他昨天已来这里。要是他现在已在这里就好了。/但愿他现在已在这里。要是他明天会来这里就好了。/但愿他明天会来这里。,I wish that he had come here yesterday./If only he had come here yesterday.I wish that he were here now./If only he were here now.
21、I wish that he would come here tomorrow./If only he would come here tomorrow.,Translation 3 用if条件句的省略式,假如他过去读过这本小说，他早就讲给我们听这个故事了。假如他明天来这里，他就会帮助我们了。（他明天不来。用两种形式。）,Had he read the novel,he would have told us that story.Should he come here tomorrow,he would help us.Were he to come here tomorrow,he woul
22、d help us.,Translation 4,含蓄条件句:假如没有水和空气，人类就不可能生存。(without)要不是有有你的帮助，我昨天就不能完成这项工作。(造两句，一句用but for，另一句if条件句)错综时间条件句:假如你中午吃过饭，你现在就不会那么饿。,Without water or air,man couldnt live.But for your help,I wouldnt have finished the work yesterday.If it had not been for your help,I wouldnt have finished the work y
23、esterday.If you had eaten lunch,you wouldnt be so hungry now.,Translation 5,他现在走得很慢，好像生病似的。（as if）他那时走得很慢，好像生病似的。（as if）我宁可他马上走开。（would rather）我宁可他昨天就离开这里。（would rather）,He walks slowly as if he were ill.He walked slowly as if he had been ill.I would rather he went away at once.I would he had left y
24、esterday.,Translation 6,我们马上离开的建议被忽略了。奇怪的是Tom明天也去那里。是时候该回家了。祝你好运！我本来期待你和你的女朋友今天早晨一起来的。,My advice that we should leave right away is being ignored.It is strange that Tom go there tomorrow,too.It is(high)time that we went home./It is(high)time that we should go home.Wish you good luck!I had expected that you came here together with your girl-friend this morning.,
