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1、Sentence Study,1.We are on a trajectory for global warming to become much more intense unless we begin a concerted rapid shift toward a low-carbon economy.(para.1line2),Notes:trajectory 轨迹，轨道，弹道 ballistic trajectory 弹道轨迹，惯性飞行轨迹on a trajectory:on the way toward e.g.The missile deflected from its traj
2、ectory.The university is on the right trajectory in answering the question“what education can do?”,concerted 协定的，协调的 concerted action 一致行动intense heat/emotion/pain intensive training/care/labor-/economyintense 和 intensive 的意思在相当程度上是交叉的，但是它们经常有细微的差别。当用来描述人的感情或活动时，intense 通常指由内在倾向而来的力量或专心；而intensive更常
3、用于指行为的强度和程度是由外部强加的。,Paraphrase:Human beings are making the earth warmer and warmer to an intolerable degree.Now the only to stop it is for all countries to take actions together to build a low-carbon economy.,2.Fears of an environmental crisis are defining their generation in ways that the Depressio
4、n,World War II,Vietnam and the Cold Wars lingering War Games etched souls in the 20th century.(para.4-line2),Notes:The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II.It started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s.Vietnam:Viet
5、nam War-In the 1950s the United States began to send troops to Vietnam.During the following 25-years the ensuing war killed over 2,5 million people on both sides.Cold war began in 1946 with Winston Churchills Iron Curtain Speech,and ended in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union,a conflict betw
6、een Socialism and Capitalism.,in ways that:以.的方式 e.g.Human shape their environment in ways that other organisms cannot.Water moves in complex ways that no one could ever draw.Paraphrase:Young people nowadays are frightened and impacted by environmental pollution and climate change.The fright is just
7、 like that of people in 20th century who have experienced and suffered from Depression,World War II,Cold War and Vietnam War.These all have left intense painful scars on peoples mind and body.Translation:对环境危机的恐惧正在影响着年轻一代，其影响的方式如同上世纪的大萧条、二战、越战、冷战的“战争阴影”对当时人们心灵的侵蚀一样。,oC would require a CO2 equivalent
8、 concentration-or CO2e,which is a measurement that expresses the global warming potential of all greenhouse gases compared to CO2-in the range of 445 parts per million to 490 parts per million,a highly ambitious target.,Notes：破折号引入的部分可看作是对“CO2 equivalent concentration”的补充解释，不影响主句的语法结构。Paraphrase:oC,
9、we have to keep CO2 equivalent concentration within 445 parts per million to 490 parts per million.This is a mission we must endeavor to fulfill.CO2 equivalent,or CO2e,is a way to measure the global warming degree of all greenhouse gases as compared to CO2.翻译：根据这一分析，温度的上升控制在2-2.4摄氏度就要求二氧化碳当量气体浓度保持在4
10、45-490 ppm的范围内，要做到这一点相当不容易。二氧化碳当量是度量所有温室效应气体对大气温度的影响能力的基本单位。,1.(地)图上未标明的2.未经探测的；未知的,uncharted nt:tid adj.,(of unknown regions)not yet surveyed or investigated同近义词：unknown,sealed,事实上，我们正进入一个未知的地域。,我拥有一张地图，上面有一个以前从未曾标注的岛屿一个被认为只有在神话传说当中存在的地方。,Ive come into possession of a map,an uncharted island,a plac
11、e that was thought to exist only in myth.,In fact we are entering an uncharted territory.,Too much vitamin D is thought to disrupt thebodys calcium levels.,The tornado disrupted broadcasting along the entire coast.,龙卷风使整个沿海的广播都中断了。,过量的维生素D会扰乱人体的钙平衡。,disrupt disrpt vt.破坏；使瓦解；使分裂；使中断；使陷于混乱 destroy,tea
12、r,undermineadj.分裂的，中断的；分散的 divided,scattered,Markets have a terrible tendency to inflict maximum pain on the maximum number of investors.,Unlike other sports the aim of boxing is to inflict bodily harm on an opponent.,和其他运动不同，拳击的目的就是向对手施以身体上的打击。,市场的一个可怕的趋势就是给最多数的投资者带来最多的痛苦。,Inflict inflikt vt.impose
13、 something unpleasant 造成；使遭受（损伤、痛苦等）；给予（打击等)inflict on,Were seeing a lot of competition for resources,which is inevitable in periods of scarcity.,Our brains have a natural tendency to desire eating beyond need,to store in case of scarcity and famine.,我们大脑的自然倾向就是进食和储存能量来防备食物短缺和饥荒。,我们看到了许多对资源的竞争。在资源匮乏
14、时期，这种竞争是不可避免的。,scarcity sksti n.a small and inadequate amount 1.缺乏，不足2.稀少，罕见，难得 shortage,deficiency,Adverse environmental conditions such as dry air,smog,smoke and wind can aggravate the condition.,His bossy attitude aggravated me.,他的跋扈态度惹恼了我。,恶劣的环境例如干燥的空气，烟雾，烟和风等会加重症状。,aggravate rveit v.1.make wors
15、e 加重；使恶化 2.irritate 激怒,extermination ik,st:minein n.消灭，扑灭，灭绝，铲除，根除，消除plete annihilation2.the act of exterminating extinction,eradication,Extermination of species would be the most threatening change,the climate scientist said,as one ecological collapse led to another.,Even with the cold war now over
16、,the spread of nuclear or the theft of unclear materials could lead to extermination on any city of the planet.,虽然冷战结束了，但核武器的蔓延或者核材料的失窃都可能导致这座星球上任何一座城市的覆灭。,气候科学家称,因生态系统的崩溃彼此相连,物种绝种会是最大的威胁。,mitigation mitiein n.缓解，减轻，平静peace,relaxationto act in such a way as to cause an offense to seem less serious2.
17、an attempt to represent an offense as less serious than it appears by showing mitigating circumstances3.the action of lessening in severity or intensity,Mitigation,or emissions reduction,will be at the heart of the deal.,The objective of the study is to enhance the competitiveness of Hong Kong as an
18、 international financial centre in terms of risk mitigation,increased efficiency and cost reduction.,研究的目标是要增强香港作为国际金融中心的竞争力，以求减少风险、提升效率、减低成本。,减少排放将是要要讨论的中心议题。,infrastructure infr,strkt n.基础设施；公共建设；下部构造 the basic structure or features of a system or organization2.the stock of basic facilities and ca
19、pital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or area,To stimulate growth,the government could increase investment in infrastructure.,Were going to work with partners to develop and produce batteries,infrastructure,as well as government policy to speed the acceptance of electric vehicles.,
20、我们将与合作伙伴共同开发、制造电池、兴建基础设施，以及利用政府政策来促进电动汽车被大众接受。,为刺激增长，政府可以增加基础设施投资。,improvidently imprvidntli adv.无远见地，奢侈地 in an improvident manner 词汇扩充improvident imprvidnt adj.not provident;not providing for the future 目光短浅的，无远见的 short-sighted2.not given careful consideration 不谨慎的,The prisoner release ordered in t
21、his case is unprecedented,improvident,and contrary to federal law,he said.,Nowadays,people are getting increasingly improvident and all they want is just immediate pleasure.,目前，人们变得越来越短视了，他们想要的只是眼前的快乐。,他说：“此次释放犯人的指令即无先例，又无远见，也是与联邦法律相违背的。”,incur ink:v.招致，引发；蒙受 过去式incurred 过去分词incurred 现在分词incurring m
22、ake oneself subject to;bring upon oneself;become liable toincur loss/damages遭受损失incur costs承担费用incur obligation承担债务,10,People who smoke incur a great danger to their health.,Needless to say,we shall refund any expenses you may incur.,不用说，我们将会偿还你所担负的任何费用。,吸烟的人给身心带来了很大的危险。,Exercises,Reading Comprehens
23、ionVocabularyClozeTranslationWriting,a.Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.,Reading Comprehension,1.B 2.B.3.A 4.C 5.B,a.Fill in the blanks with correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.,Vocabulary,adverse(2)stark(3)inflict(4)sys
24、tematicallytriggered(6)improvident(7)incurred(8)alternative(9)lost out on(10)settled on,b.Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.,Vocabulary,B(2)C(3)A(4)D(5)B(6)C(7)A(8)D(9)C(10)D,Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of foll
25、owing blanks.Each word can be used only ONCE.Change the form where necessary.,Cloze,embraced(2)sped up(3)running out(4)urgency(5)Initiative(6)specific(7)designated(8)contribute(9)incorporate(10)hampering(11)reward(12)involved(13)adverse(14)adaptive(15)vulnerability(16)alternative(17)context(18)due t
26、o(19)compensation(20)scheduled,a.Chinese to Englishsentences,1.Bending under the weight of the packs,sweating,they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside.,3.In France,unemployment rate soars during the second quarter,and the Minister of Treasury said the situation will con
27、tinue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace/accelerates.It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006.,2.When bored,we tend to concentrate on time passing/elapse,which will trigger such brain activity that it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly
28、.,4.As social practice continues to develop,we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.Social practice continues to develop,so should our mind.We should innovate courageously in light of practical needs.,a.Chinese to Englishsentences,5.Bicycles ar
29、e regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased 3 times(tripled)in the past few years.,7.In order to be a recognized/fully deserved leader in the industry,its essential for a company to improve production quality and tap the overseas market through the help of state-of-th
30、e-art technologies and equipment.,6.The U.S.government has called on people to save water because the scarcity of water has become a source of global tension ecologically,economically and politically.,8.If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas,it might be a good idea to think again.
31、Thats because thousands of Christmas travelers have been stranded/trapped in the U.K.as adverse whether conditions caused massive disruption to the transport infrastructure.,a.Chinese to Englishparagraphs,Scientists say the warming of planet will be gradual,but that extreme weather events will incre
32、ase in frequency and intensity.They say the effects of more storms,floods,droughts and heat waves will be abrupt and profound.The World Health Organization says the effect of so-called climate sensitive diseases already are killing millions of people.Climate change is a global phenomenon.While no co
33、untry will be exempt,she says its consequence will not be evenly distributed.The WHO chief says poor countries that are already struggling with huge problems will be most affected.Fragile health systems in the developing world will come under increased stress.They will have great difficulty coping w
34、ith the increased burden of disease and other health problems.,很多权威的气候学家都曾发出过这样的警告：如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度（3.6华氏度）的话，我们将迈进一个危险的未知国度。何时全球变暖的影响会变得让人难以忍受，没有人知道一个确切的度数。也没人知道这种影响是渐变的诸如干旱，洪水，飓风，热浪等的气候恶化，还是一种突然的灾难性气候变化，如格林兰岛或西南极洲冰盖的坍塌和海平面的上涨。不过我们还是在我们唯一的家园里不断做着危险和不受控制的尝试。这也是为什么越来越多的年轻人开始将气候变化视为他们这一代的挑战。,b.Engl
35、ish to Chinese1.paragraph,(1)双方相信，应对气候变化应该尊重发展中国家把经济和社会发展作为优先事项，并相信向低碳经济转型是促进国家经济持续增长和可持续发展的机会。,b.English to Chinese2.underlined sentences,(2)中美双方决心根据各自国情采取重要减缓活动，并认识到两国在促成加强应对世界气候变化能力的可持续成果方面具有重要作用。双方决心支持这些承诺。,(3)在此背景下，双方致力于在哥本哈根会议达成最终的法律协议，同时相信，在共同但有区别的责任原则和各自能力的基础上，大成的成果应包括发达国家的减排目标和发展中国家的国内适当减缓行
36、动。,(4)基于中美两国在电动汽车领域的巨大投资，两国宣布在十几个城市开展联合示范项目，并努力开发共同的技术标准以推动该产业规模快速增长。,b.English to Chinese2.underlined sentences,(5)通过该伙伴关系，两国将就大规模利用风能，太阳能，先进生物燃料和现代电网等方面制定路线，并在设计和执行这一远景所需的政策和技术手段方面进行合作。,很多权威的气候学家都曾发出过这样的警告：如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度（3.6华氏度）的话，我们将迈进一个危险的未知国度。何时全球变暖的影响会变得让人难以忍受，没有人知道一个确切的度数。也没人知道这种影响是渐变的诸如干旱，洪水，飓风，热浪等的气候恶化，还是一种突然的灾难性气候变化，如格林兰岛或西南极洲冰盖的坍塌和海平面的上涨。不过我们还是在我们唯一的家园里不断做着危险和不受控制的尝试。这也是为什么越来越多的年轻人开始将气候变化视为他们这一代的挑战。,b.English to Chineseparagraph,
