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1、Unit1 Learning a Foreign Language,reward,vt.give something in return for good and valuable doings a)The father rewarded the little boy for cleaning the room.小男孩因为打扫了房间而受到父亲的奖励。b)最终，他的努力得到了回报。Finally,his hard work was rewarded.,n.C,U something as a return for good and valuable doingsa)As a reward for
2、 passing the exams,she got a new bike from her parents.她因为通过了考试，父母给她买了一辆新自行车作为奖励。b)我听说为捉拿那小偷设立了重奖。I hear there is a big reward for the seizing of the thief.,rewarding,adj.satisfying and worthwhile(giving you satisfaction,pleasure,or profit)a)She found the experience very rewarding.她发现这个经历使她受益匪浅。b)教学
3、是一项很有意义的职业。Teaching is a rewarding career.,frustrate,vt.1)cause someone to have feelings of disappointmentShe was frustrated by her failure in the college entrance exam.她因高考失利而灰心丧气。2)cause the failure of something他的态度破坏了我们的计划。His attitude frustrated our plan.,frustrating,adj.making someone feel anno
4、yed,upset,or impatienta)Its frustrating when youre in a hurry and the traffic isnt moving.当你赶时间而交通拥堵、寸步难行时，你会感到十分沮丧。b)Many of the things my father finds frustrating are exactly what my mother finds most rewarding.许多父亲觉得令人沮丧的事，恰恰是母亲认为值得做的。,frustration,n.C,U the feeling of being disappointed,annoyed,o
5、r upset a)Students have spoken of their growing frustration with school administrators.学生们谈到了他们对学校管理层的失望与日俱增。b)This helps patients deal with some of the frustrations they may be feeling.这有助于帮助病人应对他们可能感受到的挫折和失败。,junior,adj.having a low position,level,or ranka)She started as a junior reporter on a loc
6、al newspaper.她是从一家地方报社的初级记者开始干起的。b)他的职责是指导职位在他之下的人。His job is to give instructions to people junior to him.,senior,adj.having a higher position,level,or ranka)They have got effective support from the senior management of the college.他们得到了大学高层管理者的有效支持。b)他的职位比我高。His position is senior to mine.,Cultura
7、l notesIn China,a junior middle school refers to a stage of education after primary or elementary school,and a senior middle school refers to a stage of education after junior middle school and before college or university.不同年级大学生的名称：freshman大一新生sophomore大二学生junior大三年级学生senior大学四年级学生,positive,adj.1)
8、helpful and encouraging in achieving sth.a)If you want to improve your situation you must adopt a positive attitude.如果你想改善你的境况，就必须采取积极的态度。b)The teachers support made me feel better,more positive.老师的支持让我的心情有所好转，也更有信心了。,2)definite;allowing no room for doubta)We are still not positive as to how he died
9、,but when we know more we will tell you.他究竟如何死的，我们还没有得出明确答案，但一旦了解到更多情况，我们就会告诉你的。b)He must be positive before making a decision about whether these workers should be fired.是否解雇这些工人，做决定前他应该有个确切的想法。,former,adj.of an earlier periodThe former president made a speech at the conference.前总统在会上作了演讲。n.(the fo
10、rmer)the first of the two people or things just mentioneda)Of the two possibilities,the former seems more likely.两种可能性中，前者更有可能。b)面对一块巧克力和一本书，大多数人会选前者。Given the choice between a piece of chocolate and a book,most will choose the former.,unlike,prep.not like;different froma)Unlike me,my brother likes
11、to get up early.与我不同，我弟弟喜欢早起。b)He was firm and steady unlike other men she knew.与她认识的其他男人不同，他既刚毅又稳重。,intimidate,vt.create a feeling of fear in somebody a)He said he would never be intimidated by his opponents power.他说他决不会被对手的权势吓倒。b)他一直被关在监狱里直到审判为止，以确保他不能恫吓任何证人。Hes being kept in jail until the trial
12、so that he cant intimidate any of the witness.,medium,n.(pl.media or mediums)a method for giving information a)TV has become the most important medium.电视已成为最重要的媒体。b)他说诗歌是表达情感的最佳载体。Poetry is the best medium for communicating emotion,he says.,adj.of middle size,amout,or quality a)She was of medium hei
13、ght and medium build.她中等身材。b)This is great news for small and medium-sized business,in particular those seeking to grow.对那些中小型企业来说这是个好消息，对于那些寻求发展的公司尤其如此。,access,n.1)U the right to have or use somethinga)Access to students files is restricted.查阅学生档案的权利是受限制的。b)If you do not have access to the Internet
14、,well send someone to help you.如果你还上不了网，我们会让人去帮你。2)C the means of entering a placeThe soldiers guarded the only access to the building.士兵把守着通向那栋楼的唯一通道。,get/have/obtain access to:have the right to have or use something a)Anyone who has got access to secret information knows that they should not pass
15、it on by telephone.任何接触到机密信息的人员都知道绝不能通过电话传递这些信息。b)输入用户名及密码，你就可以获得你的数据。You obtain access to your data by typing in a user name and password.,participate(in):vi.take part(in),a)There are regular class discussions,but some of the students never participate.虽然有定期课堂讨论，但是有些学生从不参加。b)会员可以参加俱乐部组织的任何活动。Member
16、s can participate in any of the activities organized by the club.,virtual:adj.,1)created by the computer to be similar to the experience of real lifeMany virtual communities are growing on the Internet as more and more people want to find new ways to make friends.许多虚拟社区出现在因特网上，因为越来越多的人想通过新的方式交朋友。2）a
17、lmost what is stated a)The king was so much under the control of his wife that she was the virtual ruler of the country.国王完全被他的妻子控制，他的妻子才是这个国家的实际统治者。b)Finding a cheap place to rent is a virtual impossibility in this area.在这一片儿想租到一个便宜的地方根本不可能。,commitment：n.,1)U the hard work and loyalty that someone
18、gives to an organization,activity,etc.a)Its a part-time program,but total commitment is still necessary for completing it.虽然这是一个业余项目，但要完成仍需要全身心的投入。b)Your commitment to the project is very much appreciated by management.管理人员十分感激你在这个项目上的投入。,2)C a promise to follow certain beliefs or actions a)The orga
19、nization has made a commitment to plant 5,000 trees.那个组织已经许诺种植5,000棵树。b)He made a commitment to help all children learn English,but he soon found it impossible without an online course.他承诺要帮助所有孩子学英语，但他很快发现没有网络课程这几乎不可能。,minimum,adj.the least,or the smallest possible a)He couldnt join the police becau
20、se he was below the minimum height allowed by the rule.他不能当警察，因为他的身高没达到规定的最低要求。b)The local shop paid him the legal minimum wage,but worked him twice the legal number of hours.当地的小店付给他法定最低工资，让他干活儿的时间却是法定工作时间的两倍。,n.singular the smallest amout a)The hospital has reduced staffing to an absolute minimum.
21、医院已将员工数量缩减至最低。b)A minimum of 60,000 would be needed to cover fees for two children attending public school.供两个孩子上公立学校的费用至少是六万英镑。,assignment,n.C a piece of work given to a particular person a)Robin spent many lunch hours doing his math assignments.罗宾用了很多午饭时间做数学作业。b)I hate to interruput your conversat
22、ion but we do have an assignment to discuss.我不愿打扰你们的谈话，但是我们确实有一项任务得和你们商量。,embarrass,vt.make someone feel ashamed,nervous,or uncomfortable a)The others embarrassed her when they laughed at her mistake.人们嘲笑她的错误让她感到尴尬。b)The release of these secret documents has embarrassed the administration.这些机密材料的泄露使
23、行政管理部门十分尴尬。,embarrassing,adj.making someone feel ashamed,nervous,or uncomfortable a)It was embarrassing that I couldnt remember his name.好尴尬我不记得他的名字了。b)The child asked me a lot of embarrassing questions.这个孩子问了我许多令人尴尬的问题。,post,vt.put up something on a screen,wall,or notice board a)The Internet will a
24、llow people who want to offer their help to post their names on a website.因特网允许那些想提供帮助的人把他们的名字公布在网站上。b)Ill post a notice on the bulletin board to let others learn about it.我会在公告板上贴一个通知让其他人知道这件事。,reap:vt,1)get something,especially something good,as a result of what one has done a)After seeing my frie
25、nd reap the benefits of hard study,I now believe that hard work pays off.看到我的朋友努力学习，收获多多，我现在相信努力就会有收获。b)The company is starting to reap the rewards of long-term investments.那家公司开始从长期投资中获利。2)cut and gather a crop of grainFarmers are reaping corn in the field.农民们正在地里收割玉米。,benefit,n.C anything that bri
26、ngs help or profit a)The program is bringing benefits to the farmers.这一计划正在使农民受益。b)If you believe the benefits will outweigh the costs,you should open a flower shop.如果你认为收益大于 成本，就应该开个花店。v.be useful or helpful to a)Critics argue that the tax cuts will only benefit large companies.批评人士称减税只能使大公司受益。b)Ke
27、ep reading,you will benefit.坚持读下去，你会从中受益的。,insight,n.C,U an accurate or deep understanding of something a)Studying science gave me great insights into natural law.学习科学知识使我对自然规律有了深刻的了解。b)We help troubled teenagers gain some insight into their own problems.我们帮助问题少年认识他们的问题。,bridge the gap:reduce or get
28、 rid of the difference between two things,a)Learning a foreign language helps us bridge the gap between two different cultures.学习外语有助于缩小不同文化间的差距。b)He bridged the gap between ballet and modern dance.他缩小了芭蕾与现代舞之间的区别。,be worth sth./doing sth.:be rewarding enough for the time,effort,money,etc.,a)The bea
29、utiful town and lovely beaches were well worth the 45-minute drive from our cotage.从我们的小屋到美丽的小镇和迷人的海滩，虽然需要45分钟的车程，但绝对不虚此行。b)Hes decided to have a look at the house for it is well worth buying.他决定去看一看那栋房子，因为它值得买下来。,a)He not only finished his homework,but he also cleaned the room.他不仅做了作业，而且还打扫了房间。b)Th
30、e Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs.英国人和美国人不但语言相同，而且有很多相同的风俗习惯。,not onlybut also,When you use“not onlybut also”to introduce two clauses,you can put“not only”at the beginning of a sentence for emphasis and the sentence order sho
31、uld be inverted(倒装)：a)Not only did he finish his homework,but he also cleaned the room.他不仅做了作业，而且还打扫了房间。b)Not only are the housewives not paid,but also most of their boring work is unnoticed.家庭主妇不仅得不到报酬，而且她们单调的工作大多数不会被人注意。,far from:notat all,usually used to show that a result of action was not expec
32、ted or wanted,a)Far from(being)angry,hes very happy.他一点都不生气，反而很高兴。b)Far from helping the situation,youve just made it worse.你非但对形势没什么帮助，反而使形势更糟。,keep up with:keep the same speed as;go or learn as fast as someone else,a)Im having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class.跟上全班的学习我有点困难。b)Its import
33、ant to keep up with the changes of the time.跟上时代的变化十分重要。,feel like sth./doing sth.:want to have or do something,a)After lying in bed for a whole day,I feel like a walk.在床上躺了一天了，我想散散步。b)Let it go,he thought.He didnt feel like arguing.顺其自然吧，他想。他不想争辩。,give up:stop doing or stop trying to do something,a
34、)Though faced with many difficulties,he would not give up online learning.虽然面临诸多困难，他还是不会放弃网上学习。b)She gladly gave up her part-time job to devote herself entirely to art.她欣然放弃兼职工作，完全投身于艺术。,think out:consider all the aspects and details of something before doing it,a)He chewed at the end of his pencil,
35、thinking out the next problem.他咬着铅笔末端，思考着下一个问题。b)The book is well thought out.这本书构思周密。,come across:meet,find,or discover someone or something by chance,a)The young man would get nervous every time he came across a girl.那个年轻人每次遇到女孩子就紧张。b)I did not come across a bit of difficulty while taking the exam
36、.参加这场考试，我没有遇到什么困难。,trade for:exchange for,a)He decided to trade his car for a truck.他决定用他的小汽车换一辆卡车。b)I would trade my dictionary for your book.我愿意用词典换你的书。,now that:because of something or as a result of something,a)Now that John has arrived,we can begin our class.既然约翰来了，我们可以开始上课了。b)My oldest son and
37、 I are getting along better now that hes getting ready to go to college.我的长子马上就要上大学了，我们相处得也就好多了。,instead of:rather than(something or someone),a)They told him to stay home with his wife instead of going out shopping with friends.他们让他呆在家里陪妻子，而不要和朋友去逛街。b)You should be out for fresh air instead of staying indoors all day.你不应该整天呆在屋里，应该到外面呼吸一下新鲜空气。,reach out to:communicate with;contact,With the introduction of the Internet,we can reach out to our friends by email.由于互联网的使用，我们可以通过电子邮件与朋友联系。,THANK YOU!,
