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1、阅读理解专项讲解,第一讲 事实细节类,文章是通过事实细节来说明其主题的。细节理解题就是为了考察同学们速读全文，了解大意，掌握文章基本事实的能力和速度。,获取“事实细节”的技巧：先读题目，再带着问题看文章紧扣文章，不能脱离原文根据常识想当然的答题。注意文章与选项中使用不同的词句，表示相同的意思。如：The old woman shared the news with her husband(原文)=The old woman told her husband the news(选项),注意：文章的段落结构不同，获取“事实细节”的技巧方法也相应不同。大致可分：寻找具体事实归纳事实综合分析事实,At
2、 the same time after the age of ten,often at eleven or twelve,boys and girls bodies start changing.This time of change is called pubertyAccording to the text the changes in puberty start at the age of _A.8 or 9 B.11 or 12 C.15 or 16 D.17 or 18,根据短文中的具体事实 可知答案是B,Students sit in the classroom listenin
3、g to the teacher.This is a way of learning.Is this the only way for students to learn something?Of course not.Listening to the teacher is _ for students to learn something.A.not a way B.the best way C.the only way D.not the only way,To find the right career,Millan encourages kids to do what they enj
4、oy.“A lot of people dont realize Ive been working with dogs for more than 20 yearslong before my TV show or book.Success followed me because I was following my dream of being the best dog trainer in the world.What does Millan advise children to do when it comes to choosing a job?A.Do what interests
5、them.B.To become a dog trainer.C.Never give up and they will succeed.D.Training is very important.,根据原文，career与题干中job同义，原文中第一句encourage kids to do what they enjoy,和后面的because I was following my dream of.等句子综合分析排除BCD，正确选项是A),第二讲 推理判断类,根据字面意思、事实细节的逻辑关系来推敲作者未明言之意。要求同学们不仅要弄懂文章的意思，更重要的是要知道文章的潜在含义。,用于考查结合
6、所读材料进行推理判断的题干：,根据已知内容，推出未知内容。According to the report,we can infer that _.The writer of this article is probably a _.This passage might be taken from _.,2.推断可能产生的结局When the writer says“others pick it up”at the end,he means_.Which of the following is the most likely reply the doctor gave the woman pat
7、ient at the end of the story?,3.推断没有明说出来的意思The writer says he was glad he did that because _.,4.对人物的总体评价What kind of man would you say the old man was?From the passage we can learn that _,5.对文章中个别短语，语句含义理解的考查。“Every coin has two sides”in the last paragraph means_Which of the following does not go wi
8、th the proverb“When in Rome,do as the Romans do.”?,6.根据文章内容，推测作者的态度和意图What is the writer trying to tell us with this story?The writer may agree that _According to the writer,which of the following is correct?,进行“推理判断”的技巧,通读全文，了解文章内容大意，主题思想和段落结构。以文章提供的事实细节和主题思想为依据推断文章的深层含义、作者情感态度和可能会发生的事情等未言明之意。要注意立足
9、于自用已知来推理未知，不能凭空想象，随意猜测，也不能就事论事，以偏概全。,She was the only woman tough enough to make me read Beowulf and think for a few stupid days that I liked it.From 1938 to 1942,she taught me English,history and a lot more than I realized.“youll play football because you have guts(勇气).But do you know what really t
10、akes guts?Refusing to lower your standards to those of the crowd.It takes guts to say youve got to live and be somebody fifty years after all the football games are over.”58.What can we infer from the passage?A.Carls friends came from poor families.B.Carl hated to read Beowulf in public.C.Miss Bessi
11、e wanted Carl to be a better man.D.Miss Bessie didnt want Carl to play football.,2011西城一模,My father realized it was a good day for fishing and invited my sister and me to go with him.I was only 14 and fishing had never been my thing,but I decided to go all the same.Im so glad I did.51.The author say
12、s“Im so glad I did.”because_.A.he knew where he could see whalesB.he liked fishing in the sea very muchC.he experienced how the whales were savedD.he spent the weekend with his family,2011东城一模,Doing a favour for someone could get you into a lot of trouble.I found out this when I was in the eighth gr
13、ade.Later on,I found out that she thought I had cheated on the test.When she saw me lean over to talk to the girl next to me,it looked as if I was copying answers from the girls test paper.I tried to explain about the pen,but all she could say was it seemed very strange to her that I hadnt talked of
14、 anything about the pen the day she talked to me right after the test.Even if I tried to explain that I was just doing the girl a favour by letting her use my pen,I am sure she continued to believe that I had cheated on the test.Life has taught me that sometimes we just need to mind ourselves well.5
15、.It can be inferred from the text that the authors attitude to his teacher is a kind of.A.anger B.complaint C.understanding D.hate,What they didnt know was that Peter had started walking over to Tommys house,with a faint idea of hiding in Tommys attic（阁楼）for a few days.But something happened on the
16、way as Peter walked past all the familiar landscape of the neighborhood:the fence that he and his mother painted,the tree that he and his sister used to climb,the park where he and his father often took evening walks together.How much would these mean without his family,who make them special in the
17、first place?Peter didnt take the time to answer that question but instead hurried back to his house,wondering if there were any moving cartons（纸板箱）the right size to hold his record collection.What would more probably happen next?A.Peter would bring his records over to the Tommys house.B.Mr.and Mrs.W
18、illiam would call the police.C.Peter would join his family for house moving.D.Mr.and Mrs.William would start searching for Peter.,For many centuries,Latin was the common language between educated people in Europe.But just as the use of Latin slowly disappeared,English may also not remain the world l
19、anguage forever.Many language learners are already expressing an interest in learning Chinese,Spanish and Arabic.(page78,Book6)English may not always be the world language,because _.A.many people speak other languagesB.Latin is going to be the common language againC.people want to learn other langua
20、ges D.it is too difficult to learn,第三讲 主旨大意类,主旨大意题是阅读理解中难度比较大的题型。此类试题主要是对文章的主题大意进行概括或者是选择标题。一般说明文和议论文都有主题句表明主旨大意，而有些文章比如记叙文则往往没有主题句。这就需要同学们根据文章各段落要点、各段之间的内在联系和作者意图进行归纳、概括。,有关主旨大意的题干,Main Idea(主旨大意)This passage is talking mostly aboutThe passage is mainly aboutFrom the passage we can see that The mai
21、n idea of this passage is What does the passage mainly discuss?Title(标题)Choose the best title for the passage.Which title best gives the idea of that passage?,捕捉“主旨大意”技巧,通读全文，弄清文章大意和段落结构，找出主题段和主题句。一般议论文和说明文都有主题段和主题句，且一般在文章首段，也有在中间或尾段的。有些文章如记叙文，往往没有主题句。文章的主题思想隐含在所讲的事件中。这就需要根据文章所讲的事件或各个段落大意总结归纳中心思想即主旨
22、。,Every community usually has a park for people to use.A park is an area set aside for recreation,or fun activities.There is a playground for children.It has swings,slides,or monkey bars to play on.Many parks have football fields,baseball diamonds,soccer fields,and track for running.You can find pic
23、nic tables to sit on while you eat your lunch or dinner.Many parks have trees and a pond or lake to enjoy.A park is where people of the community can relax and have fun when they are not at school or work.What is the main idea of this story?_Parks are places where people relax.You can eat your lunch
24、 in a park.People dont like to work.Many parks have trees.,Thomas Alva Edison spent the first part of his life in Port Huron,Michigan.When he was in sixth grade his teacher said he was addled,not very smart,and so he quit school.Tom began to work selling newspapers and candy on a local railroad.He l
25、iked to experiment and spent all of his money on books and chemicals for his laboratory.When he was about eighteen he invented the automatic telegraph,a machine that sends messages.He began to invent other things and opened a business in New Jersey.Soon he had many people working on his ideas.In 187
26、9 Edison invented the first light bulb,a safer way to light homes and businesses.He later invented the phonograph,batteries,and the movie projector.By the time he died in 1931,Thomas Edison had over 1,000 inventions!What is the main idea of this story?_Thomas Edison quit school in the sixth grade.Ed
27、ison invented the light bulb.Thomas Edison was a great inventor.Thomas Edison was not a smart student.,The main reason why most people never get moving is because they have no real idea about what they want.Without a certain result already set in your mind,it is really difficult to get going,and eve
28、n if you do,your motivation may soon disappear and you give up before too long.In Paragraph Two,the writer wants to _tell us what people need to get success.Show us what people set in their mindInform us why people should practiceExplain why people stop going ahead,2011海淀一模,A healthy diet should con
29、tain all the nutrients（营养成分）such as vitamins,minerals,proteins,fats and carbohydrates（碳水化合物）.Fats and carbohydrates are usually not included as part of the diet in todays“mustbethin”lifestyle.However,they are the energygiving components（成分）.Many factors lead to unhealthy eating habits.Starting in ch
30、ildhood,overweight children are laughed at.You may also have heard your parents talking about losing weight.Some young mothers talk about losing weight to maintain their youthful appearance.In many parts of the world,according to the great amount of advertising and the huge diet industry,beauty and
31、success cannot be got without thinness.Thin models and actors are always in front of us,reminding us how life could be if only we were thinner!Although many children may not develop an eating disorder,the effects of such things will be seen in some other ways.,Genetic（遗传的）factors also play a part in
32、 the development of an eating disorder.A family history of eating disorders not only makes your body weak but also causes emotional,psychological and medical problems.Therefore,one should consider exercise to lose weight and should not get down to eating disorders which may do great harm to the body
33、.The passage mainly talks about _.A.what nutrients a healthy diet should containB.what harm an eating disorder does to healthC.the cause leading to harmful eating habitsD.the parts that advertising plays in peoples eating disorder,Fats and carbohydrates are usually not included as part of the diet i
34、n todays“mustbethin”lifestyle.,Many factors lead to unhealthy eating habits.,Genetic（遗传的）factors also play a part in the development of an eating disorder.,第四讲 猜测词义类,在阅读时，常会遇到一些生词，影响同学们阅读。其实大部分生词的意思都可能通过上下文的逻辑关系猜测出来。.,1.标点法破折号、逗号、括号、冒号、分号、引号等常表示后者对前者的定义或释意，可借此猜测词义The woman will live forever;shes imm
35、ortal.2.定义法根据下文给出的解释说明（定义、同位语、定语）猜测词义“Rush”means running quickly.I am very interested in mutton,the meat form a sheep,3释义法作者为了更好的表达思想，常在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语及词汇加以解释。表示释义的用语有:that is,for example,or,similarly,in other words等The picture shows that the lines are parallel,that is to say,they are the same dis
36、tance apart like railway line.She can play erhu or Chinese Violin.4指代法用代词替代前面的名词或句子，用do替代前面的动词，使文章简明。A mother loves her child more than her child does her.The boy told me his story and that of his sisters.,5.反义法通过反义词汇，如：but,while,ratherthan,instead of,unlike,not,however,表示连结的词汇或句子之间的反义关系。She is illi
37、terate,but her husband can read and write.Unlike his sister,who loves cats,John hates them.6.构词法通过前缀、后缀等词汇知识来猜测词义。The weather is changeable.Now it shining brightly,now it is raining hard.Please sharpen the knife.7.因果法通过上下文的因果关系来推测词义。She put out the fire by pouring water on it.I did well and our teac
38、her praised me.,I looked up again at the audience,realizing that these were real people.They were not just my mum and dad,who would say,“Good job!”even if I messed up the entire piece.2.The underlined phrase“mess up”in Paragraph 3 probably means _.A.put into disorder B.forget aboutC.stop halfway D.d
39、o well in,On that Fourth of July morning in 1952,the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so dense she could hardly see her support(援助)boats.54.The word“dense”in the article means _.A.cold B.heavy C.amazing D.beautiful,11年通州一摸,Fast food and fried food sell the best among students,which has led t
40、o a rise in obesity among children.But as more people began to realize the fact that being too fat may cause different diseases,some schools in towns have led the way towards better nutrition.48.What does the underlined word“obesity”in the last paragraph probably mean?Allowances.B.Sadness.C.Nutrition.D.Overweight.,11年大兴一摸,总结：,事实细节题要回到原文，争取准确无误。推理判断题要读懂文章内容，明白文章结构和句子段落之间的逻辑关系，作者的情感态度。主旨大意题要注意找出主题段、各段主题句，或注意归纳总结全篇主旨。猜测词义题要读懂句子，联系上下文，灵活利用多种方法。,Thanks！,
