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1、阅读理解之细节题的解题思路,细读是获取事实和细节不可缺少的方法之一，它使读者能够接受信息、记忆信息、分析信息，从而较深入地领会一篇文章。尽管近几年高考英语阅读试题中推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节题仍然占有较大比例，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查同学们对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。,一、题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who,what,when,where,why和how等提问。）语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的
2、转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。,这类题型的题干常为：When/Where did the story happen?Which of the following statements is(not)correct?Which of the following statements is(not)mentioned in the passage?Which is the right order of the events given in the pa
3、ssage?All the statements are true except,该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。,二、解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：1
4、、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。,干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征：1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。3、无
5、中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。,下面结合最近同学们做过的试题，对细节题的不同类型加以解读。1.直接信息题 在解这类题时，可采用“对号入座”的办法，即带着问题找句子，先看文章后面的问题（这常常被认为是非常有效的方法），注意记忆关键的词语，如人物、时间、事件等，确定每道题目的发问中心，也就是说，某个问题是针对什么提问的。这样我们就可以带着问
6、题去阅读文章，做到有的放矢。把每个问题的发问中心反馈到原文中去。当读到有关解答发问中心的信息时，可在有关信息下面画一直线以示突出。如果问题的顺序没有按顺序给出，可以在原文信息下画线的同时，把问题的题号也标出来，便于最后检查，并节约时间。,【大练习7】A篇29.Who set up the Red Hat Society?Emily Cornette.B.Ellen Cooper C.Jenny Joseph D.Joe Heywood【解析】B。直接信息题。快速查找题干中的关键词who,Red Hat Society,在第五段第二句话找到相关信息:“”said Ellen Cooper,who
7、 founded the Red Hat Society in 1998.,【大练习8】B篇31.The author thinks the conclusion that people in America are unhappier than 50 years ago is _.surprising B.confusing C.illogical D.questionable【解析】D。直接信息题。从原文第一句话可以得出答案：I usually doubt about any research that concludes that people are either happier or
8、 unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago.,【限时练9】A篇29.According to the passage,which of the following birds comes from Asia?A.Slaty-backed gull.B.Bufflehead.C.Rubythroat.D.Tufted puffin.【解析】C。直接信息题。根据第五段可知：Last month an extremely rare Siberian Rubythroat bird was s
9、een in Scotland,sending hundreds of birdwatchers north in the hope of catching a glimpse of this colourful Asian beauty.,【限时练9】B篇31.On Indian public transport,you can always expect to see people _.sleeping and reading newspapers B.arguing and playing games C.enjoying the view and playing cards D.car
10、rying umbrellas and whispering politely【解析】A.根据第二段可知：In crowded buses and trains people manage to take a short nap and some even reach the snoring stage.Or they spread out a newspaper over multiple knees and arms to read about the latest sport results or political crisis.32.According to the author w
11、hat will make passengers feel refreshed during summer travelling?The cool evening breeze.B.The rain pouring over their clothes.C.The joy of a game of cards.D.The sweet fragrance of a new passenger.【解析】D。根据第四段最后一句：At the first smell of a perfumed man or woman boarding the stuffy bus or train,most peo
12、ple feel they are reborn.,【限时练9】D篇41.Stanley Vine decided to go to Canada because _.he wanted to escape from war-torn France B.he wanted to serve in the Canadian army C.he couldnt find a job in England D.he loved working as a farmhand【解析】C。根据第一段：Armed now with some savings and with no prospects for
13、a job in England,he answered a newspaper ad for farm help in Canada.,2、间接信息题 做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。,【大练习8】A篇26.The trend toward casual dining has resulted in _.bankruptcy of fine china manufactures B.reducing of the pottery workforceC.restructuring o
14、f large enterprises D.economic recession in Great Britain【解析】B.根据第三段第一句：Last week Royal Doulton,the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent,announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs-one-fifth of its total workforce.That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery
15、industry.28.It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is _ A.a retailer of stainless steel tableware B.a dealer in stoneware C.a pottery chain store D.a producer of fine china【解析】D.第二段说，由于casual dining,对于makers of fine china in Britain,it spells economic hard times.接着第三段第一句就说Last week Ro
16、yal Doulton,the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent,announced that.由此可知，Royal Doulton是一个maker of fine china.,【限时练9】B篇33.If you see people in colourful clothing and breathing heavily,you are probably travelling during the _.A.summerB.rainy seasonsC.winterD.spring【解析】C.根据第七段：Winter is the time when it
17、feels good or at least warm to be part of a crowd.It is amazing how much the collective breaths of a 100 or so people can raise the freezing temperature inside.Looking at the masses dressed in their bright red pullovers or green coats,its fun to imagine what faces lie beneath their dark woolen hats.
18、,3、数字计算题 数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。,【大练习4】A篇26.How many people are there in the authors family?A.Seven B.Eight C.Nine D.Eleven【解析】A.根据第一段第三句话可知：Even though we struggle
19、 to make ends meet,my parents stressed to me and my four brothers and sisters how fortunate we were to live in a great county with limitless opportunities.,【限时练7】D篇42.How many expert mountaineers did Mr.Sigmundsson lead?A.2 B.13 C.17 D.14【解析】D.根据第二段可知登山队是“a team of 17 people”,第四段又说：The pioneering te
20、am consisted of two scientists,a couple of expert mountaineers,as well as a film crew and photographer.由此可知，expert mountaineers的人数是由总数17减去两个scientists，一个film crew and photographer，即17-2-1=14。,【限时练9】A篇28.How many more bird species are needed to equal the British bird-watching record?A.3.B.4.C.442.D.4
21、45.【解析】A.根据第三段可知：Local birdwatchers have already observed a total of 442 species in the British Isles this year.The highest number ever seen in one year is 445,in 2008.,4、排列顺序题 这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。,【大练习7】D篇41.Which of the fo
22、llowing shows the correct time order?I travelled to Melbourne.b.I worked in TV.c.I tried my luck in“Bean&Bagels”d.I met Vince,the manager.e.I found a job in a coffee shop.f.I walked along Brunswick Street,looking for jobs.g.I did a story of“Beans&Bagels”in Chicago.A.a-b-g-d-f-c-e B.b-a-g-c-f-d-e C.b
23、-g-a-f-c-d-e D.a-d-f-b-g-c-e【解析】C.文章虽然一开始就说作者在Melbourne找工作，但是在第三段回忆起自己有15年在电视台工作的经历，第四段又回忆起在Chicago的经历，所以这两个经历应该在去Melbourne之前的，可以初步确定答案是C，然后在通篇文章读完，按照时间的顺序排列一下在去Melbourne之后的经历，可以最后确定答案C。,5、图表图画题 在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。这类题我们近来没有接触过。,
