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1、非谓语动词例析,非谓语动词的分类,在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）。1）不定式,2）动名词/现在分词,3)过去分词只有done一种形式.,否定形式：not+不定式，not+动名词，not+现在分词,4)非谓语动词的否定,一，非谓语作主语与宾语,1.He got well prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity（上海卷32题）.A.to lose B.losing C.to be lost
2、 D.being lost2.When asked by the police,he said that he remembered _ at the party,but not _.（北京卷30 题）A.to arrive;leaving B.to arrive;to leave C.arriving;leaving D.arriving;to leave 3.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.（北京卷28 题）A.To have had B.H
3、aving had C.Have D.Having 4.I really cant understand _ her like that.（安徽卷34题）A.you treat B.you to treat C.why treat D.you treating,B,C,D,D,动名词 与不定式都可作主语与宾语，动名词表习惯，笼统的动作，不定式表具体，一次性动作,分词不能作主语与宾语。1）有些动词后只能跟动名词 admit;suggest;imagine;avoid，risk;appreciate;delay;allow;permit;consider;excuse;fancy;escape;f
4、orbid;practice;consider;resist;bear;stand 2)有些动词后只能跟不定式 如agree,refuse,offer,promise,decide,determine,intend,manage,fail,hope,expect,long,wish,tend,desire,plan,pretend3）另外，有些动词是既可以接动名词作宾语，又可以接不定式作宾语，但意义不同。如：remember;stop;mean;regret。4）but,except 后的不定式问题 5)need,require,want+doing(=to be done)5）to 是介词还
5、是不定式,_ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.(02 上海)A.Exposed（分词）B.Having exposed（动名词或分词的完成式）C.Being exposed D.After being exposed(介词短语做状语）,C,必背 常见的带介词to的短语：be used to 习惯 be related to 与有关get down to 着手做 be given to 沉溺于put ones mind to全神贯注于 give rise to 引起be equal to 胜任 devote ones
6、elf to 献身于lead to 导致 be opposed to 反对look forward to 盼望 object to 反对stick to 坚持 pay attention to 注意look up to make contributions tobelong to adjust to attend to refer to see to adapt to,比较1.He devoted all he had to_(help)those in poverty.2.The day we had looked forward to _(come)at last.3.Time shoul
7、d be made use of _(study)English.4.I object to _(make fun of).,helping,came,to study,being made fun of,1.gave them a great deal of encouragement.,2.Victory apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan.,The presidents will attend the meeting B.The president to attendC.The president attende
8、d D.The presidents attending,his being not able B.him not to be ableC.his not being able D.him to be not able,动名词的否定式与复合结构是一大热点,D,C,3.I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody,but the managers plan is unfair.（天津卷12题）A.to sound B.to be sounded C.sounding D.to have sounded4.I think youll grow _him
9、 when you know him better.（江 西卷30题）A.liking B.to be like C.to like D.to be liking,A,C,不定式作宾语结合主动、被动或其他知识,二非谓语作状语,1.It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports star.（上海卷35题）A.had B.having C.to have D.have 2.He hurried to the station only _ the
10、train had left.（广东卷31题）A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found 3.European football is played in 80 countries,-_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D to make4.When _ help,one often says,“Thank you.”or“Its kind of you.”（福建卷33题）A.offering B.to offer C.to be offered D.off
11、ered 5.Finding her car stolen,_.A.a policeman was asked to help B.the area was searched thoroughly C.it was looked for everywhere D.She hurried to the policeman for help,C,A,不定式作状语表目的，结果（意料之外）等,分词作状语不表目的，可表结果（意料之中），伴随，原因，方式等,但，两者的逻辑主语都必须与句子的主语保持一致。Being done 不作状语,A,D,D,6.More and more people are sig
12、ning up for Yoga classes nowadays,_ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.（上海卷36题）A.taking B.taken C.having taken D.having been taken,7.The storm left,_ a lot of damage to this area.（全国卷32题）A.caused B.to have caused C.to cause D.having caused8.Oil price have risen by 32 percent since the s
13、tart of the year,_ the record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.（山东卷27题）A.have reached B.reaching C.to reach D.to be reaching,9.While watching television,_.（全国卷18题）A.the doorbell rang B.the doorbell ringsC.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings10._ from other continents from millions of
14、 years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.(湖北卷26题)A.Being separated B.Having separatedC.Having been separated D.To be separated,A,非谓语作状语还要考虑其时态（一般式，完成式）,D,B,C,C,非谓语作作状语的一些特殊情况;,当非谓语的逻辑主语与句子的逻辑主语不一致时，用独立主格结构,1.I sent you 100 dollars today,the rest _ in a
15、 year.(湖南卷34题)A.follows B.followed C.to follow D.being followed,C,2._ in the mountains for a week,the two students were finally saved by the local police.（江苏卷27题）A.Having lost B.Lost C.Being lost D.Losing,B,3._ the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.(00
16、 北京春季)A.GivenB.To giveC.GivingD.Having given,注意一些常见的固定搭配与特殊用法,4._ in the classroom,he felt somewhat homesick.A.Seating B.To seat C.Seated D.Seats,C,5._ from his look,she must have just been separated from her Mr.Right.A.Judged B Judging C.To judge D.Being judged,B,A,6._ in a white uniform,he looks m
17、ore like a cook than a doctor.(湖南卷22题)A.Dressed B.To dress C.Dressing D.Having dressed,A,Tasting good,faced with,等,三.非谓语作定语,1.The problem _ at tomorrows meeting is how to deal with the meeting.A.being discussed B discussed C.to be discussed D.having been discussed,2.He can find no one_.A.to make fri
18、ends B.to make friends with C.making friends D.making friends with,He only had a small room to live in.He had no pen to write withThere is nothing to worry about.There are 5 pairs of shoes to choose fromThe chair is very comfortable to sit on.(与主语构成动宾关系）On Sundays,he always has a lot of letters to w
19、rite.,不定式作定语表将来（此处与逻辑主语构成主谓关系），现在分词表主动，进行，过去分词表被动完成,不定式作定语的另一种情况：不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后，与被修饰的名词或代词之间是动宾关系,C,B,3.The famous writers play,_ in one of my books,was published in 1963.to mention B.mentioned C.to be mentioned D.mentioning,4.Many things _ impossible in the past are quite common nowadays.A.h
20、aving been considered B.considered C.to be consideredD.considering,B,B,5.The manager,_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us,left the meeting room.（江西卷31题）A.who has made B.having made C.made D.making,B,非谓语作作定语的一些特殊情况;,1.We should not throw away _ food.A.remained.B.to remain c.remaining D having
21、 remained,C,2.The picture_ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung,B,3.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.（04上海）A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt,B,4.The _ boy was last seen_ near the riverside.mis
22、sed,playing B.missed,played C.missing,playing D.missing,played,C,四.非谓语作宾补,1.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A.Carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out.,See/hear/watch/notice+O+do(不带to,表过程）doing（进行）done（被动，完成）通过被动、定语从句等方式进行考察,C,2.A cook will be
23、 immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked,B,3.I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.（北京卷34 题）A.going on B.goes on C.went on D.to go on,A,4.With a lot of difficult problem_,the newly elected president is having a hard time.A.settled B.settling C
24、.to settle D being settled,C,With 复合结构 with+O+to do(表将来，主动表被动）with+O+doing（主动，进行）With+O+done（被动，完成),5.You should understand the traffic rule by now.Youve had it _ often enough.（天津卷7题）A.explaining B.to explain C.explain D.explained,D,have后的宾补问题,have sb do sth.(不带to,表过程）have sb/sth.doing(强调动作的持续）have
25、sth.done(请人做某事）,6.I wont have you _ to your father like that all day.A.to talk B.to talking C.talked D.talking,D,7.I wont have my instructions _ in this way.A.disobey B.disobeying C.disobeyed D.to disobey,C,8.Youd better get a doctor _ your bad tooth.A.pull out B.to pull out C.pulled out D.pulling o
26、ut,B,get sb to do sth.（让某人做某事）get sb/sth.doing(强调动作的持续或使运转起来）get sth.done(使某事被某人做）,9.We cant get the car_.We need someone _ us A.to go,to help B.going,to help C.Going,helping,B,10.He managed to make himself _ with his _ English.A.understand,breaking B.understand,broken C.understood,broken D.understo
27、od,broken,D,make后的宾补问题 make sb.do/make sb./sth.done,1.The boy was made _ for the company day and night.A.work B.working C.worked D.to work,D,More exercises,2.With all the magazines I needed _,I left the post office.A.buying B.to buy C.bought D.to be bought,C,3.Do you have anything more _,sir?Not at
28、the moment.Have a rest then.A.typing B.to be typing C.typed D.to be typed,D,4.I lay in a sofa enjoying the beautiful music Jack had _ out of his DVD.A.come B.it come C.it comingD.coming,D,五.非谓语其它情况,2._ it or not,you will succeed one day in the future.A.Believe B.To believe C.Believing D.Believed,用作独
29、立成分的不定式,B,a.To be honest,we are not sure to find the girl in the forest.b.He is very honest,to begin with.,必背to tell you the truth 说老实话 to begin with 首先 to say nothing of 姑且不说 so to speak 可以这么说 to be sure 诚然，固然 to be exact 精确地说to do him justice 说句对他公道的话 to be brief 简言之to make a long story short 长话短说
30、 to conclude 总而言之to be frank 坦率地说,1._ the truth,I dont agree with what you said just now.A.TellB.To tellC.TellingD.Told,A,Whether you believe it or not 的 省略,非谓语总结动名词:作主语或宾语,注意只能跟动名词的动词及动名词复合结构不定式：1.作主语,宾语：表具体，一次性动作,注意只能跟不定式的动词等2.作状语:目的,结果等3.作定语:表将来,或与前面被修饰词构成动宾关系4.作宾补:表过程或将来现在分词:主动/进行 have sb.doing(
31、强调动作的持续)过去分词:被动/完成解题步骤:1.找逻辑主语 2.确定主动或被动 3.考虑时态(一般式,进行式还是完成式）注意点：being done 一般不作状语,having been done一般不作定语,同时注意一些特殊用法,六，非谓语动词的时态语态和被动 高考题点击：I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.(97 N)A.to go B.having goneC.goingD.to have gone2.Robert is said _ abroad
32、,but I dont know what country he studied in.(99 N)A.to have studiedB.to study C.to be studyingD.to have been studying,D,A,would love to have done 表示本想去做，但没做成。,本题的关键是“what country he studied in”，由此可知事情发生在过去。,3.Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears _ everything.(01 上海)A.to tell B.to be tol
33、d C.to be telling D.to have been told4.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.(02 N)A.to seeB.to be seenC.seeingD.seen,本题中母亲被告知真象显然发生在以前，所以你现在没有必要再隐瞒了。,remain 后接 to do，此处 it 指代的是后面的主语从句。他们是否喜欢有待于观察，此处应为被动。,D,B,5._ to sunlight for too muc
34、h time will do harm to ones skin.(02 上海)A.ExposedB.Having exposed C.Being exposedD.After being exposed6._ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.(01 N)A.Having sufferedB.SufferingC.To sufferD.Suffered7.Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party.(00 上海)A.having not be
35、en invitedB.not having invited C.having not invited D.not having been invited,该句缺主语，只能用动名词才能作主语。,C,A,D,8.With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(02 上海春季)A.settledB.settlingC.to settleD.being settled,with+n./pron.+O.C.构成一个独立主格结构，在句中作状语。用 settled 表示已经解决了的问题；用 being settled 表示正在被解决的问题；用 to be settled 表示将要被解决的问题。而此处的 to settle 是用来作定语修饰前面的 problems。另外还要注意一下分词的独立主格结构的基本用法。,C,Good-bye!,
