2024剑桥雅思讲义Short_Answer.docx
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1、ZQ国田IELTSADVANTAGEShortAnswerPaSSaRe3TheGreatPyramidofGizaTheGreatPyramidofGiza(alsoknownasthePyramidofKhufuorthePyramidofCheops)istheoldestandlargestofthethreepyramidsintheGizapyramidcomplexborderingpresent-dayGizainGreaterCairo,Egypt.ItistheoldestoftheSevenWondersoftheAncientWorld,andtheonlyonetor
2、emainlargelyintact.BasedonamarkinaninteriorchambernamingtheworkgangandareferencetotheFourthDynastyEgyptianpharaohKhufu,someEgyptologistsbelievethatthepyramidwasthusbuiltasatombovera10-to20-yearperiodconcludingaround2560BC,thoughtheevidenceisfarfromconclusiveonthis.Initiallystandingat146.5metres,theG
3、reatPyramidwasthetallestman-madestructureintheworldformorethan3,800yearsuntilLincolnCathedralwasfinishedin1311AD.Originally,theGreatPyramidwascoveredbylimestonecasingstonesthatformedasmoothoutersurface,andinancienttimesitmusthavelookedlikeaspectacularsingleshinywhiteblockofstone;whatisseentodayisthe
4、underlyingcorestructure.Someofthecasingstonesthatoncecoveredthestructurecanstillbeseenaroundthebase.Manyalternative,oftencontradictory,theorieshavebeenproposedregardingthepyramidsconstructiontechniques.Manydisagreeonwhethertheblocksweredragged,lifted,orevenrolledintoplace.TheGreeksbelievedthatslavel
5、abourwasused,butmoderndiscoveriesmadeatnearbyworkerscampsassociatedwithconstructionatGizasuggestthatitcouldhavebeenbuiltinsteadbytensofthousandsofskilledworkers.Vernerpositedthatthelabourwasorganizedintoahierarchy,consistingoftwogangsof100,000menzdividedintofivezaaorphyleof20,000meneach,whichmayhave
6、beenfurtherdividedaccordingtotheskillsoftheworkers.Onemysteryofthepyramidsconstructionisitsplanning.JohnRomersuggeststhattheyusedthesamemethodthathadbeenusedforearlierandlaterconstructions,layingoutpartsoftheplanonthegroundata1-to-lscale.Hewritesthatsuchaworkingdiagramwouldalsoservetogeneratethearch
7、itectureofthepyramidwithprecisionunmatchedbyanyothermeans.Healsoarguesfora14-yeartime-spanforitsconstruction.Amodernconstructionmanagementstudy,inassociationwithMarkLehnerandotherEgyptologists,estimatedthatthetotalprojectrequiredanaverageworkforceofabout14,500peopleandapeakworkforceofroughly40,000.W
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