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1、4.NATIONALllIOFCITIESc三sst9omqToqktmbr.ONTHEFRONTLINESOFTODAy5Scities：TRAUMA5CHALLENGESANDSOLUTIONSCNATIONALlllLEAGUEOFCITIESCENTWFQtrvSCtl11IOHSAcknowledgementsThe authors offe special thanks o Kat Marambat Executrve Communications Manager. Karen Nava1 Visual Design Director and Katie Pastor. Serxx
2、 Communications Speoalisl tor teir guidance and contributions to this repes.IOWnandWages.representingmoreIhan200mopeople.NLCworkstostrengthenlocalleadership,influencefederalpolicyanddriveovatrvesolutions.NLCsCenterforCitySolutionsprovidesresearchandanalysisonkeytopicsandvendsimportanttocities,creati
3、vesolutionstoimprovemequalityofWeincommunities.inspiratnandideasfxlalofficialstouseintacklingtoughissues,andopportunitiesforcityleaderstoconnectw1tpeers,shareexperiencesandIeamaboutinnovativeapproachesindues.AuthorsCiarenceE.Anthony,CEOandExecutrveDirector.NatronalLeagueofCitiesTinaLee,Se*uocResearc
4、hSpectast.CenterforCitySOiUIionSJacobQottlieb,ResearchSpecialist.CenterforCitySolutionsBrooksRainwater,SeniorExecutiveandDirector.CentertorCrtySokHions2021Cf4alionalLeagueofCities.AlRighisResorvod.Cover: By Kevork DjaMxianQtty images News Ma Getty knago9AJiphotoedtdtoGettyImages.2021.CONTENTS4FOREWO
5、RD6INTRODUCTION10BACKGROUND1 5ROOTCAUSES24WHYDOESMATTER?28WHATCANCITIESDO?32RECOMMENDATIONS34CONCLUSION36APPENDIXI:AdditionalResources38APPENDIXII:AbouttheSurveyandResults39ENDNOTESFOREWORDPIERSONALattacks.Physicalassaults.Cyberbullyingdirectedatthemselves,theirchildrenandfamilies-allthewhilehavingt
6、omanagemultiplecrisesforthoseintheirmmunities.Inthepastyearandahalf,protestsnavemovedfromCityHalltolocalleaders,frontdrs.Insultshavemovedbeyondthemediaandintohomes,sometimesneedlesslyextendingtolovedones.Thisiswhatitmeanstobeapublicservantin2021.1.ocalofficialsWOrkatthelevelofgovernmentclosesttothep
7、eopleandwiththismesgreathonorandgreatchallenge.OurIoCalleadersaretheonesweknow-theyaretheoneswerunintoatthegrocerystoreandtheonesweseearoundourneighborhoods.AndwilepartisanshipandbickeringmaybeanUnWetoOmedfeatureofstateandfederalpolitics,wearenowseeingthistcktedowntothelocallevelunlikeeverbefore.Iha
8、ve如messedandheardaboutthischangethroughmyownpersonalinteractionsinmeetingswithlocalleadersacrossthecountry.ItisclearthattheenvironmenthaschangedsincemytimeasmayorofSouthBay.Aoridaalittlemorethanadecadeago.Whiledisagreementanddebateareahealthypartofafunctioningdemracy,civildisurseinAmericahasbeeninea
9、singlyindecline-wesitinthemediaandmorefrequently,wereseeingitmoreinourowncommunities.Andaspoliticsbecomesincreasinglyhostile,sotoohastheseverityandquantityofthreatsandharassmenttov/ardsourlocalofficials.TheCOVID-19pandemicpushedmanythingstothextremeandvitrioltowardslocalleadersisnoexception.Ourlocal
10、leadershavebecomeeasytargetsforfrustration,angeranddisillusion.WiththecombinedimpactOtSoCialmediaandpoliticalpolarization,theworkofgoverninghasoftencomeatthestofpublicofficials*physicalandmentalwell-being.1.ocalleadershavefacedeverythingfromracistslurstophysicalassaultsanddeaththreats.Recentmediarep
11、ortsfromtheNewYorkTimesandKaiserHealthNetwork,amongothers,highlighthowmanylocalPUWCofficials-mayorsandthoseworkingintheareasofpublichealth,electionsandtheschoolboard-arechoosingtoresignornotrunforreelection.12Fromtakinganti-anxietymedication,toseekingtherapyandevenutilizingpoliceprotection,weIearrwd
12、throughoutdevelopmentofthisreportthatourlocalleadersaredangwhattheycantoprotectthemselveswhegettingthejobsfortheircommunitiesdoneButit0notenough.Ourlocalleaderscantandsbouldn,tdothisworkalone.Itisall-teasytoforgewAmericans,agrowingsegmentofsocietyviewsoneanotherasenemies.Thisisdangerousfghtonthegood
13、,thebadandtheuglyoftheirprivatelives.Thisscrutinyisonthing,butthedomainsolpubliclifethatoncestayedprivate-onesfamity.hearthandhome-arincreasinglyextendedintothePUbIfrealm.ElectedofficialschildrenandspouseshavebeentargetedandharassedasCityHallshaveturnedintothefrontlawnsofcityofficialshomes,withnoare
14、asoutofboundsinthemadnessofourcurrentpoliticalculture.Thisisanexistentialchallengetoourcommunities,ourSoCletyandourdemocracythatneedstobeabated.ThenationalizationandassociatedradicalizationofpoliticsinAmericastartedatthefederallevelandfirstmadeitswaytoSIateh(XJSeSbuthasnowseepeddownintoourtownsandci
15、ties.Unliketheirstateandfederalcounterparts,localofficialsareheWinmuchhigheresteembecausetheyareclosertothepeopletheygovern,theyareofteninnonpartisanpositionsandconsistentpolingdatashowsthemreceivingmuchmoreIavorableresultsEvenso.growinghostilitynpoliticshasimpactedtheenvironmentlocalofficialsengage
16、inmoreandmoredramatically.WhileCOVID-19acceleratedexistingtrends,thisnationwidelackofdv)i.tyhasbeenheightenedduetotheamvalolsocialmedia,growinganimositybetweenpoliticalparties,thespreadolmis-anddisinformation,systemicracism.SGXrSnlandhomophobia.Antentiousnationalelection,yearsofleadershipthatdidnots
17、eektostemthecoarseningdiscourse,aninsurrectionattheCapilolandthefightforracialjusticeinresponsetothemurdersofGeorgeFloydandBreonnaTaytora11oguntiessothers,haveelevatedthechallengesfacedbypublicoHlclalsinourcountry.Theimpactonourlalleadershasbeenermous.Ourlocalofficialsarehardatworkonthegroundicities
18、everyday.andduringthislastyearandahalftheyhavebeensupportingcommunitymembersinatimeofneed,allwhilekeepinggovernmentoperationsgoingduringtumultuoustimes.Asverbalthreats-bothonlineandInperson-havegrownandassomelocalleadershaveevenbeenphysicallyassaulted,theimpactonournationsmayors,councilmembersandloc
19、alleadersisunderstandablyimmense.ManyelectedofficialsareburntoutMayorsandcouncilmembersarepeopletoo.andtheirphysicalandmentalwell-beingisthreatened.Beyondtheobviousimpactsthisharassmenthasongovernmentandthlayereddifficultiesitcreatestogetthepublicsworkdone,ithasarealhumanimpactontheseIOCaJleaders.It
20、isnotwhatmostpeoplesignedupforwhentheyranforlocalofftoe,andtheimpactIsbeingfeltbypotentialCancMatesChoosmgtorunforre-electionOCevenrunatall.whichisafactorthatnegativelyImpactsourcommunities.WeloseinstitutionalknowledgeinCityHallsaspeopleleavepublicoffc.Potentialcandidatesareaskingthemselves.mIsitwor
21、thmysafetytorunagain?*and-lsitworthmysafety-orpotentia)tymyfamilyssafety-tobeinthisjob?(ByE NoJMgGCCty hQ05 4Gtny EW1Furthermore,thebudgetaryimpactonlocalitiesisveryrealifpolicemustgetinvolvedorpublicofficialsrequiresecuritydetailsduetothesethreats.ThedisproportionatevictimizationofBlaCkJndigenous.P
22、pteofColcx(BIPOC),women,membersoftheLGBTQ+mmunityandotherunderrepresentedgroupsmayalsohindereffortstodiversifygovernmentandcreatemoreequitablecommunities.Citiesmustfocusonprotectingthesafetyandwell-beingofpublicofficialsIntheimmediatetermwhileWortdngtomendtherootcausesofthisgrowingresentmentacrossth
23、eu11try.Thatsaid,itisdifficuftforlocalofficialstofacethisalone.“Toallthelocalleaders,justrememberyoudonthavetodothisalone,thereisanincrediblenetworkthroughtheNationalLeagueofCitieswhereelectedofficialscancometogether.Atlanta.GAMayorKeishaLanceBottomsPuWicofficialsatalllevelsmustunitetoelevate-rather
24、thandenigrate-thepoliticalconversation.OntheFrontiinesofTodaysCities:Trauma.ChallengesandSolutionslaysoutandrecommendsathree-prongedapproachtokeepourkcalofficialssafefrommentalandphysicalthreatstotheirwell-being.Thisapproachincludessecuringphysicalsafety,promotingmentalhealthandwell-being,andimprovi
25、ngcivildiscourse.FIGURE1.Typesofharassment,threatsandviolence.ONLINEIN-PERSONDisrespectfulmments,beratingandunfoundedcriticismthroughtraditionalorsocialmedia(Twitter.Facebook.Instagram,etc.)HatefulspeechOninetrollingDisrespectfulmm11ts.beratingandunfoundedcriticismiperscx,bothonandoffthejobHatefulsp
26、eechThreats to targets hurt or attack a public offctal or those in the* immediate circle (staff members, family members) through traditional or social media (Twitter. Fabk. Instagram, etc.)Hateful speech online with intent to harmStatementofanintentiontoinflictpain,injury,damageoroherhostileaction(d
27、eaththreats,threatsofphysicalorsexualviolence,etc.)toapublicofficialandorthoseintheirimmediatecircle(staffmembers,familymembers,etc.)DestructionofproperlyPhysical,sexuaJorarmedassaultUnauthorizedpossessionoffirearmsorotherweaponsBACKGROUNDIVILbehaviorandspeechareCriticaHyimportanttoahealthy,function
28、alandrespectfulsociety.ThecapacityoftheAmericanpublictoengageinmeaningfulandcivildiscoursehaserodedrapidlyoverthelastfewyears.IntheAlleghenyColfegeSurveyofCivilityandCompromiseinAmericanPolitics,researchersfoundthatnearlyhalfofAmericansbelievedtherehadbeenadeclineinch/ililyinAmericanpoliticssincethe
29、electionofPresidentObama.gDr.MichaelMcCullough,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofMiami,arguesthatcivilitycanbethoughtofbroadlyundertwodefinitions.Onethatdescribesbehavior-politeness,courtesy:andonethatdepictsthorderlinessofasocietywhereintheabsenceofcivilitythereisanarchyanddisordercreatingafragm
30、entedsociety.-Resultsfroma2019surveyconductedbyWeberShandwick,apublicrelationsconsultancy,foundthat93percentoAmericansbe*evethatIncivilityisaproblem,with68percentIdentifyingincivilityasamajorproblem.91.ocalofficialsareonthefrontlinesofthepublicsectorastheyarethemostconnectedandaccessibletotheircommu
31、nities.WhiletheproximityoflocalOffiOalStommultymemberssimportantforpublicservice,thissameproximityoftenexposeslocalofficialstoincidencesofincivility-whichhaveincreasinglyescalatedintoharassment,threatsandviolence.A2019nationwidesurveyandar3epublishedinthejournalStateandLocalGovernmentRevie%v,foundth
32、atfour-fifthsofsurveyedmayorshadexperiencedsometypeofpsychologicalabuse-muchofitthroughsocialmediaeMuchhaschangedinthepoliticaJenvironmentsince2019.Inthelast18months,localleadershavehadtonavigateapandemic,addressprotestsforraaalequityandtheroteofpolcmgincommunitiesandworkthroughheightenedpoliticalte
33、nsionsduringanelectionyear.NeW5vtaGeltyInV网ByChrtsGaRMgttyk11Forthisreport.NLCnductednineinterviewsandsurveyed112localpublicofficialstotearnabouttheirexperienceswithharassment,threatsandviolence.EightyonepercentofsurveyedlocalpublicOfflSreportedhavingexperiencedharassment,threatsandviolence(Figure2)
34、.Eighty-sevenpercentofsurveyedlocalPUHiCofficialsalsoreportedthattheyhaveobservedanincreaseinattacksonpublicofficialsduringtheirtimeinoffice(Figure3).Manysurveyedlocalofficialsanecdotallysharedthatthisbehaviorbyresidentshadbeenheightenedforafewyearsbuthasgottendramaticallyworsesincethestartofthepand
35、emic.FIGURE 2. More than 8 in 10 surveyed local officials reported experiencing harassment, threats and violencenoFIGURE 3. Avastmajorityofsurveyedlocaloffidalshavenoticedchangesinthelevelsofharassment,threatsandviolenceduringtheirtimeinofficeFIGURE 4. Additionally,resultsindicatethatsocialmediae.g.
36、Twitter.Facebk.Instagram),publiccitymeetings(online(Xinprson)andotheronlinevenues(e.g.email,publicforum)arethemostcommonsettingsforincidencesofharassment,threatsandviolenceagainstlocalpublicofficiatetooccur(Figure4),Harassmentandthreatsofviolenceareincrediblyhardtocombatonsocialmediagivenusersshroud
37、ofanonymityandfreedomtosayalmostanythingonsocialmediaplatforms.FIGURE 5. 1.ocalOffiCiaIScitedsocialmediamostcommonlyregardingwheretheyexperienceincidencesofharassment,threatsandviolence79%Social Meda (E.g. Twrtter. Facebook. Instagram)Inperson during wok (E.g.l office, on-$ite,守3ng the community, et
38、c.) 26%Surveyedlocalofficialsresponsetowheretheyhaveexperiencedharassment,threatsandviolence.InNLC,sresearchanddiscussionsv/ithlocalofficials,manydisturbingincidencesofharassment,threatsandviolencewereraised.Minnetonka,MNCouncilmemberDebCalvertandherfellowconcimefnbersreceivedhundredsoemailsandphone
39、callsthreateningarjverballyabusingthemintherun-uptoandafteravoteonmaskmandates.oAnchorage.AKAssemblyniemberChristopherConstant,amemberoftheLGBTQ+community,wassubjectedtohomophobicremarksandevendeaththreats.nAssemblymemberConstantafcofoundagamecamera,usedforhunting,mountedonatreeoutsidepointedathisho
40、use(Figure5).，Bolingbrook.ILMayorRogerCtaarhadhishomevandalizedandwaslikenedtoaNazibecauseo(hissupportforformerPresidentTrmp.uFIGURE5.PictureofthegamecameramountedonatreeoutsideAssemblymemberConstantshomePublichealthofficialshavebecomemorefrequenttargetsofharassment,threatsandviolenceduringthepandemic.ASUrVeyfromtheColoradoAssociationOfLocalPublicHealthOfficialsfoundthat80percentofthestateslocalhealthdirectorssai
