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1、美国名人哈丽特塔布曼HarrietTubmanplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByJerilynWatson2004-2-14(THEME)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmRayFreemanwiththeSpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleInAmerica.EveryweekwetellthestoryofsomeoneimportantinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.TodaywetellaboutHarrietTubman,anAfricanAmer
2、icanwomanwhofoughtslaveryandoppression.(THEME)VOICEONE:HistorianssayHarrietTubmanwasbornintheyearEighteen-Twenty.Nobodyreallyknows.IntheUnitedStatesintheNineteenthCenturythebirthofslaveswasnotrecorded.WedoknowthatHarrietTubmanwasoneofthebravestwomeneverbornintheUnitedStates.Shehelpedhundredsofpeople
3、escapefromslaveryontheUndergroundRailroad.ThiswasasystemthathelpedslavesescapefromtheSouthtostateswhereslaverywasbanned.BecauseofherworkontheUndergroundRailroadzHarrietTubmanwascalledMoses.IntheBible,MoseswastheleaderoftheJewishpeopleenslavedinEgypt.Hebroughthispeopleoutofslaverytothepromisedland.Ha
4、rrietTubmandiedinNineteen-Thirteen.Allherlife,shealwaystriedtoimprovelifeforAfricanAmericans.(MUSICBRIDGE)VOICETWO:Fromaveryearlyage,Harrietknewhowslavessuffered.Herparentswereslaves.TheybelongedtoEdwardBrodaszafarmerinthemiddleAtlanticstateofMaryland.Harrietsparentstriedtoprotectherandtheirtenother
5、childrenasmuchastheycould.Therewaslittletheycoulddozhowever.Slavesweretreatedlikeanimals.Theycouldbesoldatanytime.Familiesoftenwereseparated.Slavechildrenwerenotpermittedtoactlikechildren.BythetimeHarrietwasthreeyearsold,MisterBrodasorderedhertocarrynotesfromhimtootherfarmers.Someofthesefarmerslived
6、asfarasfifteenkilometersaway.Harrietwaspunishedifshestoppedtorestorplay.VOICEONE:WhenHarrietwassixyearsold,theBrodasfamilysenthertoworkforanotherfamilywholivedneartheirfarm.Whilethere,Harrietwasinfectedwiththediseasemeasles.Eventhoughshewassick,shewasforcedtoplaceandremoveanimaltrapsinanicyriver.She
7、wassenthomewhenshebecamedangerouslyill.Harrietsmothertookverygoodcareofher.Thechildsurvived.ThenshewassenttoworkintheBrodasshouse.Herownersnevergaveherenoughtoeat.Onedayshewasworkinginthekitchen.ShewaslookingatapieceofsugarinasilvercontainerwhenMissusBrodassawher.Harrietranawayinfear.Shewascaughtand
8、beatenveryseverely.HerownersdecidedthatHarrietneverwouldmakeagoodworkerinthehouse.Shewassenttothefields.VOICETWO:Harrietsparentsweresad.Theyworkedinthefieldsandtheyknewhowdifficultitwastosurvivethehardwork.ButworkingoutsidemadeHarrietsbodystrong.Andshebegantolearnthingsfromtheotherslaves.Thesethings
9、onedaywouldhelpherleadherpeopletofreedom.HarrietheardaboutNatTurner.Hehadledanunsuccessfulrebellionofslaves.Sheheardaboutotherslaveswhohadrunawayfromtheircruelowners.ShewastoldthattheyhadtraveledbytheUndergroundRailroad.Theydidnotescapebyusingaspecialtrain.Insteadofarealtrain,theUndergroundRailroadw
10、asaseriesofhidingplaces,usuallyinhousesofpeoplewhoopposedslavery.TheseweresecretplacesthatAfricanAmericanscouldstopatastheyescapedfromtheSouthtotheNorth.AsHarrietheardstoriesofrebellion,shebecamemoreofarebel.(MUSICBRIDGE)VOICEONE:OnedaywhenHarrietwasfifteenshewasatalocalstore.Aslaveownerenteredandth
11、reatenedayoungboywhowashisslave.Atfirst,theslaverefusedtomove.Thenheranforthedoor.Harrietmovedinfrontoftheyoungman.Theslaveownerreachedforaheavyweight.Hethrewitathisslave.Hemissed.Instead,theheavymetalobjecthitHarrietinthehead.Harrietalmostdied.Monthspassedbeforeshecouldgetoutofbed.Fortherestofherli
12、fe,shecarriedthemarkofadeepwoundonherhead.Andshesufferedfromblackouts.Shewouldsuddenlyloseconsciousnessasthoughshehadfallenasleep.VOICETWO:MisterBrodasfelthewouldnevergetanygoodworkoutofHarriet.Sohedecidedtosellher.Harrietthoughtofawaytopreventthis.Eachtimeshewasshowntosomeonewhomightbuyher,sheacted
13、asifshewerefallingasleep.Afterawhile,MisterBrodasgaveuphopeofsellingHarriet.Hesentherbacktothefields.Shedreamedoffreedomwhilepickingvegetablesanddigginginthefields.InEighteenForty-Four,ataboutagetwenty-four,shemarriedafreeblackmannamedJohnTubman.Bynow,Harrietwassureshewantedtotrytoescape.Itwouldbeve
14、rydangerous.Slaveswhowerecaughtoftenwerekilledoralmostbeatentodeath.Harrietknewshemustwaitforjusttherighttime.VOICEONE:Suddenly,inEighteen-Forty-Ninezthetimecame.MisterBrodasdied.HisslavesprobablywouldbesoldtocottonfarmersfurtherSouth.Thesituationtherewouldbeevenworse.JohnTubmantriedtomakeHarrietfor
15、getaboutrunningaway.Hewasfree.Whyshouldhemakeadangeroustripwithawomanbreakingthelaw?HarrietdecidedthathermarriagetoJohnmustend.Harrietheardthatshewastobesoldimmediately.Sheknewsheneededtotellherfamilythatshewasleaving.Shebegantosingzsoftlyatfirst,thenlouder.Shesangthewords,msorrytoleaveyou.mgoingtot
16、hepromisedland.Herfamilyunderstood.(MUSICBRIDGE)VOICETWO:Harrietrantothehomeofawhitewomanwhohadpromisedtohelp.ThiswomanbelongedtotheQuakers,areligiousgroupwhichhatedslavery.TheQuakerwomantoldherhowtoreachanotherhomewhereshecouldhide.HarrietwentfromhousetohousethatwayontheUndergroundRailroad.Eachplac
17、ewasalittledosertotheeasternstateofPennsylvania.Slaverywasbannedthere.Onceshewashiddenunderhaythathadbeencutfromthefields.Anothertime,sheworemensclothing.Finally,shecrossedtheborderintoPennsylvania.Later,shetoldafriend,IfeltlikeIwasinheaven.VOICEONE:NowthatHarrietwasfree,shedidnotforgetthehundredsof
18、otherslavesbackinMaryland.Duringthenexttenyears,sheledamuchexpandedUndergroundRailroad.Shefreedherparents,hersister,brothersandotherfamilymembers.ShefoundahomeforherparentsinAuburn,NewYork.Harriettraveledbackandfortheighteentimeszhelpingaboutthree-hundredslavesescapeintofreeterritory.Shebecameanexpe
19、rtathidingfromslavehunters.AtonetimezanyonefindingHarrietwaspromisedforty-thousanddollarsforcatchingher-deadoralive.ThepeopleshehelpedcalledherMoses.ShehadrescuedthemfromslaveryjustasthebiblicalMosesrescuedtheJews.HarrietfoundanotherwaytofightslaveryaftertheCivilWarbeganinEighteen-Sixty-One.Sevensou
20、thernstatesdecidedtoseparatefromtheUnitedStates,mainlyovertheissueofslavery.ThenorthernstatesrefusedtolettheUnitedStatesofAmericabreakapart.Afterfightingbegan,HarrietTubmanwentintoenemyterritorytospyfortheNorth.Shealsoservedasanurse.Afterfouryearsofbloodyfighting,theNorthwonthewar.PresidentAbrahamLi
21、ncolnfreedtheslavesinEighteen-Sixty-Three.TherewasnolongeranyneedforHarriettobeMoses.(MUSICBRIDGE)VOICETWO:Afterthefightingended,HarrietTubmanreturnedtoAuburn,NewYork.ShemarriedamannamedNelsonDavis.Thiscouldhavebeenthebeginningofafewquietyearsoffamilylifeforher.Butshekeptworking.Shetraveledandgavesp
22、eechestoraisemoneyforbettereducationforblackchildren.Shealsoworkedforwomensrightsandhousing.Andshesoughthelpforoldmenandwomenwhohadbeenslaves.HarrietTubmandiedinNineteen-Thirteen.Shewasaboutninety-threeyearsold.Bythattime,shewasrecognizedasanAmericanhero.TheUnitedStatesgovernmentgaveafuneralwithmilitaryhonorsforthewomanknownasMoses.(THEME)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyJeriWatson.mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:mRayFreeman.ListenagainnextweekatthistimeforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
