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1、美国名人女作家薇拉凯瑟WriterWillaCatherCelebratedEuropeansWhoSettledintheAmericanMidwestplaystopmutemaxvolume00:06-15:28repeatByRichardThorman2005-10-8(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmTonyRiggswithPeopleinAmerica.TodaywetellaboutwriterWillaCather.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Thesecondhalfofthenineteethcenturyb
2、roughtmajorchangestotheUnitedStates.Fromitsearliestdays,Americahadbeenanagriculturalsociety.ButaftertheendoftheCivilWarineighteenSiXty-five,thecountrybecameincreasinglyindustrial.Andasthepopulationgrew,Americabecamelessunified.AfterrailroadslinkedtheAtlanticcoastwiththePacificcoast,thehugeMiddleWest
3、ofthecountrywasopentosettlement.ThepeoplewhocamewerealmostallfromEurope.TherewereSwedesandNorwegians,PolesandRussians,BohemiansandGermans.Manyofthemfailedintheirnewhome.Somefledbacktotheiroldhomeland.Butthosewhosufferedthroughthefreezingwintersandtheburningsummersandthefailedcropsbecamethenewpioneer
4、s.TheywerethemenandwomencelebratedbytheAmericanwriterWillaCather.VOICETWO:Cathersbeststoriesareaboutthesepioneers.Shetoldwhattheysoughtandwhattheygained.Shewroteoftheirdifficultrelationswiththosewhofollowed.Andshedevelopedawayofwriting,bothbeautifulandsimple,thatmadeherapioneertoo.Formanywomeninthen
5、ineteenthcentury,writingnovelswasjustoneofthethingstheydid.ForWillaCathecwritingwasherlife.VOICEONE:WillaCatherwasborninthesouthernstateofVirginiaineighteenseventy-three.Attheageofeight,herfamilymovedtothenewstateofNebraskaintheMiddleWest.SheandNebraskagrewuptogether.WillalivedinthesmalltownofRedClo
6、ud.Asachildsheshowedwritingability.And,shewashelpedbygoodteachers,whowereuncommoninthenewfrontierstates.Fewwomenofhertimewenttoauniversity.WillaCatheohowever,wenttotheUniversityofNebraska.Shewrotefortheuniversityliterarymagazine,amongherotheractivities.Shegraduatedfromtheuniversityineighteenninety-f
7、ive.VOICETWO:MostAmericanwritersofhertimelookedtotheeasternUnitedStatesastheculturalcenterofthecountry.Itwasaplacewhereexcitingthingswerepossible.ItwasanescapefromtheflatnessofthelandandcultureoftheMiddleWest.Fromeighteenninety-sixtonineteen-oh-oneCatherworkedforthePittsburghDailyLeadernewspaper.Itw
8、asinPennsylvania,notNewYork,butitwasfarthereastthanNebraska.Catherbegantopublishstoriesandpoemsinnineteenhundred.AndshebecameanEnglishteacherinnineteen-oh-one.Forfiveyears,shetaughtEnglishatPittsburghCentralHighSchoolandatnearbyAlleghenyHighSchool.Shepublishedherfirstbookinnineteen-oh-three.Itwasabo
9、okofpoetry.TwoyearslatershepublishedabookofstoriescalledTheTrollGarden.VOICEONE:TheownerofaNewYorkmagazine,S.S.McLurezreadherstories.HeaskedhertocometoNewYorkCityandworkasaneditoratMcLure1SMagazine.Shewasfinallyintheculturalcapitalofthecountry.Shestayedwiththemagazinefromnineteen-oh-sixtonineteentwe
10、lve.OneofthepeoplewhoinfluencedhertoleavethemagazinewastheAmericanwomanwriter;SarahOrneJewett.JewettadvisedCathertowriteonlyfictionandtodealwiththeplacesandcharacterssheknewbest.Jewettsaiditwastheonlywaytowriteanythingthatwouldlast.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:InnineteentwelveWillaCatherpublishedherfirstnovel,Al
11、exandersBridge.Bythattime,Catherhadenoughfaithinherselftoleavemagazineworkanduseallhertimetowritefiction.SherememberedJewettsadviceandturnedtothelandandpeoplesheknewbest,thefarmersoftheMiddleWest.InRedCloudshehadlivedamongBohemians,French-CanadianszGermans,Scandinavians,andotherimmigrants.Shesawthat
12、themixtureofallthesenewAmericansproducedanewsociety.Therewasnothingbutland,shewrote.Notacountryatall,butthematerialoutofwhichcountriesaremade.Itwasthismaterialsheusedtocreateherbooks.VOICEONE:1.ikeallgoodwriters,shewantedhernovelstoshowtheworldshedescribed,notjusttellaboutit.Laterinherlife,shedescri
13、bedthewayshewrote.Shecalleditnovelswithoutfurniture.Whatshemeantwasthatsheremovedfromhernovelseverythingthatwasnotnecessarytotellthestory.Fictioninthenineteenthcenturywasfilledwithsocialdetail.Ithadpagesofdescriptionandcommentsbytheauthor.Catherdidnotwritethisway.Shelookedtothepastforherideas,butshe
14、drewfromthepresentforherart.AyearafterAlexandersBridge,Catherpublishedhersecondnovel.ItwasthefirstofherbookstotakeplaceintheMiddleWest.ItiscalledOPioneers.Itestablishedherasoneofthebestwritersofhertime.OPioneerstellsthestoryofthefirstsmallgroupsofBohemians,Czechs,French,Russians,andSwedeswhosetabout
15、toconquertheland.Cathersaidtheyactedasiftheywereanaturalforce,asstrongorstrongerthanNature.Shesaidtheywerepeoplewhoownedthelandforalittlewhilebecausetheylovedit.Spring,summer;autumn,winter,spring,Catherwrote.Alwaysthesamefield.trees.Jives.VOICETWO:Cathersheroesarepioneers,settlersofunknownorunclaime
16、dland.Theyalsoarepioneersofthehumanspirit.Theyare,Cathersaidzthepeoplewhowoulddreamgreatrailroadsacrossthecontinent.Yetshesawsomethingmoreinthem.Itwassomethingpermanentwithinaworldofcontinuouschange.Asenseoforderinwhatappearedtobedisorder.InCathersmind,herwritingsabouttheMiddleWest,herprairieyears,b
17、ecameawaytoshowapprovalofthevictoryoftraditionalvaluesagainstcountlessdifficulties.Thefighttoremainhumanandinlovewithlifeinspiteofeverythinggivesthepeopleinherstoriespurposeandcalm.VOICEONE:WillaCathercontinuedtowriteaboutthesenewpioneersinTheSongoftheLarkinnineteenfifteen.Shefollowedthatwiththenove
18、lthatmanyconsiderherbest,MyAntonia.Bythenineteentwenties,however;herstoriesbegantochange.Shesawmoredefeats,fewervictories.Shebegantowrite-notaboutgreatdreams-butaboutthesmallnessofmansvision.Shemournedforthelossofvaluesotherswouldnevermiss.WillaCathernevermarried.ShebeganlivingwithanotherwomanfromNe
19、braskainnineteen-oh-eight.TheylivedtogetheruntilCatherdied.Innineteentwenty-two,Cathersufferedanervousbreakdown.Anumberofthingscausedhercondition.Herhealthwasnotgood.Shewasunhappywithherpublisher.And,shewasangryaboutthechangesinsocietybroughtbynewtechnology.Innineteentwenty-three,Catherwrotethelasto
20、fherNebraskanovels,ALostLady.Twoyearslatersheproducedanothernovel,TheProfessorsHouse.Itwasclearbythenthatshewasmovinginadifferentdirection.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Hernexttwonovels,DeathComesfortheArchbishop,andShadowsintheRock,takeplaceinthedistantpast.Theyarestoriesaboutheroicfailure.DeathComesfortheArchbi
21、shoptakesplaceintheAmericanSouthwestinthesixteenthcentury.ItdescribestheexperiencesoftwopriestswhoaresenttowhatbecameNewMexico.Theactionisinthepast.ButtheplaceisonethatCatherfeltalwayswouldremainthesame-thedesertsoftheAmericanSouthwest.Whereherearlierbooksdescribedapersonssearchforsolidground,theseb
22、ooksdescribethesolidgrounditself.Theycamefromadeepunhappinesswithmodernlife.VOICEONE:AlthoughCatherturnedawayfrommodernlife,shewasverymuchamodernwriter.Herwritingbecameincreasinglyimportanttoanewgroupofwriters-ErnestHemingway,F.ScottFitzgerald,andJohnDosPassos.Neartheendofherlifeshewrote:Nothingreal
23、lymattersbutliving.Getallyoucanoutofit.Iamanoldwoman,andIknow.Sometimespeopledisappointus.Andsometimeswedisappointourselves.Butthethingistogorightonliving.WillaCatherwentrightonlivinguntiltheageofseventy-four.Shediedinnineteenforty-seven.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyRichardThorman.mTonyRiggs.VOICEONE:AndmShirleyGriffith.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
