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1、美国名人摄影家黛安阿巴斯DianeArbus:RevolutionaryPhotographerofUnusualPeopleplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-19:21repeatByDanaDemange2006-2-4(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wetellaboutDianeArbUs,arevolutionarymodernphotographer.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:DianeArbu
2、sisknownforcreatingintenseblackandwhitephotographsofveryunusualpeople.Sheusedaspecialcamerathatproducedsquareshapedimages.Oftenhersubjectslooksad,conflictedorphysicallyabnormal.Buttheydonottrytohidetheirinsecurities.Theyopenlystareatthecamera.OneartexpertsaidDianeArbusturnedphotographyinsideout.Inst
3、eadoflookingathersubjects,shemadethemlookather.Arbuslearnedtomixtherealisticnatureofphotographywithitsexpressivepossibilities.Sheexploredhowpeoplelivewithsamenessanddifferenceaswellasacceptanceandrejection.Thesecombinationscreatedveryinterestingartthatwasoftendisputed.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:DianeArbuswasbo
4、rninnineteentwenty-threetoawealthyfamilyinNewYorkCity.HerfatherDavidNemeroownedalargeclothingstoreinacostlyareanearFifthAvenue.HerparentscollectedartandwerepartofthehighsocietyofNewYork.ThefamilytraveledoftentoEurope.Theyhelpedtheirchildrenexpresstheirartisticgoals.Dianesbrotherwasthefamouspoet,Howa
5、rdNemerov.Hersisterbecameasculptor.Afterfinishinghighschoolattheageofeighteen,DianemarriedAllanArbus.MisterArbusworkedintheadvertisingdepartmentofherfathersstore.VOICEONE:ItwasMisterArbuswhogaveDianeherfirstcamera.DianesoondecidedtotakeaclasswiththefamousphotographerBereniceAbbott.TheArbuseseventual
6、lystartedtakingphotographsofclothing.TheseimageswereusedasadvertisementsforDianesfathersstore.Afterthebirthoftheirdaughter,DoonztheArbusesstartedabusinesstogether.Theirpurposewastophotographclothingfashions.DianeArbuswasthestylist.Shewouldpreparethehairandfacesofthefashionmodelswhoworetheclothingbei
7、ngphotographed.AllanArbustookthepictures.VOICETWO:ThecouplesoonhadjobsfromimportantfashionmagazinessuchasVogueandHarpersBazaar.Theirworkwasverysuccessfulduringthenineteenfifties.Theybecamepartofagroupofartiststhatwerehelpingtoredefinevisualculture.Theywerebreakingwithpasttraditionstocreateanewlookfo
8、ranewdecade,thesixties.VOICEONE:ButDianewasnotsatisfiedwithhersecondaryrole.Shewantedamoreactivepartinmakingphotographs.Shewantedtoexploreherownartisticexpressionandfreedom.Todothis,shestoppedworkingwithherhusband.ThenshestartedtakingphotographyclassesattheNewSchoolinNewYorkCity.Arbusteacher,Lisette
9、Model,influencedherinmanyways.SheshowedDianehowtouseacameralikeanexpert.ShealsotaughtDianetouseherarttofaceherdoubtsandfears.MizModeloncesaidthatDianesoonstartednotlisteningtomebutsuddenlylisteningtoherself.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:DianeArbuschosehersubjectsverycarefully.Shephotographedmanyofthesepeopleinorn
10、earNewYorkCity.Sheoftenchosetophotographunusualpeoplelivingontheedgeofacceptablesociety.Butsheshowedthecommonandrecognizablesideofsuchunusualpeople.Forexample,shetookpicturesofextremelyshortandextremelytallpeople.Shephotographedmendressedaswomen,circusperformers,andevenpatientswithseverementallimita
11、tions.Sheoncesaid:MyfavoritethingistogowhereIveneverbeen.VOICEONE:Oneofherfamousphotographswastakeninnineteensixty-six.Itisofayoungtransvestite.Atransvestiteisamanwhodressesandactslikeawoman.Thismaniswearingplasticobjectsinhishairtocurlandshapeit.Heisalsowearingmakeuponhisfacetomakeitlookmorelikeawo
12、man.Thepictureistakenfromcloseupwithseverelightingeffects.InthedarkcentersofhiseyesyoucanseethelightfromArbuscamera.Youcanseeeverydetailandimperfectionofhispaleskin.Helooksdirectlyatyouasthoughhehasnothingtohide.Hislookisoneofinterestandacceptance.VOICETWO:AnotherphotographlikethisiscalledMexicanDwa
13、rfinHisHotelRoominN.Y.C.Itwastakeninnineteenseventy.Here,Arbususessimilardramaticlighting.Sheshowsaclose-upviewoftheupperbodyandfaceofthisextremelysmallman.Helooksdirectlyatthecamerawiththesuggestionofasmile.Youcanseeallthelinesonhissmallshortfingers.Thehaironhischestandfaceseemsveryclose.Youcanalmo
14、stsmellthealcoholonthetablebesidehim.Youcanalmostfeelthesmoothclothsheetsonhisbed.Itisasthoughyouhaveenteredthepersonalworldofthissmallstranger.Theexpressionsofthesemenaresohonestthatitisalmostunpleasanttoobserve.DianeArbusexploredthistensioninherwork.Shecaughthersubjectsinpositionswheretheyshowthem
15、selvescompletely.Theydonotseemafraidtoshowtheirimperfectionsandstrangeness.Theydonothidethepartsofthemselvesthatarenotbeautiful.Theyopenlyshowtheirbodiesandsouls.Seeingthepictures,yousometimesfeelyouareinterferingintheprivatelivesofthesestrangepeople.Youfeellikemaybeyouarenotsupposedtobelooking.(MUS
16、IC)VOICEONE:SomeartcriticsbelieveDianeArbusphotographedsuchunusualpeopleasaresultofherbackground.Shegrewupinasafeandwealthyenvironment.Inphotographingthestrangeandimperfectpeopleinsociety,sherejectedherownsocialgroup.Sherevoltedagainstherupbringingtoprovethatshewasartisticallyindependent.Shechosetoe
17、xploretheunusualsidesofsocietyinsteadofacceptingcommonsubjectstophotograph.Arbusalsophotographedeverydaypeopleinawaythatmadethemlookveryunusual.Shewasabletotakethemostrecognizablepeopleandenvironmentsandmakethemseemstrange.Forexample,shetookpicturesofcouplesandfamiliesandevenoffemaletwins,sistersbor
18、natthesametime.VOICETWO:OneofhermostfamousphotographsiscalledIdenticalTwins.Itwastakeninnineteensixty-seveninRoselle,NewJersey.Twolittlegirlstakeuptheentirecenterofthephotograph.Theirfacesandbodiesareexactlyalike.Theyarewearingthesamedarkdressesandwhitebandsintheirhair.Thegirlslookcalmlyatthecameraw
19、ithlarge,paleeyes.Althoughtheyareyoung,theylookverywise,liketheyareintenselittleadults.VOICEONE:ThisimageofthetwinsbecamethecoverofanimportantbookofphotographytitledDianeArbus.Thebookwaspublishedinnineteenseventy-two.Itbecameoneofthebest-sellingphotographybooksinhistory.Thephotographofthetwinswasals
20、opartofamajorexhibitionofArbusworkattheMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkCitythatsameyear.Thisshowsetnewrecordsinattendancenumbers.Sadly,DianeArbusdidnotlivetoseethisshow.Shehadkilledherselftheyearbefore.Shewasforty-eightyearsold.VOICETWO:ThephotographsofDianeArbusremainverypopularinAmerica.InMarchoftwothou
21、sandfive,theMetropolitanMuseuminNewYorkhadamajorexhibitofherwork.Themuseumcuratorsgatheredmanyofherimportantphotographsfortheshow.Theyalsoexhibitedmanylesswell-knownworks.Buttheyalsotriedtoshowthepersonalsideofthisfamouswoman.Theyshowedherletters,camerasandbooks.ThebookDianeArbusRevelationsdocuments
22、thisspecialexhibition.VOICEONE:DianeArbusoncesaid:Aphotographisasecretaboutasecret.Themoreittellsyouthelessyouknow.ThiscommenthelpsexplainwhatissopowerfulaboutDianeArbusswork.Thepeopleinherphotosshowthemselves,butagreatdealaboutthemremainshiddenaswell.Herimagesmakeyouaskwhatyoumightshowaboutyourself
23、-andwhatyoumighttrytohide.VOICETWO:Today,DianeArbusimagesremainasfreshandintenseastheywerefortyyearsago.Expertssayherrevolutionarywayofcapturingpeopleonfilmhasproducedsomeofthemostimportantimagesintwentiethcenturyphotography.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyDanaDemange.mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.
