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1、美国名人糖果商人米尔顿赫尔希MiltonHersheyCreatedaSuccessfulBusinessandBuiltASweetTownplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:27repeatByNancySteinbach2006-6-17(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mBarbaraKlein.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeV.O.A.SpecialEnglishprogramPEOPLEINAMERICA.TodaywetellaboutMiltonHershey.Hebuiltoneofthesweetesttownsinthe
2、UnitedStates.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MiltonSnavelyHersheywasbornineighteenfifty-sevenincentralPennsylvania.HismotherwasamemberoftheMennoniteChurch.Thereligiousgroupvaluedself-denialandcommunityservice.Hisfatherworkedatmanydifferentjobs.TheHersheyfamilymovedseveraltimesduringMiltonschildhood.Hisparentsdidnot
3、haveahappymarriage.Theylivedseparatelyformuchoftheirlives.MissusHersheyfinallyrejectedherhusbandafteradaughterdiedineighteensixty-seven.VOICETWO:MiltonHersheystoppedattendingschoolwhenhewastwelveyearsold.HefirstwenttoworkasanassistantforamanwhopublishedaGermanlanguagenewspaper.Miltondidnotlikethejob
4、.Hewasdismissedafterdroppinghishatintoamachine.MiltonthengotajobwithacandyandicecreammakerinthetownofLancaster.There,helearnedhowtomixsugarandwatertomakecandyproducts.Atthetime,Americancandymakersusedchocolatemainlytocovercandies.Reportssayitwasbittertastingandnotatalllikethetasteofchocolatetoday.VO
5、ICEONE:MiltonmovedtothecityofPhiladelphiawhenhewaseighteenyearsold.Hehadalreadylearnedallhecouldaboutcandyproduction.Hismotherandherfamilyofferedtohelphimsetupacandystore.Butthebusinessfailedaftersixyears.MiltondecidedtojoinhisfatherinthewesternstateofColorado.TheyoungerHersheyfoundajobwithacandymak
6、erinDenver.There,heworkedwithakindofstickycandy:caramel.Healsolearnedtheimportanceofusingfreshmilkinmakinggoodcaramel.MiltonlaterattemptedcandybusinessesinChicagoandNewYorkCity.Butlikebefore,eachbusinessfailed.VOICETWO:MiltonreturnedtoLancaster.Mostfamilymembersconsideredhimafailure.Buthecontinuedto
7、receivehelpfromhismotherssisterandamanwhohadworkedatthePhiladelphiastore.Miltonbeganmakingcaramelshisownway-withfreshmilk.Hiscaramelsweresofterthanothersbeingsoldandlesssticky.Oneday,anEnglishimportertastedHersheyscaramelsandplacedalargeorder.SoontheLancasterCandyCompanywasasuccess.Hersheybecameoneo
8、fPennsylvaniastopbusinessmen.HewassellinghiscandiesallacrosstheUnitedStatesandEurope.VOICEONE:ThingsbeganchangingforHersheyafterhevisitedtheChicagoWorldsFairineighteenninety-three.AttheWorldsFair;hesawchocolatemakingmachinesfromGermany.Hedecidedthatchocolatewasthefutureofthecandybusiness,andboughtth
9、emachines.HehadthemmovedtoPennsylvania,andsoldtheLancasterCandyCompany.Hewasdevelopinganunusualplan-tobuildalargechocolatefactoryandatowntosupportit.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MichaelDAntoniowroteabookaboutMiltonHershey.ItsaysHersheygottheideaforhistownfromtheCadburyfamilyinBritain.TheCadburysmadechocolates.Th
10、eyalsobuiltafactorysurroundedbyatown.ThebooksaysHersheydecidedtodothesame.Hepaidformanybuildingsinhistown.Hewantedtocreateaplacewherehisfactorysworkerscouldowntheirownhouses.Inthisway,hepreventedHershey,Pennsylvaniafrombecomingafactorytowninwhichtheworkerswereforcedtopaytheiremployersforaplacetolive
11、.Hersheystownwasmodern.Ithadnicehouses,largepublicbuildings,andanelectricrailwaysystemforeasytransportation.Nearbyfarmsprovidedthechocolatefactorywithfreshmilkforitsproducts.VOICEONE:MiltonHersheyandhiscompanyfoundawaytomakelargeamountsofmilkchocolate.Thesecretwasusingfatfreemilkwiththeseedsofcacaot
12、reesandheatingthemslowly.TheHersheyCandyCompanywasonitswaytosuccess.MostofthecompanysworkerslovedMiltonHershey.Hemadeitpossibleforthemtoearngoodwagesandlivewell.ThebookHersheysayshesometimessharedthecompanysfinancialsuccesswiththem.YetMiltonHersheywasnotalwaysfair.WriterMichaelDAntoniosaysnoteveryon
13、ewashappylivinginaplacewhereonemanandhiscompanyattemptedtocontrolsomuch.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MiltonHersheydidnotmarryuntilhewasoverfortyyearsold.HesurprisedhisfamilywhenhemarriedCatherineSweeneyineighteenninety-eight.Somemembersofhisfamilydidnotapproveofher.ShewasaRomanCatholicfromNewYorkState.Miltoncall
14、edher,Kitty.TheHersheysfirstlivedinLancaster.Theylatermovedtoalargehousenearthefactory.Thelandaroundthehousewasknownforitsmanyflowersandplants.CatherineHersheywassickformuchofhermarriedlife.Shediedinnineteenfifteenattheageofforty-two.VOICEONE:TheHersheyswereunabletohavechildren,sotheydecidedtohelpne
15、edychildrenbycreatingaschoolforthem.MiltonHersheysaidtheschoolhadbeenhiswifesidea.Shereportedlywantedtoprovideasafeplaceforthoseinneedofagoodhomeandabetterchanceinlife.Innineteen-oh-nine,theHersheyscreatedtheHersheyIndustrialSchoolforboyswhohadlostoneorbothparents.Theyestablishedaspeciallegalagreeme
16、nt,ortrust,toprovidemoneyfortheschool.Theygavenearlytwohundredhectaresoffarmlandtothetrust.Atfirst,tenwhiteboysattendedtheschool.Butmoreandmoreboysattendedastimewenton.Theschoolprovidedtheboyswithagoodeducationandfarmingskills.VOICETWO:Afterhiswifedied,HersheygaveHersheyChocolateCompanystockshareswi
17、thavalueofsixtymilliondollarstothetrust.Thismoneymadeitpossiblefortheschooltoexpand.AfterHersheydied,thenameoftheschoolwaschangedtotheMiltonHersheySchool.Later,theschoolopeneditsdoorstoboysandgirlsofallracesandreligions.Today,theMiltonHersheySchoolhasmorethanonehundredstudenthomes.Eachhasthelatestte
18、chnologicalequipment,includingcomputers.Amanandhiswifeliveineachhouse.Theyserveasparentstoeighttotenstudents.Intwothousand-six,theMiltonHersheySchooleducatedaboutonethousandthreehundredstudents.And,thegiftfirstmadebyMiltonHersheyhasgrowntomorethanfivethousandmilliondollars.VOICEONE:ManyAmericansexpe
19、riencedeconomichardshipduringtheGreatDepressionofthenineteenthirties.ButMiltonHersheyputmanypeopletoworkinthetownbybuildingalargehotelandasportscenter.Healsocreatedanot-for-profitorganizationtoprovideeducationandculturetothelocaltownspeople.ThisorganizationcontinuestosupporttheHersheyTheaterandother
20、culturalcentersinthearea.Intheearlynineteensixties,theMiltonHersheySchoolTrustgavemoneyandlandtothePennsylvaniaStateUniversityforamedicalcenter.ThePennStateMiltonS.HersheyMedicalCenteropenedinnineteensixty-seven.Today,ithasfivethousandemployees.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MiltonHersheydiedinnineteenforty-five.H
21、eleftbehindthecompany,thetown,theschoolandthetrustthatsupportsit.Atthetimeofhisdeath,thecompanyhebuiltissaidtohaveproducedaboutninetypercentofallthemilkchocolatemadeintheUnitedStates.Intwothousandtwo,officialsoftheMiltonHersheySchoolTrustannouncedplanstosellthecompany.Theysaidtheywantedtohelpprotect
22、thefinancesoftheschool.TownspeopleandothersinPennsylvaniademonstratedagainstthesale.TheysaiditwoulddestroythetownHersheyhadworkedsohardtocreate.FormerstudentsattheMiltonHersheySchoolalsoworkedagainstthesale.Intheend,thesalewasnotcompleted.VOICEONE:Today,HershePennsylvaniaisunlikeanyothertownintheUni
23、tedStates.ThestreetlightsareshapedlikethecandycalledHersheysKisses.Theairthereoftensmellslikechocolate.Millionsofpeoplecomeeveryyeartostopatavisitorscenternearthefactory,stayattheHersheyHotel,andenjoytheHersheyAmusementPark.MiltonHersheywasnotaperfectman.ButhemayalwaysseemthatwaytothousandsofpeopleinPennsylvania.Theysaytheyliveinthesweetesttowninthecountry.VOICETWO:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyNancySteinbach.LawanDaviswasourproducer.ImSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmBarbaraKleininvitingyoutojoinusnextweekatthistimeforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
