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1、aImiIlSl福熊熊需瞄跚第nMwmu樽翻鬻Im雌JBV /*nyMMWW7Zi_em 口一nD Energy AgenCy!SH!gnguwuecuosuejA6jeu3epueBDeiINTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCYTheIEAexaminestheIEAmemberIEAassociationfullspectrumofenergyissuescountries:countries:includingoil,gasandcoalsupplyanddemand,renewableenergytechnologies,electricitymarkets,energyef
2、ficiency,accesstoenergy,demandsidemanagementandmuchmore.Throughitswork,theIEAadvocatespoliciesthatwillenhancethereliability,affordabilityandsustainabilityofenergyinits31membercountries,13associationcountriesandbeyond.AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzechRepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceH
3、ungaryIrelandItalyJapanKorea1.ithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNewZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovakRepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublicofTiirkiyeArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouthAfricaThailandUkraineThispublicationandanyUnitedKingdommapincludedhereinarewith
4、outprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,totheUnitedStatesdelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,TheEuropeancityorarea.CommissionalsoparticipatesintheworkoftheIEARevisedversion,December2023Informationnoticefoundat:Source: IEA.International Energy Ag
5、ency Website:eAbstractUgandasEnergyTransitionPlan(ETP)isastrategicroadmapforthedevelopmentandmodernisationofUganda,senergysector.Itchartsanambitious,yetfeasiblepathwaytoachieveuniversalaccesstomodernenergyandpowerthecountryseconomictransformationinasustainableandsecureway.TheplanwasdevelopedbyUganda
6、,sMinistryofEnergyandMineralDevelopment,withsupportfromtheInternationalEnergyAgency,andprovidesthegroundworkforthegovernmentsupcomingIntegratedEnergyResourceMasterPlan.TheanalysisdoesnotjustlookatUgandainisolationbutconsidershowglobaltrendsareinfluencingandopeningupnewopportunities,notablydrivenbyra
7、pidlyevolvingcleantechnologycostsandshiftsinenergyandclimatefinance.Particularfocusispaidtomakinguseofthecountrysconsiderableenergyandmineralresources,andparlayingthisintoeconomicdevelopmentforUganda,acorepillartoensurethepathwayintheETPisajustandinclusiveone.Thereportprovidesdetailedsector-by-secto
8、ranalysis,includingkeytargetsandmilestones,estimatesofinvestmentneeds,andincludeshigh-levelrecommendationsforitsimplementation.Whilethefocusofthereportisfromnowto2050,theETPalsohighlightskeystepstofurthertheenergysector,sdecarbonisationbeyond2050andestimatesatwhatpointtheenergysectorispoisedtoreachn
9、etzero.ForewordUgandaisinthemidstofanunprecedentedeconomictransformation.Thecountryisamongboththefastestgrowingpopulationsandeconomiesintheworld,withexpansionofmajorindustriesfuellingthetransformation.Thesetrendsaresettocontinueasweheadintoacriticaldecadeofeconomicgrowthanddevelopment.Ugandahasmades
10、ignificantstridesinrecentyears,witharemarkableexpansionofelectricityaccess,surpassingthegrowthratesofsub-SaharanAfrica.Overthepasttwodecades,ourpowersectorhasgrownalmostfivefold,significantlyreducingtheinefficientuseofimportedoilforpowergeneration.Since2015,wehaveprovidedcleanercookingalternativesto
11、morethan3.5millionUgandans,liberatingthemfromthehealthhazardsandtime-consumingburdensoftraditionalfirewoodandcharcoalstoves.However,comparatively,weremainenergypoor,withlowlevelsofelectricityandcleancookingaccess,andamongcountrieswiththelowestlevelsofmodernenergyconsumptionpercapitaglobally.Around90
12、%ofUganda,senergyneedsarestillmetbysolidbioenergy,givenitistheonlyenergysourceavailabletomanyinruralareas.Thisisnotsustainable,norisitanoptiontofuelfuturegrowthinUganda.ThisistheimperativethatmotivatedtheEnergyTransitionPlan:buildtheenergysystemfoundationsthatwillbenecessarytopowerUganda,sfutureinaj
13、ust,safe,secure,affordableandsustainablemanner.Therefore,wemustbuildonthecurrentsuccessinacceleratingaccesstocleanenergyandpushfurthertorealiseourvisionforamodernandprosperousUganda.Fortunately,Ugandaisblessedwithampleenergyresources,whichtheEnergyTransitionPlanmakesuseoftosecurelymeetgrowingenergyn
14、eedswhilealsorealisingtheeconomicgrowthandjobcreationpotentialthatharnessingtheseresourcesholds.TheEnergyTransitionPlantouchesonallaspectsoftheMinistryofEnergyandMineralDevelopmentswork,coveringrenewables,energyefficiency,nuclearpower,oilandgasresources,anddepositsofcriticalmineralsthatarekeytogloba
15、lenergytransitions.ItalsoreinforcesUganda,salreadyprominentroleasastrongregionalpartnerfordevelopingamorerobust,integratedenergyinfrastructureacrosstheregion,whichsupportsourcollectivegoalsforenergysecurityandgreatercollaboration.Ugandaisfullycommittedtoasustainablevisionforitsdevelopment.Alongsidet
16、helaunchoftheEnergyTransitionPlan,Ugandaannouncesitsintentiontoreachnetzeroemissionsinitsenergysectorby2065,whichpavesthewayforourcountrytoexploreaformaleconomy-widetargetforclimateneutrality.Ugandarecognisesandaffirmsitsresponsibilitytotakeactiontomitigaterisingemissionsandseesthatthesustainableway
17、ofdevelopmentisincreasinglytheeconomicway,allowingthecountrytoplayasignificantroleingrowingcleanenergysupplychainsandtappingintonewopportunitiesforcarbon-relatedfinancialflows.TheEnergyTransitionPlanwasdevelopedinconcertwithanumberofinternationalpartners,whoprovidedinputandhelpedvalidatetheplan,stec
18、hnicalrobustnessandambition.Wearethankfulfortheirsupport,especiallytheInternationalEnergyAgency,andlookforwardtodeepeningthesepartnershipsasweturntoimplementation.ThelaunchoftheEnergyTransitionPlanisaclearsignalthatdemonstratesUgandasopennessforinvestment.Wewelcomecompaniesandinvestorstoworkwithus,e
19、xploringpublic-privatepartnershipsandnewinnovativeapproachestofinancingthecountry,senergyandcriticalmineralsindustries.Weknowtheprivatesectorneedstobeassuredofaconsistentdirectionoftravel,andthisplanprovidestheclear,long-termstrategicsignalstoanswerthatneed.Eventhoughwemustremainadaptablealongtheway
20、,UgandadoesnotintendtorelentfromtheoutcomesandkeymilestonesoftheEnergyTransitionPlan.Thesustainabledevelopmentofourenergyandmineralssectorsisconsideredvitaltonotonlyourownprosperity,butthatoftheworld,s.Ugandaiscommittedtobuildingamoreliveableplanetforfuturegenerations.Weareproudtounveilthistransform
21、ativelong-termstrategyandinvitetheworldtojoinusasweembarkonthedemandingyetrewardingjourneyoftheimplementationoftheEnergyTransitionPlan.RuthNankabirwaSsentamuMinisterofEnergyandMineralDevelopment,UgandaAcknowledgements,contributorsandcreditsTheEnergyTransitionPlan(ETP)wasdevelopedandproducedthroughco
22、llaborationbetweenUgandasMinistryofEnergyandMineralDevelopment(MEMD)andtheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA).TheETPwasdesignedanddirectedbyLauraCozzi1Director,Sustainability,TechnologyandOutlooksattheIEAandDrGeraldBanaga-Baingi,AssistantCommissioner,TechnicalPlanning,attheMEMD.Oversightofthereport,sdeve
23、lopmentwasprovidedbyseniorofficialsfromUgandasMinistryofEnergyandMineralDevelopment,includingtheHon.RuthNankabirwaSsentamu,MinisterofEnergyandMineralDevelopment,theHon.SidroniusOkaasaiOpolot,MinisterofStateforEnergy,theHon.PeterLokeris,MinisterofStateforMineralDevelopment,IreneBateebe,PermanentSecre
24、taryandGraceTusiime5UnderSecretary.DanielWetzel,HeadoftheTrackingSustainableTransitionsUnitattheIEA,co-ordinatedandledtheanalysis,andproductionofthereport.PrincipalauthorswereNouhounDiarra,DarlainEdeme,EmmaGordon,YannickMonschauer,IsabellaNotarpietro,ArthurRoge,GabrielSaive,CarloStaraceandGianlucaTo
25、nolo.OthercontributionsweremadebymanycolleaguesfromacrosstheIEA,includingCaleighAndrews,BlandineBarreau1EmileBelin-Bourgogne5JoseMiguelBermudezMenendez,JennyBirkeland,TomasBredarioldeOliveira,EricBuisson,VittoriaChen,DanielCrow,AmritaDasgupta,SyrineElAbed,MathildeFajardy,VictorGarciaTapia,AlexandreG
26、ouy,PabloHevia-Koch,JeromeHilaire,PaulHugues,BrunoIdini,MartinKuppers5AliceLatella5RitaMadeira,PeterLevi,JinsunLim5CarsonMaconga,TaylorMorrison,FrancescoPavan,DianaPerezSanchez,LeonieStaas,ApostolosPetropoulos,UweRemme,RichardSimon,ThomasSpencer,PouyaTaghavi-Moharamli,RyotaTaniguchi,TiffanyVassandAn
27、thonyVautrin.ValuablecommentsandfeedbackwereprovidedbyseniormanagementandcolleagueswithintheIEA.Inparticular,YasmineArsalane,StephanieBouckaert,JoelCouse,RebeccaGaghen,TimGould,KeisukeSadamoriandCeciliaTam.MarinaDosSantosandRekaKoczkaprovidedessentialsupport.DianeMunrocarriededitorialresponsibilityf
28、orthereport.ThanksgototheIEA,sCommunicationsandDigitalOfficefortheirhelpinproducingthereportandwebsitematerials,particularlytoJethroMullen,PoeliBojorquez,CurtisBrainard,JonCuster,HortensedeRoffignac1AstridDumond,MerveErdil,GraceGordon,JuliaHorowitz,OliverJoy,IsabelleNonain-Semelin,JuliePuech5RobertS
29、tone,SamTarling1ClaraVallois,LucileWall,ThereseWalshandWonjikYang.TheIEA,sOfficeoftheLegalCounsel,OfficeofManagementandAdministration,andtheEnergyDataCentreprovidedassistancethroughoutthepreparationofthereport.SupportforenergymodellingwasalsoprovidedbySylvainCailandAurelienPeffenfromEnerData.Thisrep
30、ortbenefitedfromUgandasparticipationintheEnerqyMOdelIingPIatformforAfriCaandJOintSUmmerSChoOlOnModeIIinaToOISforSUStainabIeDeVelODmentrunbytheIEAinpartnershipwithClimateCompatibleGrowth.DrGeraldBanaga-Baingico-ordinatedandledtheUgandanteamofkeycontributors,includingHerbertAbigaba5EdwinaAhamize,Justi
31、neAkumu,IreneKeissyAtim5StevenSheruraBainenaama5DavidBirimumaso,BeatriceBusingyejGabrielData,MugiziHerbert,BrianIsabirye,EdwardMagadduIsabirye,SamanthaKamanzi,JonanKandwanaho,MercyKanyesigye,LoyolaKarobwa,HerbertKato,VincentKedi,ConnieKodet5JohnKyazze,AdellaKyohairwe,OketchMarkLazarus,MusaMukulu,Chr
32、istineMukwaya,HatimuMuyanja,CharlesMwesige,EmmanuelSandeNsubuga,EsterNyangoma,JamesMosesOmara5DesmondTutuOpio,DorothyOrishaba5DomisianoOwor,SimonPeterSsekitoleko,TonnySserubiri,DennisTusiimeTungotyo5EdsonTusiime,KaggwaUsamahandLawokoOliveWinnie.TheInternationalEnergyAgencyandGovernmentofUgandawouldl
33、iketoexpressappreciationtoAgenceFranaisedeDeveloppementfortheircontributiontotheCleanEnergyTransitionsProgrammeattheIEA5whichmadethisreportpossible.PeerreviewersManygovernmentofficialsandinternationalexpertsprovidedinputandreviewedpreliminarydraftsofthereport.Theircommentsandsuggestionswereofgreatva
34、lue.Theyinclude:Rashid Ali AbdallaRob BailisSimon BatchelorKimball ChenPaulina ChiwanguWill ClementsElisa DerbySantos Jose Diaz PastorAfricanEnergyCommissionStockholmEnvironmentInstituteModernEnergyCookingServicesTheGlobalLPGPartnershipUNWomenModernEnergyCookingServicesCleanCookingAllianceUniversida
35、dPontificiaComillasJeremy GascJesus Gavilan Marin Geir Hermansen Samuel Kajoba Matthew Leach Stella Mandago Thibault Martinelle Samson Masebinu Elizabeth Muchiri David NjugiIgnacio Perez-ArriagaElisa PuzzoIoCamilo Ramirez Gomez Juliette RoseMarc Trouyet Henri WaismanAgenceFranaisedeDeveloppementDele
36、gationoftheEuropeanUniontoUgandaNoradNorwegianEmbassyinKampalaModernEnergyCookingServicesAfricanDevelopmentBankAgenceFranaisedeDeveloppementUSAIDGlobalLPGPartnershipGlobalOff-GridLightingAssociation(GOGLA)MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandComillasPontificalUniversityInstituteofPopulationHealth,Un
37、iversityof1.iverpoolKTHRoyalInstituteofTechnologyAgenceFranaisedeDeveloppementAgenceFranQaisedeDeveloppementInstitutduDeveloppementDurableetdesRelationsInternationales(IDDRI)TableofcontentsExecutivesummary10Chapter 1: Settingthescene151.1 Introduction151.2 Uganda,senergysystemstoday161.3 Guidingprin
38、ciplesoftheEnergyTransitionPlan211.4 Scenariodescriptions27Chapter 2: UgandasEnergyTransitionPlan282.1 Overview282.2 Energyaess332.3 Buildingsandagriculture422.4 Transport452.5 Industry482.6 Power552.7 Energysupply622.8 Emissions68Chapter 3: RealisingtheEnergyTransitionPlan753.1 Introduction753.2 In
39、vestment753.3 Financing803.4 Keyenablers823.5 Actionsandrecommendations903.6 NextstepsforoperationalisingtheEnergyTransitionPlan97Annexes98Annex A -Tablesforscenarioprojections98Annex B -Abbreviationsandacronyms104Annex C -Unitsofmeasure106ExecutivesummaryAvisionforenergisingUganda,seconomictransfor
40、mationUgandaisamongthefastestgrowingcountriesintheworld.Maintainingthispaceofgrowthwouldamounttoaneconomictransformationforthecountry.Ugandaisstillalow-incomecountry,withaGDPpercapita40%belowthesub-SaharanAfricaaverage.However,inthelasttwodecades,realGDPhasgrownbyaround6%annually.TheIMFisforecasting
41、similargrowthonthehorizon,whichwouldneedtobesustainedtomeetUgandasdevelopmentandpovertyreductiongoals,includingreachingupper-middle-incomestatusby2040.Energysystemsmustmoderniseandexpandrapidlytomeettheseambitions,promptingUganda,sdecisiontodeveloptheEnergyTransitionPlan(ETP).Theobjectivesoftheplan,
42、statedbyUgandasMinistryofEnergyandMineralDevelopment(MEMD),are: Provideuniversalaccesstoelectricityandcleanercookingby2030. ModerniseanddiversifyUgandasenergymixandpromoteitsefficientuseacrossallsectorstosupportindustrialgrowth,povertyreductionandsocioeconomictransformation. Ensuresecureandaffordabl
43、eenergysupply. MitigateenergyemissionsinlinewithUganda,sconditionalclimatecommitments,whichimplya20%reductioncomparedtobaselineemissionsin2030. PositionUgandaasanenergyhubfortheEastAfricanregion.Thisreport,producedinclosecollaborationwithUganda,providesanambitiousyetfeasiblepathwayfortheenergysector
44、tomeetthesestrategicobjectives.GivenUganda,spointofdeparture,effortsmustbesteppeduptodevelopthecountry,senergysystems.Electricityandcleancookingaccessratesremainlow,ataround45%and15%,respectively,despiterecentprogressdrivenbystronggovernmentprogrammes.Modernenergyconsumptionpercapitaremainslow-aroun
45、d30timeslowerthantheaverageinadvancedeconomies.Solidbiomass,largelyfirewood,charcoal,andbagasseusedinbuildingsandindustry,accountsfor90%ofthecountrysfinalenergyconsumptiontoday.Importantly,thecountryhasmanydomesticenergyandmineralresourcesthatcanhelprealisetheenergytransition.Ugandahasamplepotential
46、forsolar,hydroelectricandgeothermalpower.WiththeopeningoftheTilengaandKingfisheroilfieldsin2025,Ugandaissettobecomeanoilproducerandexporterforthefirsttime.Currentlythecountryimportsallitsoilproducts.ItalsohasnewgraphiteandrareearthprojectsinOromandMakuutuunderdevelopmentandholdsimportantdepositsofot
47、hercriticalminerals.Theseresources,ifharnessedwell,couldreinforcethetransitionandcontributetoUganda,seconomicgrowth.ThefirststepofthetransitionisreachinguniversalenergyaccessTherateofprogressrequiredtoreachuniversalaccessissteep,butnotunprecedented.PriortodisruptionsfromtheCovid-19pandemic,electrici
48、tyaccessratesimprovedat5%annually,andcleancookingratesaround1.5%.Toreachuniversalaccesstoelectricityby2030,over800000householdswouldneedtogainaconnectioneachyearto2030.Kenya,Rwanda,BangladeshandIndiahaveallachievedsimilarratesofprogressinthepast.Forcleancooking,Ugandawouldneedtodeploymorethanonemillionimprovedbiomassorcleancookingstoveseachyeartoreachitstarget,roughly4%oftheestimatedglobalcleancookstovemarkettoday.Reachinguniversalaccessthisdecadereliesonalls
