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1、据说,就算一辈广都住在老虎的国度Theysayyoucanliveyourentirelife也可能无法看见老虎的行踪intigercountryandneverlayeyesonatiger.它们是神出鬼没Theyresuchsecretive,stealthy,无与伦比的掠食者andpeerlesspredators.老虎凌驾在森林里的所有动物之上Tigersdominateeverythingelseintheforest.这只母老虎正在觅食Thisfemaleislookingforsomethingtoeat.不幸的是,情势对它不利Sadly,forher,theoddsarenot
2、inherfavor.它平均每打猎十次只会成功一次Foreverytentries,shellmakejustonesuccessfulkill.它的猎物有一种意外的优势Herpreyholdsanunlikelyadvantage.梅花鹿很容易被吓到Sikadeerstartleeasily.要捕捉动作这么快的动物Tocatchsuchafleetanimal,thetigress老虎必须靠得非常近mustgetveryclose.伪装对它的帮助有限Camouflagegetsheronlysofar.鹿对每种声音,气味或奔驰的动作Deerarevigilanttoeverysound,sm
3、ell,都很警觉ordartingmovement.这次不值得它耗费精力Thistime,theyrenotworthherenergy.它必须省点力气Sheneedstosavefuel.尤其是在这种天气especiallyinthisweather.它是个母亲Shesamother还要喂食两只小老虎withtwocubstofeed,它们一公一母,大约一岁大amaleandafemalejustaboutayearold.它们都还需要好一阵子才会独♥立♥Theyrebothstillalongwayfromindependence.这些小老虎很幸运Thesecu
4、bsarelucky.它们的母亲是打猎高手Theirmotherisanexperthunter.它们不会挨饿Theywontstarve.它们很快就得学会自己猎食Soon,theyllhavetolearnhowtohuntforthemselves,每天得想办法吃一顿大餐onegoodmealeverydaybecausethisisRussia,s因为这里是俄♥罗&hearts撕♥的远东地区FarEast,wherewintertemperatures在冬季时气温降到华氏零下20度并不稀奇ofminus20degreesFahrenheitarenotunus
5、ual.数千年来Forthousandsofyears,Siberian,西伯利亚虎,又称为东北虎alsoknownasAmurtigers,haveoccupied它们占据了俄♥罗♥斯♥的东南角thissoutheasterncornerofRussia.一万四千平方英里的荒野14,000squaremilesOfwildernessthatsbeen被列为野生动物保护区setasideaswildlifepreserves这里有一座原始山脉withinapristine叫做西霍帖亚林岭mountainrangecalledtheSikhoteAli
6、n,又名老虎天堂otherwiseknownasTigerParadise.这里的森林满是猎物Hereforestsarebrimmingwithgame象是野猪和梅花鹿likewildboarandSikadeer.我和我的家族MyfamilyandIhavelivedinthisforest世世代代都生活在这座森林里forgenerations.我们是一个虎群Wereknownasastreakoftigers.这片保护区是我们最后的堡垒Thesepreservesareourlaststronghold.现在有六百只老虎栖息在俄♥罗♥斯♥的远东地
7、区600ofustigersnowliveinRussiasFarEast.我们是野生猫科动物中体型最大的Wearethebiggestofallwildcats,我们这些猫需要活动和打猎的空间catsthatneedroomtorangeandtohunt,尤其是像我这种雄性首领especiallyifyourethedominantmalelikeme.我跟儿只母老虎分享我的地盘Isharemyterritorywithseveralfemales.其中一个就是我们孩子的妈妈Oneofthemisthetigress,motherofourcubs.这些小老虎很快就得离开Soon,thes
8、ecubswillhavetoleave让路给新的小老虎tomakewayfornewcubs.年轻的公老虎必须像游牧民族-样四处流浪Theyoungmalewillhavetowanderlikeanomad直到它找到自己的天堂untilhefindshisownparadise.寻找的过程可能会很危险Thesearchcouldbedangerous.有些老虎会跑得太远Somecatsrangesofar,theyleavethesafety离开安全的保护区ofthepreserves,这对任何年轻老虎来说都很危险arisk,foranyyoungtiger.就在几十年前Justafewd
9、ecadesago,tigersinRussia俄♥罗&hearts撕♥的老虎被猎捕到几乎绝种werehuntedtonearextinction.人类捕捉小老虎Humanscapturedandsoldcubstozoosandcircuses卖♥♥给世界各地的动物园和马戏团acrosstheglobe.成虎的下场更惨Adultsfaredevenworse.每年有数十只成虎被捕虎队杀害Dozensofuswerekilledbyspecialbrigadeseveryyear.我们的数量减少到30只左右Ournumbersdwindl
10、edtosome30individuals.人类曾经是我们的敌人Humansweretheenemy.现在的情况完全不同了Today,itsadifferentstory.世界各地的老虎都受到保护Tigersareprotectedallovertheworld.而保护措施也让我们出了名andwithprotectioncomesacertainnotoriety.这些研究员是来研究我们的行为Theseresearchersareheretostudyourbehavior.我们是充满魅力的巨型动物Werecharismaticmegafauna.所以他们在我的森林里sotheyresetti
11、ngupcameratraps到处设置r相机陷阱allthroughmyforest.他们什么都想知道Theywantoknowallsortsofthings-比方说老虎怎么彼此沟通howwetigerscommunicate.小老虎几岁学会打猎？atwhatagedocubslearntohunt?很可爱吧？Arenttheycute?老虎需要多少活动空间？Howmuchspacedotigersneed?同一片地盘上会有几只老虎出没？Andhowmanyofuswillcrowdaroundasinglehomerange?我们什么时候最活跃？Whenarewemostactive?我们
12、多常用自己的气味留下标记Andhowoftendowemarkourscenttosend传达讯息给其他老虎？amessagetoothertigers?他们甚至想知道我们会不会迁徙Theyevenwanttoknowifwemigrate就像人类一样thewayhumansseemtodo.经过80年的严格保育Itstaken80years我们的数量才得以回升ofrigorousconservationtoseeourpopulationrecoverhere,但问题是,有越多老虎存活下来buttheresacatchthemoretigersthatsurvive,我们就需要越多活动空间t
13、hemorespacewerequiretothrive.我们没办法一直往北走Wecanonlytravelsofarnorth因为食物会变得太少beforefoodbecomesscarce.最好还是待在有多种生物的环境中Bettertostickitoutamongadiversityofothercreatures.西霍帖亚林岭在这一点上非常独特,TheSikhoteAlinmountainrangeisuniqueinthisway.亚北极和亚♥热♥带物种都能在这里生存Bothsubarcticandsubtropicalspeciessurvive并把这里
14、视为家园hereandmakethisareatheirhome.毕竟有谁会不想住在andwhoorwhatwouldntwanttolive这片原始的天堂呢？inthisprimevalparadise?成双成对的绶带鸟Breedingpairsofparadiseflycatcher在五月时从南亚来到这里arrivehereinMayfromsouthernAsia.双亲共同分担养育子女的辛劳Thetoilofraisingyoungissharedbytheparents.绶带鸟是很罕见的Asightingofaparadiseflycatcherisrare.梅花鹿的数量倒是很多whi
15、lesikadeerarenumerous,especiallyhere尤其是在我们这个地区的南部inthesouthernpartofourregion.经过漫长的冬天,鹿都营养不良Afteralongwinter,deeraremalnourished.它们不只是在喝水解渴Notonlyaretheyquenchingtheirthirst,这些鹿在泥巴里寻找重要的矿物质thesedeerseekoutvitalmineralsinthemudthat以便补充营养它们的主食是青草,树叶supplementtheirdietofgrasses,leaves,真菌和蕨类fungi,andfer
16、ns.可恶,它们感觉到我的存在了Ah.Theysensemypresence,而且还有一只鹿宝宝andtheresababy,too.其中一只鹿发出警报Oneofthemsoundsthealarm.至少它们知道在这里谁才是老大Well,atleasttheherdknowswhosbossaroundhere.这只年轻公鹿现在是我的了Thisismyyoungbucknow.我要先好好吃顿再把尸体藏起来mgoingtogetagoodfeedbeforeIcache以免被食腐动物发现thiscarcasstohideitfromscavengers.小老虎的妈妈一定会跟它们分享猎物Thecu
17、bsmotherwouldsurelysharethekillwiththem,但如果我要保住我的王位butifmgoingtokeepmycrown.我不会跟任何人分享Isharewithnobody.吃饱后我就开始打帕Thefoodismakingmedrowsy.该来好好睡一觉了Timeforagoodnap.在俄♥罗♥斯♥的其他地区顶级掠食者这个头衔非熊莫属AcrosstherestofRussia,thejoboftoppredatorbelongstobears.熊是地球上适应力最强的哺乳动物之一Bearsaresomeofthemosta
18、daptivemammalsonearth,这种杂食性动物会吃莓果,鸟蛋omnivoresthatforageonberriesornesteggs或小型哺乳动物orsmallermammals.在河流进入旺季时andwhentherivercomesintoseason,它会大吃新鲜鞋鱼adietrichinfreshsalmon.每四年,鞋鱼的繁殖周期达到高峰Everyfouryears,thebreedingcycleofsalmonpeaks.山中溪流的上游会出现大量的鱼Greatnumbersoffishappearintheupperreaches它们在那里产卵,然后死去ofmou
19、ntainstreams,wheretheyspawnbeforetheydie.老虎只需要捡现成的食物就行了Allatigerhastodoispickupareadymeal.我很高兴可以为冬天增肥mhappyforthechancetofattenupforwinter因为在这样的山上becauseinmountainslikethese,noteveryyear不是每年都物产丰饶bringsaseasonofplenty.如果食物稀少的话对我们大猫的打击跟对其他生物是一样的Ameagreharvesthitsuscatsjustlikeeveryothercreature.有些老虎甚至
20、会因此猎杀小熊Sometigerswillresorttohuntingabearcub或是跑到人类生活的地方觅食orlookforfoodwherehumanslive.这时麻烦就开始了andthatswhenthetroublebegins.老虎离开森林时就会有坏事发生BadStuffhappenswhentigersleavetheforest有人被监视器拍到了Someonegotcaughtoncamera.猫对上狗Catsversusdogs.还是老样干Sameoldroutine.这只老虎肯定很饿Musthavebeenonehungrytiger.库托索夫卡村位于山区西侧Thev
21、illageofKutusovkaliesonthewesternedge就在老虎保护区外面ofthemountainsjustoutsidethetigerpreserve.一百多个人类居民现在少了一只宠物Onehundredorsohumansandnowonefewerpet.昨晚又有老虎把一只1.astnight,atigertookoutanotherdog被绑在院子的狗杀死了chainedupinayard.尤里柯帕克和他的老虎专家团队JuriKolpakandhisteamoftigerexpertshavebeen被请来进行调查calledintoinvestigate.柯帕克
22、的团队与州政♥府♥Kolpaksteamworkwithbothstateauthorities,还有东北虎中心合作aswellastheAmurTigerCentre,该中心是一个保育团体aconservationgroup.他们的任务很简单TheirmissionisprettyStraightforward-那就是化解老虎和人类之间的冲突de-escalateconflictbetweentigersandhumans.线索不多,只有项圈和几撮毛Notmuchtogoon,acollarandafewtuftsoffur.不是我♥干&hearts
23、;的Itwasntme,我希望也不是我家族中的某只老虎干的andIhopeit,snoneofthetigersinmyfamilystreak.没有人希望这种攻击事件再次发生Noonewantsanattacklikethistohappenagain.柯帕克和他的手下很擅长帮人类找到我们Kolpakandhisguysareprettygoodatfindingusforhumans.他们会根据找到的证据或纪录Theteamwillbuildaprofileoftheproblemtiger对惹事的老虎进行侧写withanyevidencetheyfindorrecord.我也想知道是谁I
24、wanttoknowwhoitis,too.秋天降临俄♥罗♥斯♥老虎的国度AutumncomestoRussiantigercountry一开始很美好sweetlyatfirst.我的孩子们快两岁了Mycubsarenearlytwoyearsoldnow.它们的母亲快停止喂食它们了Theirmotherisabouttostopfeedingthem,这表示它们该想办法独力谋生了asignalthatit,stimetheyfindawaytoliveontheirown.小公虎已经不小了Themalecubisnotsolittleanymore.
25、它已经长得比它的姊妹大只了Healreadydwarfshissister.我并不介意小母虎留在它母亲身边Itwontbothermetoomuchifthefemaleremainsnearhermother,但公虎必须离开butthemale,hesgottogo.对我们来说,地盘就是一切Forus,territoryiseverything.老虎没有地盘是活不久的Withoutit,atigercan,tliveforlong.寻找无人占据的土地Findingunclaimedlandwillbethebiggestchallenge将会是我儿子毕生最大的挑战ofmyson,slife.
26、运气好的话Withanyluck,它独♥立♥的第一年会有很多机会hisfirstyearOfindependencewillbefatwithopportunity.如果树木真的能彼此沟通Iftreesindeedcommunicatewithoneanother,那么俄♥罗♥斯♥远东地区的森林就会象是一场歌♥剧thentheRussianFarEastforestislikeanopera.这里有一种树无所不知那就是高丽松Onetreehereknowsalltheparts-theKoreanpine.这些
27、松树每年都会结出招牌果实Everyyear,thesepinesbeartheirsignaturefruit,松果pinecones.每四年就会达到巅峰Everyfourthyear,theresaboom.卷个人都能获得好处Everyoneprofits.想赶在冬天来临前增肥的野猪Wildboar,eagertofattenupbeforewinter,大啖高密度的蛋白质gorgeonthedenseprotein.其实人类很爱高丽松和松果Infact,humansloveKoreanpinewoodandnutssomuch甚至成为这种树的守护者theyvebecomeguardians
28、ofthetreejust就像他们保护我们老虎一样astheyprotectustigers.西伯利亚花栗鼠也会利用松果潮Siberianchipmunksexploitthepineboom,too.在阳光普照的山坡上Onsunnyslopes,theManchurianoakis满洲橡树也是一种产量丰富的树木anotherprolificprovider.让地面布满厚厚一层橡实fillingthegrounduntilit,sthickwithacorns.丰盛的食物从树上自动落下Bountyrainsdownfromthetrees,这表示鹿的数量会增加whichmeansdeernum
29、bersgoup!对老虎来说都是好消息Allverygoodnewsfortigers!我的老虎天堂包含一个偏远的河流盆地Mypatchoftigerparadiseincludesaremoteriverbasin.有些人称这片辽阔的土地是俄♥罗&hearts撕♥的亚马逊SomecallthisvastareatheRussianAmazon因为这里有多样化的野生动植物foritsdiversewildlife而且不只是四条腿的那种andnotjustthefour-leggedvariety.这里也是以狩猎采集为主的原住民It,salsohometotheUde
30、ghenation乌德盖人的家园他们靠在树冠下生长的东西为生ofhunter-gatherers,whomakealivingfromwhatgrowsunderthecanopy.对,我认识这个人类Yeah,Iknowthishuman.克里姆每年都会来这里Klimcomeshereeveryyear.他的目标是小型猎物Hesaftersmallgame.他想要黑貂的皮毛Sableforitsfur.这么小的动物对我来说没什么价值Ananimalthatsmallisprettyworthlesstome.但它们在寒冷的环境中特别活跃Still,theythriveparticularlyw
31、ellinthecold,克里姆大费周章地诱捕它们andKlimgoestoalotoftroubletotrapthem.看他对他的装置多着迷啊1.ookhowabsorbedheisbyhiscontraption.挺笨拙的Ratherclumsy.人类没办法直接咬断猎物的脖子Humanscantjustbitedownandbreaktheneckoftheirprey.克里姆必须等到冬天才会有黑貂上钩Klimmustwaituntilwinterforasabletofinallytakethebait.乌德盖人数百年来都居住在俄♥罗♥斯♥的远
32、东地区UdeghehavepopulatedRussiasFarEastforcenturies,但老虎来得比他们更早buttigerswereherefirst已经有数万年之久了fortensofthousandsofyears.克里姆知道我们一直都在附近Klimknowswereneververyfaraway.你看他在直看老虎在多久之前经过这里1.ook.Hescheckingtoseehowrecentlyoneofuswalkedby.克里姆的最高守则是“远离老虎？Klimsgoldenrulekeepawayfromtigers.冬天来得很快,几乎是在一夜之间Wintercomes
33、quickly,almostovernight.这是什么状况？andwhathavewehere?我儿子要尝试它全新的打猎技巧了Mysonisgoingtotryouthisbrand-newhuntingskills.在俄♥罗♥斯♥远东地区的寒冬中InthedeepcoldwinterofRussiasFarEast,每种生物都必须奋力搏斗才能在厚厚的积雪中生存everycreaturemustfighttosurviveinheavysnowpack.我儿子,这只年轻的公虎,也是其一Myson,theyoungmale,isamongthem.它必
34、须打猎,否则会冻死Hehastomakeakill,orhellfreeze.如果你以为抓猎物很容易Youdbeforgivenifyouthoughtcatching那也情有可原apreyanimaliseasy.鹿的反射神经非常好Deerhaveincrediblereflexes.只要风向稍微改变就有可能让老虎因为气味而曝光Asimpleshiftinthewindcouldtipoffatiger,sscent.要是它们看到我儿子或闻到它的话Iftheyseemycub,orsmellhim,就没戏唱了itsgameover.这些鹿跑得太快了Thesedeerweretoofast.我
35、儿子不能冒险失去追鹿会消耗的卡路里Mysoncantaffordtolosethecaloriesitwouldtaketorunonedown.它总有一天会学会的Helllearn.数千英里的原始林地ThousandsofmilesOfpristinewoodland应该有足够的空间shouldbeamplespaceforayoungmaletoestablish让年轻公虎建立自己的地盘但是这片土地上ahometerritorybutthelandmustbeclearofotherpowerful,不能有其他强壮健康的雄性首领healthymalesalreadyincommand.我们
36、像国王一样巡逻自己地盘上的每个角落1.ikekings,wepatrolallthebordersofourrange.我们靠撒尿和摩擦的方式留下气味Oursprayandrubbingourscentserveasaguardrail这就像护栏一样杆卫着我们的地盘toprotectourdomain,ourpreyanimals,猎物和母老虎andourfemales.年轻小伙子不能来惹我们这些老公虎Noyoungmaleshouldmesswithusoldguys.讯息很清楚,一切都是我的Themessageisclearailmine!到了12月,河水开始结冰ByDecember,th
37、eriverfreezesover.等冰层完全变硬克林姆就可以狩猎了Assoonastheiceissolid,Klimcangohunting.我会让他带走几只动物lllethimtakeafewanimals,但克里姆通常只关心能卖♥♥钱的东西butKlimtendstofocusonhiscashcrops毛茸茸的黑貂还有鱼,每果和药用植物furrysable,plusfish,berries,medicinalplants.他只专注在陷阱上,不会打扰老虎Hestooabsorbedwithhistrapstobotheratiger.我们有几只老虎在这片土地
38、上打猎包括我和我的一位女眷Afewofushuntthisland,oneofmyfemalesandI.我们每年会制伏60到70只动物Welleachtakedown60or70animalsayear,大部分是鹿,麋鹿和野猪mostlydeer,elk,andwildboar.克里姆会记录我们的位置Klimtakesnotesonwhereweare.我也在注意他Ikeepaneyeonhim,too.我们很幸运这里是少数Werefortunate.Thisisoneoftheonlyplaces人类和老虎没有发生冲突的地方wherethereisnohuman-tigerconflict
39、.克里姆知道绝对不能偷老虎的肉Klimknowsnevertostealmeatfromatigersquarry.那是禁忌Thatstaboo,而且他相信杀老虎会带来厄运andhebelieveskillingatigerbringsbadluck多年来,克里姆的族人Overtheyears,Klimspeoplehavebeenpushed被迫迁移到偏远地区,跟老虎一样furtherintoremoteterritory,sameastigers.事实上,如果没有乌德盖人Infact,wewouldnthavethiswilderness我们就不会有这片荒野ifitwerentforthe
40、Udeghe,这是为了保护我们两方protectionforbothoursakes.我们的命运交织在一起Ourfatesareinterwoven.乌德盖人和老虎Udegheandtigers,bothfueledbyadesire都渴望守住我们珍贵的主♥权♥toholdontoourprecioussovereignty.我的一位女卷来了Herecomesoneofmyfemalesnow,它在做它最擅长的事doingwhatshedoesbest.这位女猎手深谙此道Thishuntressknowshergame.它很清楚要怎么得到它想要的andhowtoge
41、texactlywhatshewants.你瞧瞧Well,well,well.一只小鹿Oneyoungdeer.独自在吃草grazingalone.远离鹿群awayfromtheherd.对一只饥饿的母老虎来说Whatcouldbebetter.有什么比这更赞的呢？forahungrytigress?它以强而有力的下颗解决了小鹿Herpowerfuljawsfinishthejob.好实在的杀戮Whatasolidkill.它需要一个安全的地方存放战利品Shellneedasafeplacetostoreherprize这样它就能连续吃上好几天soshecanfeedonitfordays.因
42、为零下20度的北极气温becausearctictemperaturesof20below不是开玩笑的takenoprisoners.对这些乌鸦来说也一样Thatholdsforthesecrows,aswell.几只很吵的鸟不会困扰我的母老虎Afewnoisybirdsdon,tbothermytigress.它有很多肉Shehasplentyofmeat这具尸体能让它和其他森林朋友Thecarcasswillsustainherandotherforestfriends度过接下来几天forthenextcoupleofdays.骨头和血都会被吃得干干净净bones,blood,andall
43、.安全了,各位Allclear,guys.吃晚餐罗Dinner!从远处看乌鸦看起来没那公大Fromadistance,crowsdontlookthatbig除非你是只黄鼠狼unlessyoureaweasel.它会搞清楚该如何得到它那一份的Hesgonnafigureitout,howtogethisshare.省省吧,好吗？Giveitarest,willyou?与此同时,在壮丽的西霍帖亚林岭外Meanwhile,justovertherangeofthegloriousSikhoteAlin,我年轻的儿子往西走myyoungsonhaswanderedwestward,还在寻找栖身之所s
44、tilllookingforaplacetolive.它还不知道自己刚跨过保护区的边界Hedoesntknowityet,buthejustcrossedtheborderofthepreserve.这可怜的家伙从没见过人类的聚落Poorguysneverseenahumansettlementbefore.场面可能会很难看Thiscouldgetugly.这里的声音和味道都好奇怪Howstrangeitsoundsandsmells.如果他们继续这样下去失去这么多木材Iftheykeepitup,losingthismuchtimber可能会让我们走向灭绝couldspellourdoom.
45、犬类的嗅觉依然完好Well,thecaninesenseofsmellisstillintact.这家伙最先闻出猫科入侵者的气味Thisguy,sthefirsttopickupthescentofthefelineinvader.不Oh,no.那是我儿子It,smyson.这只年轻公虎Theyoungmaleisabouttogethisfirsttaste即将首次尝到文明的滋味Ofcivilization.真是的,现在人类盯上他了Ugh.Nowthehumansareontohim.真希望是其他不幸的大猫出来找食物Iwishitweresomeotherunluckycatoutlookingforfood.但不是,它是我的亲生骨肉butno,hesmyownfleshandblood.它逃走了Ahh.Hesgotaway.不是每只老虎都这么幸运Noteverytigerissolucky.年复一年人类不断扩张到荒野的更深处Yearbyyear,humanlifeexpandsdeeperintowildplaces.对我们老虎来说,与人类接触.Forus,tigers,contactwithhumans.往往会带来悲剧vergesontragedy.我们的
