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1、2025年新高考英语一轮总复习筑基培优方案（北师大版2019）专题01必修一Unitl词汇语法写作过关（讲案）学生版讲案目录一、重点词汇过关P21.differP2!.confidenceP23 .competenceP34 .recoverP35 .challengeP46 .ariseP47 .convenientP58 .addictP69 .aimP610 .distanceP7ILstressP711 .sufferP813 .reduceP814 .frankP915 .graduatcPlO1.1 inspirePlO17 .applyPll18 .eagerPll19 .res
2、ponsibleP1220.intendP1221.adaptP1322.shiftP1423 .plusP1424 .rangeP1425 .positionP14二、重点语法过关（动词不定式和inged类形容词十大考点）P15三、同步写作过关（电子邮件）P20重点词汇过关1. differ况.不同，不一样，有区别(l)differfrom.in.与在方面不同(2)differentadj.不同的；相异的bedifferentfrom.in.与在方面不同(3)differencen.不同；区别tellthedifferencebetween.and.分辨和的不同makeadifference
3、(to)对有影响；使不相同(4)differenllyoQ.不同地；相异地佳句Localpeople,sopinionsdiffersharplyonwhetherthechemicalfactoryshouldberemovedfromthearea.当地人对是否应将该化工厂迁出该地区的意见分歧很大。(应用文之环境保护)单句语法填空ltisobviousthatthetwoshirtsdiffercolouroneisredandtheotherisblue.(2021全国乙卷)Itisdifferenttraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetraveler
4、tobecomeeducatedabouttheareas.(2019全国卷I)Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypes(different).Theresabig(different)betweenknowingthatsomethingistrue,andbeingabletoproveit.雪一读后续写之哲理句直到那时，我才意识到，只要一个小小的行动，你就能改变一个人的生活。(difference)OnlythendidIrealizewithonesmallactionyoucanapersonslife.中国元素Onefalsestepwillm
5、akeagreat.失之毫厘，谬以千里。2. confidencen.自信，信心；信赖(1)haveconfidencein对有信心withconfidence自信地，有信心地(2)confidentadj.自信的，有信心的beconfidentof/about对有信心；对有把握(3)confidentlyadv.自信地佳句Bygettinginvolvedinthecompetition,IgainedmoreconfidenceandmyEnglishalsowasimprovedalot.通过参加这场比赛，我获得了更多自信，我的英语也提高了很多。单句语法填空Themeasuresarei
6、ntendedtorestorepeoples(confident)intheeconomy.(2)Itseemsthattheyarentconfidentthefutureoftheindustry.OnthedayoftheHistoryexam,Iwentintotheexamhall(confident).雪应用文写作之活动意义这个展览不仅开阔了学生的视野，也增强了他们的文化自信。Theexhibitionnotonlybroadenedthestudentshorizonsbutalso.3. competencen.能力,胜任(1)professionaltechnicalcom
7、petence专业/技术能力competenceindoing/todosth做某事的能力(2)competentadj.足以胜任的，有能力的becompetenttodosth胜任做某事，有能力做某事(3)competentlyadv.胜任地，适合地佳句ThereisnodoubtthatChinesepeoplehaveconfidence,resolutionandcompetencetoovercometherisksandchallenges.亳无疑问，中国人民有信心、决心和能力克服风险和挑战。固透单句语法填空(T)Theyhavetoconstantlyupdatetheirkno
8、wledgeinordertomaintaintheirprofessional(competent).IfeelIamcompetent(meet)alltherequirementsyouhavelisted.EVenaftertraining,Smithstillcan,tdohiswork(competent),sohemaybedismissedsoon.应用文之推荐信凭借丰富的实践经验和专业能力，我相信李华能够在贵公司工作。IjbelieveLiHuaiscapableofworkinginyourcompany.4. recover况.恢复健康,康复(1)recoverfrom从
9、中恢复过来recovery.恢复;痊愈；改善；复苏wishsbaspeedyrecovery祝愿某人早日康复makeafullrecovery完全康复佳句Itcantakemanyyearstorecoverfromthedeathofalovedone.从失去亲人的痛苦中恢复过来可能要花很多年。单句语法填空Afterrecoveringhisillness,hewasadvisedtotakeupgardeningasahobby.(2)Thehospitaschild-friendlyenvironmenthelpswithyoungpatients,(recover).等应用文写作之慰问
10、信祝你早日康复，回到我们的大家庭。andreturntoourbigfamily.5. challenge.挑战；具有挑战性的事物.向挑战(l)facemeetachallenge面对/迎接挑战acc叩t/takeupachallenge接受挑战，应战(2)challengesbtosth向某人挑战某事challengesbtodosth向某人挑战做某事(3)challengingadj.富有挑战性的佳句Lifeschallengesarenotsupposedtoparalyzeyou,theyresupposedtohelpyoudiscoverwhoyouare.生活的挑战并不是为了把你
11、打倒，而是为了帮你看清楚自己是谁。（读后续写之人生哲理）练透I单句语法填空Reducingthegapbetweenrichandpoorisoneofthemain(challenge)facingthegovernment.Mybrotherchallengedmeagameofchessandfinallyhewonbyahair.(3)Thenewpositionchallengedhim(study)stillharderduringhissparetime.(2020-全国卷I)Landingonthemoonsfarsideisextremely(challenge).雪读后续写
12、之积极的人生态度我别无选择，只能勇敢地面对这些挑战。Ihadnochoicebut.我知道未来会有很多困难和有挑战性的日子，但我永远不会放弃。IknowtherewillbeaheadbutIwillnevergiveup.6. arise山.(问题或困难)出现，发生arisefrom/outof生于，起因于I易混辨析arise,rise,raise,arouse辨析动词类型词义过去式过去分词现在分词arise不及物动词（由）引起；产生；起身arosearisenarisingrise不及物动词升起，升高；站起，起身roserisenrisingraise及物动词增加；举起；抬起；抚养，养育；
13、饲养；筹集raisedraisedraisingarouse及物动词激起，引起（感情、态度）arousedarousedarousing佳句IWhenyoutrytogaintoomuchcontrolinyourrelationshipwihothers,conflictswillariseandtherelationshipcanbreakup.当你在与他人的关系中试图获得太多的控制权，冲突就会出现，你们的关系可能会破裂。（应用文之人际关系）练透选词填空：arise,rise,raise,arouseWeholdapartyeveryyear,moneyforthelocalcharity
14、.(2)Theteachertoldthestudentsastorythecuriosityandinterestofthesubject.Itiscommonknowledgethatthesunintheeastandsetsinthewest.Itwasshortlyafteroneproblemhadbeensolvedthatanotherproblemimmediately.雪一同义句转换(三)Asweallknow,mostcaraccidentsarecausedbycarelessness.-*AsWeallknow,mostcaraccidents.(arise)中国元素
15、TheChinesepeoplesnationalprideandconfidencearisesfromtherapiddevelopmentofourcountry.中国人民的民族自豪感和自信心来自于我们国家的快速发展。7. COnVeIlient.方便的，便利的(1)Itis/wasconvenientforsbtodosth对于某人来说做某事是方便的。sthbeconvenientfor/tosb某物对某人来说是方便的(2)conveniencen.方便；便利atone,sconvenience在某人方便的时候forconvenience为了方便起见(3)convenientlyadv
16、.方便地，便利地；顺利地佳句Thehigh-speedtrainhasmadeitmuchmoreconvenientforustogobackhome.高铁使我们回家方便得多了。(应用文写作之社会发展)点津ConVenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语；“当你方便的时候”应译成whenitisconvenientforyou,而不是whenyouareconveniento单句语法填空Usingmobilephones,itisextremelyconvenientforpeople(communicate)withtheirfriends.Ikeepmyre
17、ferencebooksnearmydeskfor(convenient).Withrapiddevelopmentofthedigitalmultimediatechnology,peoplecan(convenient)download,storeanddistributemultimediainformation.Iwouldbeverygratefulifyoucouldinformmeofyourdecisionsyourconvenience.应用文写作之邀请信如果你方便的话，我想邀请你参加我的生日聚会。2Iwouldliketoinviteyoutoattendmybirthda
18、yparty.中国元素XiamenisonthesoutheastcoastofChinawithconvenienttrafficandamildclimate,neithertoocoldinwinter,norloohotinsummer.厦门市地处中国东南沿海，交通便利，天气温和，冬无严寒，夏无酷暑。8. addictn.对着迷的人(Daddictedadj,上瘾的；沉迷于某种嗜好的be/become/getaddictedto沉迷于；热爱(to为介词)(2)addiclionn.瘾，入迷，嗜好(常与介词Io连用)(3)addictiveadj.(药物等)使人上瘾的佳句SheisaTV
19、addictandwatchesasmuchasshecan.她是一个电视迷，看尽可能多的电视。单句语法填空Wilhthedevelopmentofinformationnetworktechnology,moreminorshavebeenusingorevengotaddictedtheInternet.Itneedstheschoolsandparentsjointeffortstohelpchildrengetridoftheir(addict)toonlinegames.YOUshouldstoptakingthismedicinebecauseitishighly(addict).
20、Addictedto(play)computergames,hecouldntfocusonhisstudysohefailedintheexam.雪句式升级Theboyisaddictedtoreading,andheevenholdsabookwhilehavingmeals.fJheboyevenholdsabookwhilehavingmeas.(形容词短语作状语)9. aim.目的，意图况.力求达到(1)aimtodosth目标是做某事，旨在做某事aimat/beaimedat(doing)sth瞄准，对准；旨在(做)某事(2)takeaimat.瞄准；对准Withtheaimof.
21、目的是,为了佳句AnEnglishspeechcontestnamedLeamtoBeGratefulwasorganizedbyourschoollastFriday,whoseaimistomakethestudentshaveagratefulheart.上周五，我们学校组织了一场名为“学会感恩”的英语演讲比赛，旨在让学生们有一颗感恩的心。(应用文写作之活动介绍)点津aim作主语时，常用动词不定式形式作表语。单句语法填空Theprojectaims(get)kidstoastagecalledtdeepreading，wheretheycanreadtolearn.YoUmusttake
22、aimthetargetcarefullybeforeyoushoot.Thecompetitionwasstartedtheaimofencouragingyoungwriters.雪一句式升级ThiSactivityisaimedatimprovingthestudentsabilityOflisteningandspeaking,whichisverypopular.f,thisactivityisverypopular.(iJ-ed形式短语作状语)(1)inthedistance在远方；在远处atadistance稍远处；隔一段距离distancesbfromsth使某人远离某事，使某
23、人撇清和某事的关系(2)distantadj.遥远的；冷漠的bedistantfrom离遥远佳句PIeaSewearyourmaskandkeepsocialdistance.请戴上口罩，保持社交距离。点津distance还可用作动词，意为“使(与)保持距离，撇清和的关系”。单句语法填空Thedoglookeddangerous,soIdecidedtodistancemyselfit.Therailwaystationisadistanceoftwomilesawayfromourschool.Thetimewespenttogetherisnowa(distance)memory.读后续写
24、之动作描写我们三人沿着小路跑，边喊边笑，这时我们的狗鲁比突然在远处停了下来。Wethreewererunningdownthepath,shoutingandlaughingwhenourdogRubbysuddenlystopped新闻元素OnAugust1,thefirstinternationalcargotraindepartedfromtheChengduInternationalRailwayPorttoHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam,whichgreatlyshortensthedistanceforexportingRussiangoodstoSoutheastAs
25、ia.8月1日，首列国际货运列车从成都国际铁路港出发开往越南胡志明市，这大大缩短了俄罗斯商品出口到东南亚的距离。11. stress/?.压力；忧虑；紧张(1)laypulplacestresson/uponsth强调/重视underthestressof.在的压力下(2)stressv.强调stresstheimportanceof强调的重要性(3)stressfuladj.压力大的；令人紧张的；繁重的stressedadj.紧张的；感觉有压力的佳句Notonlydoesithelpusrelieveourstressandanxiety,relaxourwholebodybutalsogi
26、vesusagreatsenseofwell-being.它不仅帮助我们缓解压力和焦虑，放松我们的全身，而且给我们带来极大的幸福感。(应用文写作之健康生活)点津StreSSed意为“紧张的，感觉有压力的”，指人自身感到有压力；StreSSfUl意为“令人紧张的，有压力的“，指事物给人带来压力。S单句语法填空WhenIwasachild,Motherputgreatstressmyproperbehavior.(2)Shefindshernewjobvery(stress),butshewillnevergiveitup.Ifyourefeeling(stress),listeningtosom
27、ecalmingmusiccouldreallyhelp.Whenstress,evenamostgentlepersoncangetangryeasily.雪一应用文写作之家庭生活我父母经常强调保持健康的重要性。Myparentsoftenkeepinghealthy.12. SUffel况.&遭受(痛苦)(I)SUfferfrOm(身体或精神上)遭受(痛苦)，患病(作不及物动词时，常与from连用，指遭受战争、自然灾害带来的苦难及患病或其他之苦)sufferloss/pain/hardship/defeat遭受损失/痛苦/困苦/失败(2)sufferern.受苦者，受难者；患者suffer
28、ingn.痛苦，苦难佳句NomatterwhatOliversuffered,hedidn,tlosehope,remainingpureinbodyandmind.无论奥利弗遭受了什么，他都没有失去希望，保持了身心的纯洁。(应用文写作之人物评价)点津suffer作及物动词时，其后常接抽象名词，如pain,loss,defeat,damage,punishment,poverty,hunger,hardship等。单句语法填空Thediscoveryofthenewdrugisofgreatsignificancetopeoplesufferingheartproblems.Thefilmis
29、basedonthetrue-lifestoryofacancer(suffer).(3)Thedoctorpromisedthatthemedicinehehadprescribedwouldeasethepatientofhis(suffer).句式升级Afterhehadsuffereddefeatafterdefeat,hebegantolosefaithinhimself.-*1,hebegantolosefaithinhimself.(动词ing形式作状语)中国元素Chinesepeoplesufferedgreatlyfromwarsandinvasionsinthepast,a
30、ndtheyfeeldeeplyhowpreciouspeaceis.中国人民在过去饱受战争和被侵略的痛苦，深感和平的珍贵。13. reduce”.减少；降低；缩小(l)reduce.to.把减少到reduce.by.把减少了reduce.from.to.把从减少到bereducedto.沦落为；陷入某种状态(2)reductionn.减少；缩小；降低佳句Iapproveofthenewideacompletelybecauseitcannotonlyreducetheharmdonetotheenvironmentbutalsosaveresourcesthroughrecycling.我完
31、全赞成这个新想法，因为它不仅可以减少对环境的危害，而且可以通过回收利用节约资源。(应用文写作之环境保护)延园单句语法填空ThenumberofcitiesproducingCO2beyondthestandardhasbeenreducedfortytonine.Bydietingandexercising,Ireducedmyweight5kilograms.Severalstudiesalsoshowa(reduce)inbloodpressurewhenmorefruitandvegetablesareeaten.读后续写之人物描写令我大吃一惊的是，这位曾经的百万富翁现在沦为街头乞讨。T
32、omygreatsurprise,theformermillionaireonthestreetsnow.新闻元素WaterlevelsinmanysectionsoftheYangtzeRiverandotherplaceshavebeensignificantly,sometorecordlows,becauseofthesummerheat.由于夏季酷热，长江许多河段和其他地方的水位已大幅下降，一些地区的水位已降至历史新低。14. franka”坦率的，坦诚的tobefrank坦白说，坦率地说befrankwithsb对某人坦诚相待befrankaboutsth对某事坦诚franklyo
33、Q.坦率地；直率地franklyspeaking坦率地说(3)franknessn.率直，坦率，坦白佳句Isuggestyouhaveafullandconversationwithyourparents.我建议你和你的父母进行一次全面而坦率的谈话。(应用文写作之亲子关系)单句语法填空Tobefrankyou,Ithinkyoursonhaslittlechanceofpassingtheexam.Hewasfrankhispastexperiencesanddecidedtohaveachange.Manyparents(frank)admitthattheyhavetroublebring
34、inguptheirchildren.Everyonelikedtheyoungmanforhis(frank)andgoodhumour.w句多译坦率地说，我觉得这个决定并不明智。 .dontthinkthisisawisedecision,(frank) Jdontthinkthisisawisedecision,(frankly)(1)graduatefrom从毕业graduatein毕业于(专业)graduatefrom.to.从过渡到，由发展成(2)graduationn.毕业，毕业典礼aftergraduation毕业之后佳句IgraduatedfromPekingUniversi
35、tyin2008,majoringinbiologyandholdingabachelorsdegree.我于2008年毕业于北京大学，主修生物学，并获得学士学位。(应用文写作之自我介绍)点津graduate还可用作名词，意为“毕业生”。单句语法填空(2020山东卷)ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor,sdegree.MarygraduatedlawfromYaleUniversityl
36、astyearandsheisafamouslawyernow.Withthe(graduate)seasoninJune,thejobmarkethasfacedincreasingpressureasmorecollegegraduatesstartedtolookforjobs.Heeventuallygraduatedfromanordinaryworkerthegeneralmanagerofthecompany.小语段写作韦伯斯特1996年毕业于耶鲁大学。毕业后，他成为一家国际公司的一名工程师。WebsterYaleUniversityin1996.Jlebecameaengine
37、erinaninternationalcompany.16inSPireM鼓励，激励(l)inspiresbtodosth激励某人做某事inspiresbwithsth=inspiresthinsb以激励某人;激起某人的inspiring鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的inspiration鼓舞；启示；灵感佳句Theactivityisintendedtoinspirechildren,sinterestinscienceandtechnology.该活动旨在激发儿童对科技的兴趣。(应用文写作之活动目的介绍)单句语法填空Theteacherinspireshisstudents(give)theirop
38、inionsactivelyeveniftheyaredifferentfromhisown.(inspire)bymyteacher,Isignedupforthecompetitionandmadefullpreparationsforit.Itisreally(inspire)tohearthatmysongotfirstplaceinthemathscontest.Musicisagreatsourceof(inspire),whichcanmakeyoulaugh,cryorshout.句多译他鼓励的话语激发了我的信心。Hisencouragingwordsconfidence.Hi
39、sencouragingwordsme.17. applyM.申请；请求(l)apply(tosb)forsth(向某人)申请某事applytodosth申请做某事applytosth/sb适用于/运用于(to为介词)applysthto.把应用于；把涂抹到(to为介词)applyoneselfto(doing)sth集中精力/专注于做某事(to为介词)(2)applicationn.申请；申请书；应用(3)applicantn.申请人佳句Ilfyouwanttoapplyforthejob,youmustmeetthefollowingrequirements.如果你想申请这份工作，你必须满
40、足以下要求。(应用文写作之招聘启事)点津apply作动词，还有“涂抹，敷；应用，使用”之意。单句语法填空lappliedfouruniversitiesandwasrefusedbyallofthem,whichmademeveryupset.(2)A11thepeoplewhoarewillingtohelpotherscanapply-(join)theorganization.(3)Therulesofsafedrivingapplyeveryone,withoutexception.Heisnowapplyinghimselfto(study)traditionalChinesemed
41、icine.The(apply)ofthetechnologyislikelytogreatlyexpandhumanitysunderstandingofthemysteriesoflifeandtheevolutionoflivingthings.Thejobadvertisementdemandsthatany(apply)musthavethreeyearsexperience.雪一应用文写作之申请信我写信是想申请成为我们学校“中国福文化”活动的一名志愿者。mwritingtofortheactivitycalled4tChinaFuCultureninourschool.18eage
42、r。靖.热切的：渴望的(l)beeagertodosth渴望做某事beeagerforsth渴望得到某物(2)eagemessn.热切，渴望(3)eagerlyadv.渴望地，急切地佳句Itshumanthateveryoneiseagerforsuccess.人人都渴望成功，这是人之常情。嘘透单句语法填空(2021全国甲卷)Sheshealthy,strongandalreadyeager(play)andexplore.Thechildreninpovertymountainareasareeagerabigandcleanclassroom.Inour(eager)tomakealivi
43、ng,weoftenforgetaboutourqualityoflife.He(eager)wantedtogiveaspecialpresenttoGrandma,buthewasshortofmoney.句式升级Jackwaseagertogethome,sohebegantodrivefaster.-jJackbegantodrivefasier.(形容词短语作状语)19. responsiblet.负责的；有责任心的(Oberesponsiblefor负责；是造成的原因(2)responsibilityn.责任，职责，任务takeresponsibilityfor对负责Itissbs
44、responsibilitytodosth做某事是某人的责任。asenseofresponsibility责任感佳句Asacitizen,lltrytoIeambasicknowledgeabouthowtosortgarbageandapplywhatIlearntopractice.作为一个负责任的公民，我将努力学习如何分类垃圾的基本知识，并将所学基本知识应用到实践中。(应用文写作之垃圾分类)单句语法填空Weshouldberesponsibletheworkandkeepteamworkspiritinmind.(2)Itisyourresponsibility(keep)theroom
45、cleanandtidy.(2021全国新高考卷I)Halfsurprised,halfconcerned,asenseof(responsible)ofcaringaboutthekidsdrovethefathertowipeawayhertears.w句多译现在你是成年人了，你需要对自己的行为负责。YOUareanadultnowandyouneedto.youractions,(responsible)YoUareanadultnowandyouneedto.youractions,(responsibility)20. intend”计划，打算，想要(l)intendtodo/doingsth打算/想要做某事intendsbtodosth打算让某人做某事hadintendedtodo.=intendedtohavedone.原本打算做beintendedfor打算为所用，专为而设计的(2)intentionn.打算，计划，意图withtheintentionof目的是佳句IamwritingtotellyouthatweintendtocelebratethefifthanniversaryofourEnglishClubandIsincerelyinviteyoutoattend.我写信告诉你，我们打算庆祝英语俱乐部成立五周年，我真诚地邀请你
