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1、美国名人企业家沃克夫人MadamCJ.Walker,1867-1919:DevelopedHair-CareProductsforBlackWomenplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-17:35repeatByVivianBournazian2010-3-27Photo:A11.eIiaBundles/WalkerFamilyArchives/MadamCJ.WalkerwasthefirstAfrican-Americanwomantobecomeveryrich.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITHJmShirleyGriffith.RICHK1.EINFE1.DT:And
2、mRichKleinfeldtwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogramPEOP1.EINAMERICA.Everyweek,wetellthestoryofsomeoneimportantinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.TodaywetellaboutMadamC.J.WaIker.Shewasabusinesswoman,thefirstfemaleAfricanAmericantobecomeveryrich.(MUSIC)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:Intheearlynineteenhundreds,lifeformostAfri
3、can-Americanswasverydifficult.Mobsofwhitepeopleattackedandkilledblackpeople.Itwaslegaltoseparategroupsofpeoplebyrace.Women,bothblackandwhite,didnothavethesamerightsasmen.Blackwomenworkedverylonghoursforlittlewages.Theyworkedmostlyasservantsorfarmworkers.Ortheywashedclothes.MadamC.J.Walkerworkedasawa
4、sherwomanfortwentyyears.Shethenstartedherownbusinessofdevelopingandsellinghair-careproductsforblackwomen.MadamWalker,however,didmorethanbuildasuccessfulbusiness.Herproductshelpedwomenhaveabettersenseoftheirownbeauty.Herbusinessalsogaveworktomanyblackwomen.And,shehelpedotherpeople,especiallyblackarti
5、stsandcivilrightssupporters.Shesaid:Myobjectinlifeisnotsimplytomakemoneyformyselfortospenditonmyself.IlovetouseapartofwhatImakeintryingtohelpothers.(MUSIC)RICHK1.EINFE1.DT:MadamC.J.Walkerwasverypoorformostofherlife.ShewasbornSarahBreedloveinthesouthernstateof1.ouisianaineighteensixty-seven.Herparent
6、swereformerslaves.ThefamilylivedandworkedonacottonfarmalongtheMississippiRiver.Cottonwasacropthatgrewwellintherich,darksoilneartheriver.Mostchildrenofslavesdidnotgotoschool.Theyhadtowork.BythetimeSarahwasfiveyearsold,shewaspickingcottoninthefieldswithherfamily.Shealsohelpedhermotherandsisterearnmone
7、ybywashingclothesforwhitepeople.Therewasnowaterormachinetowashclothesintheirhome.ThewaterfromtheMississippiRiverwastoodirty.So,theyusedrainwater.Sarahhelpedhermotherandsistercarrywatertofillbigwoodencontainers.Theyheatedthewateroverthefire.Thentheyrubbedtheclothesonflatpiecesofwood,squeezedoutthewat
8、erandhungeachpiecetodry.Itwashardwork.Thewetclotheswereheavy,andthesoaphadIyeinit.1.yeisastrongsubstancethatcleanedtheclotheswell.Butithurtpeoplesskin.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:WhenSarahwassevenyearsold,herparentsdiedofthediseaseyellowfever.SheandhersistermovedtoVicksburg,Mississippi.Attheageoffourteen,Sarah
9、marriedMosesMcWilliams.Theyhadadaughteraftertheyweremarriedforthreeyears.Theynamedtheirdaughter1.elia.Twoyearslater;MosesMcWilliamsdiedinanaccident.Sarahwasalonewithherbaby.ShedecidedtomovetoSaint1.ouis,Missouri.Shehadheardthatwasherwomenearnedmoremoneythere.Sarahwashedclothesallday.Atnight,shewentt
10、oschooltogettheeducationshehadmissedasachild.Shealsomadesurethatherdaughter1.eliawenttoschool.Sarahsavedenoughmoneytosend1.eliatocollege.Sarahbegantothinkabouthowshewasgoingtocontinuetoearnmoneyinthefuture.Whatwasshegoingtodowhenshegrewoldandherbackgrewweak?Shealsoworriedaboutherhair.Itwasdryandbrok
11、en.Herhairwasfallingoutinsomeplacesonherhead.Sarahtrieddifferentproductstoimproveherhairbutnothingworked.Thenshegotanidea.Ifshecouldcreateahairproductthatworkedforher,shecouldstartherownbusiness.(MUSIC)A11.eIiaBundles/WalkerFamilyArchives/RICHK1.EINFE1.DT:Attheageofthirty-seven,Sarahinventedamixture
12、thathelpedherhairandmadecurlyhairstraight.SomepeoplebelievethatSarahstudiedthehairproductsheusedandaddedherownsecretsubstance.ButSarahsaidsheinventedthemixturewithGodshelp.Bysolvingherhairproblem,shehadfoundawaytoimproveherlife.SarahdecidedtomovewesttoDenver,Colorado.Shedidnotwanttocompetewithcompan
13、iesinSaint1.ouisthatmadehair-careproducts.Forthefirsttimeinherlife,SarahlefttheareaalongtheMississippiRiverwhereshewasborn.SarahfoundajobinDenverasacook.Shecookedandwashedclothesduringtheday.Atnightsheworkedonherhairproducts.Shetestedthemonherselfandonherfriends.Theproductshelpedtheirhair.Sarahbegan
14、sellingherproductsfromhousetohouse.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:Innineteen-oh-six,shemarriedCharlesJosephWalker.Hewasanewspapermanwhohadbecomeherfriendandadviser.Fromthenon,SarahusedthenameMadamC.J.Walker.MadamWalkerorganizedwomentosellherhairtreatment.SheestablishedWalkerschoolsofbeautyculturethroughoutthecoun
15、trytotrainthesaleswomen.ThesaleswomenbecameknownasWalkerAgents.TheybecamepopularinblackcommunitiesthroughouttheUnitedStates.MadamWalkerworkedhardatherbusiness.ShetraveledtomanyAmericancitiestohelpsellherproducts.ShealsotraveledtotheCaribbeancountriesofJamaica,Panama,andCuba.Herproductshadbecomepopul
16、arthere,too.RICHK1.EINFE1.DT:MadamWalkersbusinessgrewquickly.Itsoonwasemployingthreethousandpeople.BlackwomenwhocouldnotattendherschoolscouldlearntheWalkerhaircaremethodthroughacoursebymail.Hundreds,andlaterthousands,ofblackwomenlearnedherhair-caremethods.MadamWalkersproductshelpedthesewomenearnmone
17、ytoeducatetheirchildren,buildhomesandstartbusinesses.MadamWalkerwasveryproudofwhatshehaddone.Shesaidthatshehadmadeitpossibleformanycoloredwomentoabandonthewashtubformorepleasantandprofitableoccupations.(MUSIC)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:Innineteen-oh-eight,MadamWalkermovedherbusinesseasttoPittsburgh,Pennsylvan
18、ia.PittsburghwasclosertocitiesontheAtlanticcoastwithlargeblackpopulations,citiessuchasNewYork,Washington,D.C.andBaltimore.Twoyearslater;sheestablishedalaboratoryandafactoryinIndianapolis,Indiana.There,herproductsweredevelopedandmade.SomepeoplecriticizedMadamWalkersproducts.Theyaccusedherofstraighten
19、ingblackwomenshairtomakeitlooklikewhitewomenshair.SomeblackclergymensaidthatifblackpeopleweresupposedtohavestraighthaiGodwouldhavegivenittothem.ButMadamWalkersaidherpurposewastohelpwomenhavehealthyhair.Shealsosaidcleanlinesswasimportant.Sheestablishedrulesforcleanlinessforheremployees.Herruleslaterl
20、edtostatelawscoveringjobsinvolvingbeautytreatment.RICHK1.EINFE1.DT:MadamC.J.Walkerbecameveryrichandfamous.Sheenjoyedhernewlife.Shealsosharedhermoney.Shebecameoneofthefewblackpeopleatthetimewealthyenoughtogivehugeamountsofmoneytohelppeopleandorganizations.ShegavemoneytotheNationalAssociationfortheAdv
21、ancementofColoredPeople,tochurchesandtoculturalcenters.MadamWalkeralsosupportedmanyblackartistsandwriters.And,sheworkedhardtoendviolationsagainsttherightsofblackpeople.Innineteenseventeen,shewaspartofagroupthatwenttoWashington,D.C.tomeetwithPresidentWoodrowWilson.ThegroupurgedhimandCongresstomakemob
22、violenceafederalcrime.Innineteeneighteen,MadamWalkerfinallysettledinatownnearNewYorkCitywhereshebuiltalarge,beautifulhouse.Shecontinuedherwork,butherhealthbegantoweaken.Herdoctorsadvisedhertoslowdown.Butshewouldnotlisten.Shediedthenextyear.Shewasfifty-oneyearsold.(MUSIC)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:MadamC.J.Wal
23、kerneverforgotwhereshecamefrom.Nordidshestopdreamingofhowlifecouldbe.AtameetingoftheNationalNegroBusiness1.eague,MadamWalkerexplainedthatshewasawomanwhocamefromthecottonfieldsoftheSouth.Iwaspromotedfromtheretothewashtubjshesaid,ThenIwaspromotedtothecookkitchen,andfromthereIpromotedmyselfintothebusin
24、essofmanufacturinghairgoodsandpreparations.Ihavebuiltmyownfactoryonmyownground.Shenotonlyimprovedherownlife,butthatofotherwomeninsimilarsituations.MadamC.J.Walkerexplaineditthisway:IfIhaveaccomplishedanythinginlife,itisbecauseIhavebeenwillingtoworkhard.,(MUSIC)RICHK1.EINFE1.DT:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyVivianBournazian.ImRichKleinfeldt.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:AndmShirleyGriffith.JoinusagainnextweekatthistimeforanotherPEOP1.EINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
