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1、美国名人作曲家和钢琴家斯科特乔普林ScottJoplin,1867-1917:TheKingofRagtimeMusicplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:34repeatByCatyWeaver2010-1-23VOICEONE:mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmBarbaraKleinwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutthelifeandworkofoneofAmericasgreatestmusicwriters:ScottJoplinztheKingofRagtime.(
2、MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThatsongiscalledMaple1.eafRag.ScottJoplinwroteitmorethanonehundredyearsago.ThesongchangedJoplinslife.Itwasverypopular.Thecomposerearnedagoodlivingfromthesalesofthesheetmusic.Healsobecamefamous.But,eventoday,muchaboutScottJoplinremainsamystery.Thereisconflictinginformationaboutthemostb
3、asicfacts,likewhenandwherehewasborn.OfficialpopulationdocumentssuggestScottJoplinwasbornineighteensixty-sevenandeighteensixty-eight.HewasborninTexas,probablyneartheborderwithArkansas.TheJoplinsmovedtoTexarkana,Texassometimeaftereighteenseventy-fiveandScottgrewupthere.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Scottwasthesecon
4、dofsevenchildrenborntoGilesandFlorenceJoplin.Hisfatherwasafreedslavewhoworkedontherailroad.Hismothercleanedpeopleshomes.ThewholeJoplinfamilywasmusical.Scottsfatherplayedtheviolin.Hismotherplayedthebanjo.AndalltheJoplinsenjoyedsingingtogetherathome.Scottlearnedtoplayseveralmusicalinstruments.ButFlore
5、nceJoplinwantedhersontolearnhowtoplaythepiano.WhenScottwasaboutsevenyearsoldhebegantakingpianolessonswithamusicteacherathisschool.TheJoplinswerepoor,soScottsmotherpaidfortheweeklylessonswithfood.FlorenceJoplinalsogotpermissionforhersontouseapianoinoneofthehousesshecleanedinTexarkana.FlorenceandGiles
6、JoplinseparatedbeforeScottbecameateenager.SomeexpertsthinkScottblamedhimselfforthebreak-up.ManyexpertsalsothinkScottJoplinsoperaTreemonishaincludedincidentsofhislifewithhismotherafterGilesJoplinleft.Forexample,thecharacterTreemonishareceivesmusiclessonspaidforbyhermotherwhocleanspeopleshouses.1.iste
7、ntothisariafromtheopera.CarmenBalthropisTreemonisha.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ScottJoplinsearlypianolessonsdidnotincluderagtime.Thatkindofmusicwasplayedindanceanddrinkingplacesandwasnotconsideredacceptable.Scottfirststudiedclassicalmusicwithseveralteachers.TheyincludedaGermanimmigrantnamedJuliusWeisswhoprobab
8、lyhadthestrongestinfluenceontheboy.VOICETWO:ScottleftTexaswhenhewasateenager.Heworkedasapianoplayerandgavelessonsintheguitarandmandolin.InhistwentieshesettledinSedaliazMissouri.HeformedagroupcalledtheTexasMedleyQuartet.Thegroupsometimestraveledgreatdistancestoperform.ScottJoplinbeganhismusic-writing
9、careerinSedalia.Heattendedcollegeclassestolearntobecomeacomposer.JoplinalsogotapermanentjobinSedaliaplayingthepianoinanewnightclub.SedaliasmostimportantcitizensvisitedtheMaple1.eafClub.ThejobpermittedJoplintimetowriteandplayhisownwork.SomethingevenmoreimportanthappenedtoJoplininSedalia.HemetJohnStar
10、k,theownerofalocalmusicstore.Ineightyninety-nine,StarkpublishedthesongMaple1.eafRag.ItwasnotJoplinsfirstpublishedmusic.Butitwasthehewasmostproudof.StarkofferedtopayJoplinapercentageofeachsaleofMaple1.eafRagsheetmusic.Thiswasanextremelyunusualbusinessagreementforawhitepublisherandblackcomposeratthatt
11、ime.Usually,whitepublisherspaidonlyasmallamountofmoneyforfullownershipofmusicwrittenbyAfrican-Americans.TheagreementwasverygoodforbothScottJoplinandJohnStark.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Ragtimemusicisdancemusic.Itcombinesasolid,oftenlively,beatwitha100SerZcomplexmelody.Mostexpertsagreethatthetraditionalmusicand
12、danceofAmericanslavesplayedabigpartinthedevelopmentofragtime.Hereisaperfectexample.ScottJoplinandJohnStarkpublishedABreezeFromAlabamainnineteen-oh-two.Itismusicforadancecalledthetwo-step.(MUSIC)ScottJoplinVOICETWO:JohnStarkdecidedthatScottJoplinwasgoingtobecometoopopulartostayinthesmalltownofSedalia
13、.HedecidedtomovehismusicbusinesstothebigcityofSaint1.ouiszMissouri.JoplinmovedtoSaint1.ouiswithawomannamedBelleHayden.1.atertheyweremarried.ButJoplinwasnotassuccessfulinloveashewasinmusic.HeandBelleseparatedinnineteen-oh-two.TwoyearslaterJoplinmarriedagain.Buthiswife,FreddieAlexander;diedjustthreemo
14、nthslater.TheScottJoplinOrganizationinSedaliazMissourisaysJoplinwrotethisrag,TheChrysanthemum/forhissecondwife.(MUSIC)Afterhiswifesdeath,innineteen-oh-five,JoplinwroteaconcertwaltzcalledBethena.Thepiecehasasadsoundtoit,quiteunlikeJoplinsearlierwork.YoumightrecognizeitasthethememusicfortheSpecialEngl
15、ishprogramWordsandTheirStories.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Joplinlivedinmanyplacesintheyearsthatfollowed.Healsoworkedonhisopera,Treemonisha.HehadhopedhislongtimebusinesspartnerJohnStarkwouldpublishit,butherefused.Starkdidnotthinkaragtimeoperawouldsell.Afternineteen-oh-sevenJoplinlivedmostlyinNewYorkCity.Heandhi
16、snewwife1.ottietriedformanyyearstogetTreemonishaproduced.ButitsopeningnightdidnotcomeuntilmorethanfiftyyearsafterJoplinsdeath.Byaboutnineteenfifteen,ScottJoplinbegansufferingbadlyfromsyphilis.Thediseaserobbedhimofhisabilitytoplaypiano.Italsodestroyedhisabilitytowritemusic.HediedinNewYorkCityinninete
17、en-seventeen.ScottJopIinlefttheworldsixtymusicalworks.Theseincludemanypianoragsthatarestillplayedtoday.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyCatyWeaver.mBarbaraKlein.VOICEONE:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.WeleaveyounowwithoneofScottJoplinsprettiestrags,HeliotropeBouquet.
