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1、美国名人歌手演员艾拉费兹杰拉日IaFitzgeraldz1917-1996:AmericasFirst1.adyofSongplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:59repeatByNancySteinbach2010-7-3Photo:americaslibrary.orgCriticssaythebestsongbookisEllasingingthesongsofGeorgeandIraGershwin.IraGershwinreportedlysaid:IneverknewhowgoodoursongswereuntilIheardEllaFitzgeraldsi
2、ngthem.SARAH1.ONG:Now,theVOASpecialEnglishprogramPEOP1.EINAMERICA.Today,ShirleyGriffithandSteveEmbertellaboutthejazzsinger,EllaFitzgerald.ShewasknownasAmericasfirstladyofsong.(MUSIC:HowHighTheMoon)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:Theyearwasnineteenthirty-three.TheplacewasNewYorkCity.EllaFitzgeraldwassixteenyearsold
3、.ShehadenteredacompetitionattheApolloTheaterinHarlem.Shewasgoingtodance.Butshehadjustwatchedtwodancersperform.Theywerebetterdancersthanshe.So,insteadofdancing,shesangasongcalledJudy.Peoplewatchingthecompetitionurgedhertosinganothersong.Shedid.Shewonfirstprize-twenty-fivedollars.ThatcompetitionattheA
4、polloTheaterchangedEllaFitzgeraldslifeforever.BandleaderChickWebbwaswatchingthecompetition.HehiredEllatosingwithhisband.Hetaughtheraboutsinginginpublic.Heevenshowedherwhatkindofclothestowear.Inthreeyears,shehadherfirsthitrecord,A-Tisket-a-Tasket:(MUSIC)STEVEEMBER:EllaFitzgeraldwasborninthesouthernci
5、tyofNewportNews,Virginiainnineteenseventeen.Herfatherleftsoonafterherbirth.HermothertookEllaandmovedtoNewYorkCity.EllasmotherdiedwhenEllawasfifteenyearsold.Thenextyear,EllastartedsingingwithChickWebbsband.ShestayedwithChickWebbuntilhediedinnineteenthirty-nine.EllakepthisbandtogetherafterhedieduntilW
6、orldWarTwostarted.Thenmostofthebandmembersjoinedthearmedforces.Whileshewaswiththeband,Ellarecordedalmostonehundredfiftysongs.EllaFitzgeraldperformedinconcertsaroundtheworldandbecamepopularinternationally.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:EllaFitzgeraldwasgreatlyinfluencedbytheexperimentalmusicofCharlieParkerandDizzy
7、Gillespie.Itwascalledbe-bop.Sheusedbe-boprhythmsinhersinging.Innineteenforty-five,sherecordedthesongFlyingHome/usingthebe-bopmethodknownasscat.Inscat,thesingersvoicesoundslikeanotherinstrumentintheorchestra.Criticssayitwasthemostinfluentialjazzrecordofthetime.(MUSIC)STEVEEMBER:Innineteenforty-nine,j
8、azzmusicianNormanGranzinvitedhertojoinhisband.ItwaswithhisbandinBerlin,GermanyinnineteensixtythatEllasangafamoussonginaverydifferentway.AmanaskedherifsheknewthesongMacktheKnife.Ellasaidshehadhearditafewtimesbutthebanddidnothavethemusicforit.Shesaidshewouldtrytosingitanyway.Thisrecordingshowshowsheco
9、ntinuedtosingMacktheKnifewhenshedidnotrememberthewords.Thepeoplelisteninglovedit.(MUSIC)SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:NormanGranzlaterbecamehermanager.Hestartedanewrecordingcompanyjustforher.ItwashisideaforEllatorecordthenowfamousseriesofrecordalbumscalledtheSongbooks.Oneachrecord,shesangworksofadifferentsongwri
10、ter.SherecordedsongbooksofthemusicofColePorteIrvingBerlin,DukeEllingtonzJeromeKern,JohnnyMercerandHaroldArlen.CriticssaythebestsongbookisEllasingingthesongsofGeorgeandIraGershwin.IraGershwinreportedlysaid:IneverknewhowgoodoursongswereuntilIheardEllaFitzgeraldsingthem.Here,shesingstheGershwinsong,IGo
11、tRhythm:(MUSIC)STEVEEMBER:EllaFitzgeraldalsoappearedinmoviesandontelevision.Shebecamepopularinternationally.Sheperformedinconcertsaroundtheworldsometimesfortyweeksayear.Shealsorecordedfordifferentrecordcompanies.Inthenineteensixties,shebegantosingmoremodernsongssuchasthosewrittenbytheBeatlesandBurtB
12、acharach.Butshewasnotverysuccessfulwiththatkindofpopularmusic.ShereturnedtojazzinNineteenseventy-three,againwithNormanGranz.Shealsobeganperformingwithsymphonyorchestras.virginia.eduShealsoappearedinmoviesandontelevision.SHIR1.EYGRIFFITH:EllaFitzgeraldwasmarriedtwotimes.Bothmarriagesendedindivorce.Sh
13、eraisedthreechildrenwhowerenotherown.EllalivedquietlyinBeverlyHills,California.Throughoutherlifeshewasaveryprivateperson.Shewantedtobeknownonlyforhermusic.HerfriendsincludedmembersoftheDukeEllingtonband,CountBasiesband,andsingerslikeSarahVaughnandPeggy1.ee.EllaFitzgeraldbegantohavehealthproblemsduri
14、ngthenineteenseventies.Shehadthediseasediabeteswhichcausedproblemswithhereyes.Shehadaheartoperationinnineteeneighty-six.Innineteenninety-three,theeffectsofdiabetesledtooperationstoremovebothherlegs.ShediedJunefifteenth,nineteenninety-six.STEVEEMBER:PeoplearoundtheworldlovedEllaFitzgeraldsjoyfulsingi
15、ng.CriticssaidshehadraisedtheAmericanpopularsongtothelevelofart.Shewonmanyawards.ShereceivedtheNationalMedaloftheArtsandaKennedyCenterHonorforlifetimework.TheUniversityofMarylandnamedaperformingartscenterforher.EllaFitzgeraldswonderfulvoicelivesoninhertwohundredfiftyalbums.ShewonthirteenGrammyawardsgiveneachyearforthebestrecordings.HerlastGrammywasforthenineteenninetyrecord:AllThatJazz:(MUSIC)SARAH1.ONG:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyNancySteinbach.TheannouncerswereShirleyGriffithandSteveEmber.mSarah1.ong.1.istenagainnextweekforanotherPEOP1.EINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
