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1、美国名人记者卡尔罗万CarlRowan,1925-2000:ThefirstblackdirectoroftheUnitedStatesInformationAgency.playstopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:41repeatByCynthiaKirk2009-10-31(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmDougJohnsonwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PEOP1.EINAMERICA.Today,wetellaboutthelifeofwriterandreporter,Car
2、lRowan.HewasoneofthemosthonoredreportersintheUnitedStates.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CarlRowanwasknownforthepowerfulstoriesthathewroteformajornewspapers.HiscolumnswerepublishedinmorethanonehundrednewspapersacrosstheUnitedStates.Hewasthefirstblacknewspapercolumnisttohavehisworkappearinmajornewspapers.CarlRowanc
3、alledhimselfanewspaperman.Yet,hewasalsoawriterofbest-sellingbooks.HewroteaboutthelivesofAfricanAmericancivilrightsleader,ReverendMartin1.utherKingJuniorandUnitedStatesSupremeCourtJustice,ThurgoodMarshall.CarlRowanalsowasaradiobroadcasterandapopularpublicspeaker.Forthirtyyears,heappearedonaweeklytele
4、visionshowaboutAmericanpolitics.VOICETWO:CarlRowanCarlRowanwonpraiseovertheyearsforhisreportsaboutracerelationsinAmerica.HeprovidedapublicvoiceforpoorpeopleandminoritiesinAmerica.Heinfluencedpeopleinpositionsofpower.MisterRowanopenedmanydoorsforAfricanAmericans.HewasthefirstblackdeputySecretaryofSta
5、teintheadministrationofPresidentJohnF.Kennedy.AndhewasthefirstblackdirectoroftheUnitedStatesInformationAgencywhichatthetimesupervisedtheVoiceofAmerica.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CarlRowanwasborninnineteentwenty-fiveinthesoutherncityofRavenscroftzTennessee.HegrewupduringtheGreatDepression,oneoftheworsteconomict
6、imesintheUnitedStates.Hisfamilywasverypoor.Hisfatherstackedwoodusedforbuilding,whenhehadwork.Hismotherworkedcleaningthehomesofwhitepeoplewhenshecould.TheRowanfamilyhadnoelectricity,norunningwater,notelephoneandnoradio.Carlsaidhewouldsometimesstealfoodordrinkwarmmilkfromthecowsonnearbyfarms.TheRowans
7、didnotevenhaveaclock.Asaboy,Carlsaidheknewifitwastimetogotoschoolbythesoundofatrain.Hesaidifthetrainwaslate,hewaslate.VOICETWO:Growingup,Carlhadverylittlehopeforanychange.TherewerenotmanyjobsforblacksintheSouth.Theschoolswerenotgood.Racialtensionswerehigh.1.awswereenforcedtokeepblacksandwhitessepara
8、te.ItwasateacherwhourgedCarltomakesomethingofhimself.BessieTaylorGwynntaughthimtobelievehecouldbeapoetorawriter.Sheurgedhimtowriteasmuchaspossible.Shewouldevengetbooksforhimbecauseblackswerebannedfrompubliclibraries.BessieTaylorGwynnmadesurethatCarlfinishedhighschool.Andhedid.Hegraduatedatthetopofhi
9、sclass.VOICEONE:CarlenteredTennesseeStateCollegeinnineteenforty-two.Healmosthadtoleavecollegeafterthefirstfewmonthsbecausehedidnothaveenoughmoney.Butonthewaytocatchabus,hisluckchanged.Hefoundthetwentydollarsheneededtostayincollege.CarlRowandidsowellincollegethathewaschosenbytheUnitedStatesNavytobeco
10、meoneofthefirstfifteenblackNavyofficers.Hesaidthatexperiencechangedhislife.CarlservedonshipsduringWorldWarTwo.Afterward,hereturnedtocollegeandgraduatedfromOberlinCollegeinOhio.HewentontoreceivehismastersdegreeinjournalismfromtheUniversityofMinnesota.VOICETWO:Innineteenforty-eight,CarlRowanbecamearep
11、orterfortheMinneapolisTribunenewspaperinMinnesota.Hewasoneofthefirstblackreporterstowriteforamajordailynewspaper.Asayoungreporter;hecoveredracialtensionsintheSouthduringthecivilrightsmovement.Innineteenfifty-six,hetraveledtotheMiddleEasttocoverthewarovertheSuezCanal.HealsoreportedfromEurope,Indiaand
12、otherpartsofAsia.Hewonseveralmajorreportingawards.VOICEONE:MisterRowansreportsonracerelationsintheSouthinterestedPresidentJohnF.Kennedy.Innineteensixty-one,PresidentKennedyappointedMisterRowandeputyassistantSecretaryofState.HeservedasadelegatetotheUnitedNationsduringtheCubanmissilecrisisinnineteensi
13、xty-two.MisterRowanlaterwasappointedambassadortoFinland.DuringhisyearsinPresidentKennedysadministration,CarlRowangottoknow1.yndonB.Johnson.1.yndonJohnsonbecamepresidentafterPresidentKennedywasassassinatedinnineteensixty-three.Innineteensixty-four;PresidentJohnsonnamedCarlRowandirectoroftheUnitedStat
14、esInformationAgency.ThepositionmadehimthehighestlevelAfricanAmericanintheUnitedStatesgovernment.MisterRowansaidbeingchosentoheadtheUnitedStatesInformationAgencyandtheVoiceofAmericawasoneofthegreathonorsofhislife.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:InnineteenSiXty-five,CarlRowanleftthegovernmentandstartedwritingfornewsp
15、apers.Hewroteacolumnthattoldhisopinionsaboutimportantsocial,economicandpoliticalissues.Itappearedseveraltimesaweekinanumberofnewspapers.Radioandtelevisionjobsfollowed.MisterRowanoftenwroteintenselyaboutracerelations.Yet,hewrotewithmorefeelingaboutonesubjectthananyother:thateducationandhardworkwillhe
16、lpyoungAfricanAmericansmoveforward.CarlRowanwasangeredbytheideasofsomeyoungblacks.Hesaidtheybelievedthattostudyhardandperformwellinschoolwasactingwhite,Hedeploredtheideathatexcellenceisforwhitesonly.VOICEONE:Innineteeneighty-seven,MisterRowancreatedaprogramcalledProjectExcellence.Theprogramrewardsbl
17、ackstudentswhodowellinschool.Overtheyears,theprogramhasprovidedmillionsofdollarstohelpAfricanAmericanstudentsgetmoneyforcollege.VOICEONE:Throughouthislife,CarlRowanwasastrongvoiceforracialjusticeinAmerica.Yet,healsodemandedexcellencefromotherblackAmericans.HewroteaboutwrongdoingwithintheNationalAsso
18、ciationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople.TheNAACPfightsforthecivilrightsofAfricanAmericans.MisterRowanscolumnsledtotheresignationofitschairmanandhelpedspeedtheorganizationsfinancialrecovery.VOICETWO:CarlRowanlivedwithhiswife,VivienMurphy,inalargehouseinWashington,D.C.Theyhadthreechildrenandfourgrandc
19、hildren.Hehadbeenastrongsupporterofguncontrollaws.Butinnineteeneighty-eight,hewaschargedforfiringagunthathedidnotlegallyown.Heshotandwoundedateenagerwhowasonhispropertyillegally.Rowanwasarrestedandtried.Duringthetrial,hearguedthathehadtherighttousewhatevermeansnecessarytoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.T
20、hejuryfailedtoreachadecisioninthecase.Innineteenninety-one,CarlRowanwroteabookabouthislifecalledBreakingBarriers.Severalyearslater,hewroteabookcalledTheComingRaceWarinAmerica.Thebookdescribestheexplodingangerbetweenblacksandwhitesandthepossibilityofafutureracewar.Somepeoplepraisedthebook.Othersthoug
21、htitwasharmfulandirresponsible.VOICEONE:CarlRowanwasthefirstblackpresidentofanorganizationoftopreportersinWashingtoncalledtheGridironClub.ThegroupdoesashoweveryyearthatmakesfunoftheAmericanpoliticalprocess.MisterRowanoftenperformedbysingingorleadingacomedyact.CarlRowanusedsimplewordswhenhespoke,yeth
22、ewasverydirect.Hewascriticizedsometimesforthat.Somepeoplethoughtthathisideasweretooliberal.Othersthoughthewastoomoderate.Butmostpeoplethoughthisstoriesgenerallywereveryfair.MisterRowantalksabouthislifeinhisbook,BreakingBarriers:CAR1.ROWAN:Thebarriersthatwereupagainstblacksgettingintothefieldofcommun
23、ications.WhenIwentinyoucouldcountonthefingersofonehandthenumberofblackswithfull-fledgedjobsondailynewspapers.TodayyouvegotblacksnotonlyonallkindsofnewspapersbutonTVscreensandonradio,publicrelationsjobsingreatcorporations,andthatisanareaofprogressthatIthinkIhelpedtoopenupalittlebit.VOICETWO:CarlRowan
24、diedSeptemberTwenty-Third,Two-Thousand,inWashington,D.C.Hewasseventy-fiveyearsold.Duringthelastyearsofhislife,hesufferedfromdiabetesandheartproblems.Butheneverfailedtowritehisnewspapercolumn.Heneverletbadthingsslowhimdown.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyCynthiaKirk.mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmDougJohnson.1.istenagainnextweekforanotherPEOP1.EINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
