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1、INTERNATIONA1.STANDARDISO4722-1editionFirst2023-10Waterqua1.ityThorium232幅骷WethOdusinga1.phaspectrometryQua1.itedeeauThorium232Partie1:Methoded,essaiparSpectrometriea1.phaRctcrcnccnumberISO4722-1.:2023(E)COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENTISO2023IUirhM*hedbdi1.iUedotherwiseupdhi.orkwqnttoctu1.aicnpkni1tUqntt
2、*HdUcop)nppU1.joationmaytheinternetoranintranet,withoutpriorwrittenpermission.PermissioncanberequestedfromeitherISOattheaddressbe1.oworISOsmemberbodyinthecountr)oftherequester.f),WVfifiU81.andonnet8CH-1214Vernier,GenevaPhone：M1.227490111觥ftte:丽丽BQrgPub1.ishedinSwitzer1.andContentsForewordIitroductio
3、nScopeNormativereferencesTerms,definitionsandsymbo1.s3.1TermsanddefinitionsSfmbo1.sPrincip1.eChemica1.reagentsandequipmentS.1Genera1.5.2Chemica1.reagentsSamp1.ing,hand1.ingandstorage一.61Samp1.ing.6.2Samp1.estorageSeparationandmeasurement7.1 Chemica1.steps7.2 Measurement7.2.1 Qua1.itycontro1.7.2.2 Ch
4、emica1.recovery7.2.3 BackgroundExpressionofresu1.ts8.1 Spectrumana1.ysis8.2 Ca1.cu1.ationofactivityconcentration潮螂棉翳鼬UyDetection1.imit1.imitsofcoverageinterva1.s9.1 1.imitsoftheprobabi1.istica1.1.ysymmetriccoverageinterva1.9.2 1.imitsoftheshortestcoverageinterva1.TestreportAnnexA(informative)Chemica
5、1.separationOfthorium._._.AnnexB(informative)Preparationofthesourcebye1.ectrodepositionAnnexC(informative)PreparationofthesourcebycoprecipitationBib1.iographyForewordISO(theInternationa1.OrganizationforStandardization)isawor1.dwidefederationofnationa1.standardsttiugh(ISOmrtmiw)bMdniK盟RAucekdHpfff1.Q
6、bbGgbodyIcommitteehasbeenestab1.ishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationa1.organizations,governmenta1.andnon-governmenta1.,in1.iaisonwithISO,a1.sotakepartinthework.ISOco1.1.aboratesc1.ose1.ywiththee1.ectrotechnica1.standardization.Internationa1.E1.ectrotechnica1.Commission(IEC)ona1
7、.1.mattersofTheproceduresusedtodeve1.opthisdocumentandthoseintendedforitsfurthermaintenancearedyiFFHSOfISO雇etW1.kes,s姗抬”not1.f1.fcfcww1.蝌闾IC嚓COrdanCe肺theeditoria1.ru1.esoftheISO/IECDirectives.Part2(seewwsv.iso.org/direc1.ives).假)(徽ents)aWNWontakest三嬲据i帆n曲1.fiB幽硼8硒ffiHFtm部幽曲野榴IVQdaimedpatentrightsinr
8、espectthereof.Asofthedateofpub1.icationofthisdocumentISOhadnotreceivednoticeof（八）patent(三)whichmayberequiredtoimp1.ementthisdocument.However,imp1.ementersare触怖翻琳酶/mj，wWjSOQFg/眸IentS洗蝮油那ion,扁MMSPOn赖岫油嬲9的阳躲Orasuchpatentrights.Anytradeusedinthisconstitutenameendorsenent.documentisinformationgivenforthe
9、convenienceofusersanddoesnotForanexp1.anationofthevo1.untarynatureofstandards,themeaningofISOspecifictermsand幽幽蛔豳酒侬遮W即辆O)assEif1.眦聚inwe帼1.见OnBar池帆四dead邮&CcsVbr11isoorgisoforeword.htmI.ThisdocumentwaspreparedRadioactivitymeasurements,byTechnica1.CommitteeISO/TC147,Waterqua1.ity,SubcommitteeSC3,AIisto
10、fa1.1.partsintheISO4722seriescanbefoundontheISOwebsite.由珏拼占6“典fiftsHHiesthismRMeHftKFhoUWWW!而图membeKft1.i命nationa1.standardsbody.AIntroductionwaters,seawaters)containradionuc1.ides,whichcanbeofeithernatura1.oranthropogenicorigin.canrainwater)inorre1.easedfromtechno1.ogica1.Processesprocessesinvo1.vi
11、ngdesorptionoccurringradioactiveAnthropogenicradionuc1.idesemittingradionuc1.idessuchSr,wTc,transuranice1.ementsfoundNp,natura1.Anthropogenicradionuc1.idesUsedbeforemcdica1.dischargcdtotheenvirontncntandre1.easedbodies.occurredattheChornoby1.andFukushimanuc1.earfaci1.ities.nuc1.earfaci1.itiescanduri
12、ngp1.anned,radionuc1.idesatemergencyconcentationssitations.can11presentdrinkingNationa1.regu1.ationsusua1.1.yeff1.uentsactivityconcentrationenvironment,authorizedCandrinkingNOTEOfdrinkingRUidanCe1.eve1.ca1.cu1.atedinReferenceetYectiveisdoseactivityconcentrationthat,Withpub1.icintakeofconcentrationca
13、npossib1.yemergency,thethanVHOCodexandGuideIine1.eve1.sTh,respective1.y,theactivitydeve1.OPeddQCUmentContains1.aboratoriestodetermine232232Thwaterwatersamp1.es.Thetestmethodhasbeencountingtimeofabout200OOOs.characteristic1.imit,decisionthresho1.d,Suchdetectionemergencyanduncertaintiesnationa1.guidan
14、ce1.imits1.imits.ISO2023-A1.1.rightsreservedRadionuc1.idesarepresentthroughouttheenvironment;thus,waterbodies(e.g.surfacewaters,groundNatura1.1.y-occurringradionuc1.ides,inc1.uding3i,mC,4oKandthoseoriginatingfromthethoriumanduraniumdecayseries,inparticu1.ar210Pb,2oPor222Rn,22Ra,22Ra,227c23iPa,23Uand
15、23U,bybefoundwaterbodiesdueeithernatura1.(e.g.natura1.1.yfromtheSoi1.runoffmateria1.s(e.g.mining;minera1.processing;oi1.,gasandcoa1.production;watertreatment;andproductionanduseofphosphateferti1.isers).andCm)andsomegammasuch55Fe,59Ni,63Ni,90as60C0and137Csa1.sobe(e.g.inPu,Amwaters.Sma1.1.quantitiesof
16、anthropogenicradionuc1.idescanbedischargedfromnuc1.earfaci1.itiestotheenvironmentasaresu1.tofauthorizedroutinere1.eases.Theradionuc1.idespresentin1.iquidef11uentsarcusua1.1.ycontro1.1.edinbeingandindustria1.app1.icationscanbewatertotheenvironmentafteruse.Anthropogenicradionuc1.idesarca1.sofoundinwat
17、ersduetocontaminationfromfa1.1.outresu1.tingfromabove-groundnuc1.eardetonationsandaccidentssuchasthosethathaveRadionudideactivityconcentrationsinwaterbodiescanvaryaccordingto1.oca1.geo1.ogica1.characteristicsandc1.imaticconditionsandcanbe1.oca1.1.yandtempora1.1.yenhancedbyc1.easesfromwatersourcesthu
18、scontainexistingactivityexposurethat23jSomeahumanhea1.thrisk.TheWor1.dHea1.thOrganization(WHO)recommendstoroutine1.ymonitorradioactivityindrinkingwaters4andtotakeproperactionswhenneededtominimizethehea1.thrisk.waters,waterbodiesandIiquidspedfythetobedischargedthe1.imitsthatareThese1.imitsinvaryforp1
19、.anned,existing,andemergencyexposuresituations.Forexamp1.e,duringeitherap1.annedorexistingsituation,theWHOguidance1.eve1.for232Thindrinkingwateris1Bq1.-(seeNOTE).Comp1.iancewithobtained,withasscssedassociateduncertaintes.radioactivityspedfiedwaterSanip1.esGuidc9&3comparing5667-2016).21.d-Thewaterfor
20、oneyear,resu1.tsinan4theof0.1mSva-membersoftheanThisisaneffectivedosethatrepresentsavery1.ow1.eve1.ofrisktohumanhea1.thandwhichisnotexpectedtogiverisetoanydetectab1.eadversehea1.theffects(4.Intheeventofnuc1.earbenotgreater1Bq1.-10Bq1.-for232p)statesthatforinfantsandotherthaninfants.Thissupportmet1.o
21、dtoThininThedetection1.imitformeasurementofatestportionofabout500m1.isapproximate1.y5mBq1.-withaas1.imitsituations,Iowerarebe1.owtherequiredandThemethodsdescribedinthisdocumentcanbeusedforvarioustypesofwaters(seeC1.ause1).Minormodificationssuchassamp1.evo1.umeandcountingtimecanbemadeifneededtoensure
22、thattheThiscanbedoneforsevera1.reasonsoperationa1.requirements.Waterqua1.ityThorium232Testmethodusinga1.phaspectrometryWARNINGPersonsusingthisdocumentshou1.dbefami1.iarwithnorma1.1.aboratorypractice.Thisdocumentdoesnotpurporttoaddressa1.1.thesafetyprob1.ems,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsi
23、bi1.ityoftheusertoestab1.ishappropriatesafetyandhea1.thpracticesandtodeterminetheapp1.icabi1.ityofanyotherrestrictions.IMPORTANTItisessentia1.thattestsconductedaccordingtothisdocumentbecarriedoutbysuitab1.ytrainedstaff.1 Scopeconcentrationenvironmentenvironmenta1.spcctrometry(inc1.uding229seaWatcrsJ
24、rccoverytracer.Waterschemica1.thoriumprincip1.esout1.inedandthisdocumentaqueoussamp1.es,fortheana1.ysisofothera1.pha-emitting2 Normativereferencesconstitutesrequirements1.atesteditiondocument.referencedreferences,(inc1.uc1.ingamendments)app1.ies.app1.ies.samp1.ingCeChniqUeSqUaIia-Samp1.ingPart1:Guid
25、anceonthedesignofsamp1.ingprogrammesandISOcoverageDeterminationmeasurementscharactensticradiationFundamenta1.sdetectionapp1.ication1.imitsofE1.ementaryapp1.icationsISOTerms,definitionsandsymbo1.sIAtomicandnuc1.earphysics3.1TermsanddefinitionsappyPart1:Thisdocumentspecifiesthemethodandtheconditionsfo
26、rthedetermination0f232Thactivityre1.easethesamp1.esofusinga1.phawaterandThandwasteAbeforeseparationa1.1.owstoseparateandpurifythoriumfromatestportionofthesamp1.e.Thegencra1.isotopessuchas22Thin230Thincanbeapp1.iedThefo1.1.owingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeora1.1.oftheircontentund
27、atedreferences,theofthisoftheFordateddocumenton1.yIhcanycditioncitedForISO3696,Waterforana1.ytica1.1.aboratoryuseSpecificationandtestmethodsISO5667-1.rWaterISO5667-3,Waterqua1.itySamp1.ingPart3:Preservationandhand1.ingofwatersamp1.esthe119291,interva1.)orof(heofIonizing1.imits(decisionthresho1.d,and
28、1.imitandPart1：ISO/IEC17025,Genera1.requirementsforthecompetenceoftestingandca1.ibration1.aboratories380000-1OtQuantitiesunits-PartForthepurposesofthisdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninISO11929-1andISO80000-10ISOandIECmaintaintermino1.ogydatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefo1.1.owingaddresses：
29、ISOOn1.inebrowsingp1.atform:avai1.ab1.eathttps:/www.iso.org/obpSymbo1.DescriptionUnitACAActivityoftheThtraceraddedBqCACACACACACACkpPPaPPYPPapPYqRRrrrrttUUcUCAU(C八cUCAWVaYDistributionfunctionofthestandardizednorma1.distributionThesymbo1.susedinthisdocumentarc“斑IM1.Symbo1.sAuxi1.iaryquantity4Princip1.
30、eseparationchemica1.iso1.ationexchangechromatography).step(e.g.aprecipitation)andaspecificradionuc1.idesfromthewatersamp1.e,tracerifnochemica1.separationiscarriedouttoremovethesespectrometrya1.phapartideschamberthesemiconductor-typeInteractionMeasurementsre1.ywhichtheprovidesaspectrum/romwhichdetcct
31、ornumberana1.ysed(counts)e1.ectronicsystems.energyana1.ysissoftwaresamp1.eactivityconcentrationfor232recoveryCorrcctingrecoveryb1.ankdetcc1.ionefidency).ofthetestdeterminedchemica1.measuringthetota1.measurementrecoveryfromthenetcountrateof229Th,radioactiveCharacteriscics1.aboratoryVvaterthoriumcomp1
32、.ianceWithgiven3696Tab1.2(seeReferencestracer.TheTab1.e2Characteristicsofthemainthoriumisotopes23214.02(6)1094011,2(14)21.05 Chemica1.reagentsandequipment5.1 Genera1.describedpresentedsha1.1.beUSed.whichgivevariousoptions.Wheretherearechoices,at1.eastoneoftheThetestsamp1.eismixedwithana1.iquot0f2z9T
33、htracer,fo1.1.owedbyequi1.ibrationofthesamp1.epriorana1.ysis,stcp(e.g.usingofthoriumbyconcentrationUraniumisotopes,210P0.237Np,23Pu0r241Amcanbepresentinwaterandcaninterferewiththecounting23zThandthe229ThThemeasuredthinsourceispreparedbye1.ectrodepositionorco-precipitationandmeasuredbya1.phainteracti
34、onofusinggridwithoradetectingmedium.Thisapparatus,createscharge,onisamp1.ifiedandoutputasavo1.tagepu1.seproportiona1.tothedepositedenergyoftheincominga1.phapartic1.e.Thee1.ectricpu1.seinthetheIsofP1.HSeSbytherecordedineachDatainterva1.isshown.Theana1.ysisofthecountratesinthe232Tha1.phaenergywindowa1
35、.1.owsthedeterminationofthetestandthetota1.measurementTh,after(chemica1.fortheandcountrate,thevo1.umeThechemica1.recoveryanddetectionefficiencyarenotnecessari1.ydeterminedseparate1.ybutareaddedasatogetherbyrecoverytracer.Forqua1.itycontro1.andtoquantifypotentia1.impuritiesinthetracerso1.ution,ab1.an
36、ksamp1.esha1.1.bepreparedusinggrade3ofthemaininisotopesareISOinwiththeadditionof8,9and).ThoriumisotopeHa1.f-Iifc(uncertainty)Maina1.phapartic1.eemissionenergy(uncertainty)Intensity3948.5(14)78,9TheChemiea4ndequipmentusedforchemica1.treatmentandpreparationofthesourceareoptionsinAnnexesAtoC,Useon1.yre
37、agentsofrecognizedana1.ytica1.grade.5.2 Chemica1.reagents5.2.1 1.aboratorywater,usedasab1.ank,asfreeaspossib1.eofchemica1.orradioactiveimpurities(e.g.uraniumorthoriumisotopes),comp1.yingwithISO3696,gade3.Un1.essotherwisestated,waterreferstodeionisedwater.tQIWiSWfHtMa1.1.WiM四至电嗝抨幅沿fMhtrationcanhebetw
38、een0,05Bqg-and1Bqg-.用并H姗1.ndedin忠嗝鸣卿龈飘市曲丽战枷加的球肝故抑枫喇胎曲盟福觇肾tin&butanaccountneedstobetakenofprogenyradionuc1.ideingrowth.Performingab1.ankana1.ysiswithtracerisapotentia1.waytoidentifyanypresenceofthoriumisotopeana1.ytesinthetracer.5.3 EquipmentUsua1.1.aboratoryequipmentand,inparticu1.ar,thefo1.1.owing.
39、53.1SemWPhaUctOrsjethwbttiuotaatat也到rcovbiN,higherdetechmuww)itat0ttmtB1.ution)temperatureisrecommended.Fo1.1.owthemanufacturersinstructions.Fr视的啊聃部网heion榔部融CgMgThi和心叫gft1.喃nt1.yde脚幽wconductivityofthesi11con,proportiona1.totheenergyoftheincominga1.phapartic1.e.ToachieveWe1.rreso1.vedspectra,thedetec
40、tionsystemneedstobemaintainedatapressure1Pa.Reso1.utioncanbeRHP1.f三MiY栅种雌鳏咻VCen眠rcas曲MwriW4iJftA-3.es3riwrttep1.Wksrt)rno1.b1.ue,0.4g1.-.8.2.5 Ammoniaso1.ution,PNH4OH=250g1.-.8.2.6 Su1.furicacidso1.ution,p112S(M=10g1.-.8.2.7 Ammoniaso1.ution,pH40H三Ig1.-.佳8hcDioiddIWaterJnq沿coMpBito科VhIISOy6ib1.hH;Ch
41、Cn1.iCa1.orradioactiveimpurities8.3 EquipmentThee1.ectrodepositionapparatusisgenera1.1.ycomposedofthefo1.1.owingcomponents.8.3.1 G1.ass,po1.ytetraf1.uoroethy1.ene(PTFE),orpo1.yethy1.enee1.ectrodepositionce1.1.8.3.2 P1.atinumwire(anode).8.3.3 Stain1.essstee1.disk(cathode)withadiameteradaptedtothee1.e
42、ctrodepositionce1.1.8.3.4 DCpowersupp1.y.8.3.5 Hotp1.ate.8.3.6 Petridish.8.4 Procedure8.4.1 Genera1.ThisDrocedureisbasedonReference13andASTMC1284(i.8.4.2 Assemb1.yofthee1.ectrodeposittonce1.1.ThisprocedurereferstoUe1.e0depositionapparatusdesignedfordepositsonsma1.1.diameter9f1.11idjft1.dfct(rodtjMMftW)i)j(khfbitbhftywveappar3tuiaify1.ktf1.ttfrmationonthereverseP1.acethec1.eananddegreasedstain1.ess-stee1.disk(B.3.3)inthecapassemb1.y.Screwthece1.1.(B.3.1)w
