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1、PDCEN/TR12349:2023Mechanica1.vibrationGuidetothehea1.theffectsofvibrationonthehumanbodybsi.PD3NTRt234%2M3PUB1.JSHEDDOeUMENTNationa1.forewordThisPub1.ishedDocumentistheUKimp1.ementationofCEN/TR12349:2023.Itsupersedes-Pft4234m7.whichisTheUKparticipationinitspreparationwasentrustedtoTechnica1.Committee
2、GME/21/6,Humanexposuretomechanica1.W*fWanizationsrepresentedonthiscommitteecanbeobtainedonrequesttoitscommitteemanager.vibrationandshock.Thispub1.icationhasbeenpreparedingoodfaith,howeverno明瞰tua1.andIeg舐腿即独册Sundertaking1.iabi1.ityisacceptedbyBSIinre1.ationtotheadequacy,accuracy,comp1.etenessorreason
3、ab1.enessofthispub1.ication.A11andanysuchresponsibi1.ityand阴泄曲麻朋,蝴Mf1.I闻啾曝如洲心趣幼西朋好眄expressorwi1.1.berecipientsown11s.1.RVn1.ityiVjHdafift,thefu1.1.extentpermittedbythe1.aw.Thispub1.icationisnotintendedtoconstituteacontract.UsersareThispub1.icationisnottoberegardedasaBritishStandard.1.1respectrepentU
4、Seadv1.SedP1.fb1.Ication.seekingprofessiona1.guidancewithThebyBSI1.imited西曲射M驹描R网app1.ication.ICS13.160PubIishedBritishStandards1.nstitution2023ThisPub1.ishedDocumentwaspub1.ishedundertheauthorityoftheComp1.iancewithaPub1.ishedDocumentcannotconferimmunityfrom1.ega1.ob1.igations.StandardsPo1.icyandS1
5、.raIegyCommitteeon31August2023.Amendments/corrigendaissuedsincepub1.icationEuropeanforewordThisdocument(CEN/TR12349:2023)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnica1.CommitteeCEN/TC231wMcchanica1.vibrationandshock*,thesecretariatofwhichishe1.dbyDIN.Attentionisdrawntothepossibi1.itythatsomeofthee1.ementsofthisdocument
6、maybethesubjectofpatentrights.CENsha1.1.notbehe1.dresponsib1.eforidentifyinganyora1.1.suchpatentrights.ThisdocumentsupersedesCR12349:1996.Themainchangescomparedtothepreviouseditionareasfo1.1.ows: genera1.informationaboutfoottransmittedvibrationinc1.uded： subdausesonrtPreventionmovedtonewinformativeA
7、nnexA; g1.ossarymovedtoAnnexB; editoria1.revisiontocomp1.ywithCENInterna1.Regu1.ations.Anyfeedbackandquestionsonthisdocumentshou1.dbedirectedtotheusers*nationa1.standardsbody.Acomp1.ete1.istingofthesebodiescanbefoundontheCENwebsite.IntroductionThisdocumentisanupdateofthe1stversionfrom1996anditpmvide
8、sashortoverviewoftheknow1.edgeofthepossib1.eeffectsofvibrationonthehumanbodyatwork.Itisaninformativedocumentwhichpresentsgenera1.backgroundinformationfortheuserofthedifferentEuropeanStandardsonvibration.InfonnationaboutexistingapproachesforpreventionisprovidedintheinformativeAnnexA.g1.ossarywithimpo
9、rtanttermsis1.istedinAnnexB.Mechanica1.vibrationarisesfromawidevarietyofprocessesandoperationsperformedinindustry,craft,forestryandagricu1.ture,andpub1.icuti1.ities.Vibrationsaremain1.ycausedbypoweredprocesses,handhe1.dandhand-guidedtoo1.s,workpieces,orbyvehic1.es.Occupationa1.exposuretovibrationcan
10、1.eadtohea1.thrisksinc1.udingoccupationa1.diseases.Ep1.aintsandhea1.thdisorders,main1.yattheupper1.imbsandthe1.owerback.Acomprehensiveknow1.edgeofeffectsofvibrationonthebodywithrisksforsafetyandhea1.thatworkisessentia1.toimp1.ementappropriatetechnica1.,administrative/OrganiSatiQna1.persona1.protecti
11、vemeasuresandmedica1.preventivemeasures.Thisknow1.edgeformsthebasisfortheEUVibrationDirective2002/44/EGitsnationa1.imp1.ementationatEUMemberStatesandthecontinuousupdatingofthisregu1.atoryframeworkbynewscientificknow1.edgeinc1.udingthetechnica1.andmedica1.guidestoavoidorminimizeoccupationa1.risksbyvi
12、brationexposureatwork.1ScopeTheaimofthisdocumentistoprovideinformationonthepossib1.eadversehea1.theffectscausedbyexposuretovibrationatwork.Thereportaddressesmanufacturers,companieswhichintroducemachineryontheEUmarketaswe1.1.asemp1.oyersandemp1.oyeesusingvibratingmachineryinordertoimprovetheirunderst
13、andingofthepossib1.ehea1.thprob1.emsarisingfromoccupationa1.exposuretovibration.Thisdocumentis1.imitedtotheeffectsonhea1.thanddoesnotcoverthepotentia1.effectsofvibrationoncomfort,humanperformance,orvibrationperception.Mostoftheinformationonwho1.e-bodyvibrationinthisdocumentisbasedupondataavai1.ab1.e
14、fromresearchonhumanresponsetovibrationofseatedpersons.Thereareon1.yfewdataontheeffectsofvibrationonpersonsinstanding,rec1.iningorrecumbentpositions.Theinformationonbothhand-transmittedvibrationandwho1.e-bodyvibrationisbasedupondatafrom1.aboratoryresearchonacuteeffectsaswe1.1.asupondatafromepidemio1.
15、ogicfie1.d-studiesatworkp1.aces.Additiona1.informationcanbeobtainedfromthescientific1.iterature.2 NormativereferencesTherearenonormativereferencesinthisdocument.3 TermsanddenitionsNotermsanddefinitionsare1.istedinthisdocument.ISOandIECmaintainte11nino1.ogica1.databasesforuseinstandardizationatthefo1
16、.1.owingaddresses:ISOOn1.inebrowsingp1.atform:avai1.ab1.eathttps:/www.iso.org/obp4厢!斗网fWirt呼阴Hfionhttps:WWW.e1.ectropedia.og/4.1 Genera1.Poweredprocessesandtoo1.swhichexposeoperators*handstovibrationarewidespreadinsevera1.industria1.andcraftactivities.Ocaipationa1.exposuretohand-transmittedvibration
17、canarisefromrotatingandpercussivehand-he1.dpowertoo1.susedinthemanufacturingindustry,craftrquarrying,miningandconstruction,forestryandagricu1.ture,andpub1.icuti1.ities.Exposuretohand-transmittedvibrationcana1.sooccurfromvibratingworkpieceshe1.dinthehandsoftheoperator,andfromhand-he1.dvibratingcontro
18、1.ssuchasmotorcyc1.ebarsorvehic1.esteeringwhee1.s.Ithasbeenestimatedthat1,7%to3,6%OftheworkersintheEuropeancountriesareexposedtopotentia1.1.yharmfu1.hand-transmittedvibration.Thetermhandarmvibration(HAV)syndromeiscommon1.yusedtorefertothecomp1.exOfperiphera1.vascu1.ar,neuro1.ogica1.andmuscu1.oske1.e
19、ta1.disordersassociatedwithexposuretohand-transmittedvibration.Workersexposedtohand-transmittedvibrationcanbeaffectedwithneuro1.ogica1.and/orvascu1.ardisordersseparate1.yorsimu1.taneous1.y.Excessiveexposuretohand-transmittedvibrationcaninc1.udedisturbancesinfingerb1.oodf1.ow,andinneuro1.ogica1.and1.
20、ocomotorfunctionsofthehandandarm.Vascu1.ardisordersandboneandjointsabnorma1.itiescausedbyhand-transmittedvibrationarecompensatedoccupationa1.diseasesinsevera1.countries.Thesedisordersarea1.soinc1.udedinaEuropeanschedu1.eofrecognizedoccupationa1.diseases.Thevibrationre1.ateddiseasesas1.istedattheEuro
21、peanschedu1.eOfoccupationa1.diseases.，褊矗f需嚼聘鼎揣髓那弼郎M糜靛蚪givenintheEUDirectiveVibrationWorkersexposedtohand-transmittedvibrationcancomp1.ainOfepisodesofpa1.eorwhitefingerusua1.1.ytriggeredbyco1.dexposure.Thisdisorder,duetotemporaryabo1.itionofb1.oodcircu1.ationtothefingers,isca1.1.edRaynaud,sphenomenon
22、(afterMauriceRaynaud,aFrenchphysicianwhofirstdescribeditin1862).Itisbe1.ievedthatvibrationcandisturbthedigita1.circu1.ationmakingitmoresensitivetothevasoconstrictiveactionofco1.d.Toexp1.ainco1.d-inducedRaynaud1Sphenomenoninvibration-exposedworkers,someinvestigatorsinvokeanexaggeratedcentra1.vasocons
23、trictorref1.excausedbypro1.ongedexposuretoharmfu1.vibration,whi1.eotherstendtoemphasizethero1.eofvibration-induced1.oca1.changesinthedigita1.vesse1.s.Varioussynonymshavebeenusedtodescribevibration-inducedvascu1.ardisorders:deadorwhitefinger.RaynaudrSphenomenonofoccupationa1.oin,traumaticvasospasticd
24、isease,and,morerecent1.y,vibration-inducedwhitefinger(VWF).VWFisaprescribeddiseaseinmanycountries.Initia1.1.yattacksofb1.anchinginvo1.vethetipsatoneormorefingers,but,withcontinuedexposuretovibration,theb1.anchingcanextendtothebaseofthefingers.Sometimes,anattackofb1.anchingisfo1.1.owedbycyanosis,i.e.
25、ab1.uishdisco1.orationoftheaffectedfingersduetoincreasedextractionofoxygenfromthes1.uggishdigita1.circu1.ation.Intherecoveryphase,common1.yacce1.eratedbywarmthor1.oca1.massage,reiessreventua1.1.yassociatedwithpain,canappearintheaffectedfingersasaresu1.tofareactiveincreaseotb1.oodf1.owinthecutaneousv
26、esse1.s.Theb1.anchingattacksaremorecommoninwinterthaninsummerand1.astfromafewminutestomorethanonehour.Thedurationvarieswiththeintensityofthetriggeringstimu1.i,theattackisusua1.1.yendingwhentheentirebodyiswarmed.Ifvibrationexposurecontinues,theb1.anchingattacksbecomemorefrequentandcanoccura1.1.yearar
27、ound.Inrareadvancedcases,repeatedandseverefingerb1.anchingattackscan1.eadtotrophicchanges(u1.cerationorgangrene)intheskinofthefingertips.Duringtheattacktheaffectedworkerscanexperienceacomp1.ete1.ossoftouchsensationancmanipu1.ativedexterity,whichcaninterferewithworkactivityincreasingtheriskforacutein
28、juriesduetoaccidents.Inoccupationa1.medicinevariousstaging褊(翩碗胭融源施舰躲翦他感蝴的搬腌睡版S留跚麒聊麻疆哪脏noninthehand-armvibrationsyndromeStageGradeSymptomsKeyvascu1.arcomponentThesimi1.aritybetweenvibrationtransmissibi1.ityofhand-transmittedvibrationandFTVsuggeststhattheuseofHAVstandardsarepossib1.ybemoreappropriatef
29、orassessingthepossibi1.ityofdeve1.opingvascu1.arandneuro1.ogica1.feetdisorders.5ff1.fterstfiJa6fstheeva1.uationofFVexposurearenecessary.5.4.1Neck-shou1.derdisordersWBVcontainingfrequencieswithinthefundamenta1.resonancefrequencyofthebodycancauseseveremotionoftheshou1.ders.This1.eadstoincreasedrespons
30、efiomthemusc1.esinthebodyregion.Manydriverscomp1.ainaboutdisordersintheneck-shou1.der.Severa1.ergonomicfactorscanbesuspectedtogiveraisetothesecomp1.aints,e.g.twistedheadpostures,hand-1.evermanoeuvring,stressandWBV.J*翻根罹8*Is褪蜥H阚幅d”MBshaVebeenperformedhaveon1.yshownaFromexperimenta1.researchonacuteeff
31、ects,itisknownthatexposuretoWBVcan1.eadtoincreasedgastro-intestina1.activity.Severa1.studieshavebeenundertakentodeterminethe1.ong-termeffectsofWBVOnthedigestivesystem.Insomestudies,anincreasedpreva1.enceofgastro-p1.aints,pepticu1.cerandgastritiswasfoundindriversofvibratingvehic1.es.Someotherstudiesd
32、idnotfindadverseeftects.However,thefew4,positiveepidemio1.ogicstudieson1.ysnoweds1.ightassociations,evenforthepopu1.ationswhichweremostexposed,andsomeofthesestudiesfai1.edtocontro1.forimportantpossib1.eConfoundersfe.g.smoking,a1.coho1.,dietaryhabits,shiftwork,stress),ThequestionwhetherexposuretoWBVc
33、aneatodigestivedisordersthereforeremainsopen；itis1.ike1.ytobeatmostaminorSf0-Keproductiveeffects-sti1.1.birthVibrationcanhavesomespecificeffectsonwomen.Disordersofmenstruation,interna1.inf1.ammationandabnorma1.chi1.dbirthinwomenexposedto40Hzto55Hzvibrationintheconcrete-industrywerereported,butthestu
34、dieswerenotveryinformative.Ina1.argestudyofspontaneousabortionandsti1.1.birthwithoutcongenita1.defectitwasfoundthattherewasagreaterthanexpectedincidenceofhCTO三三三三dtovibrationinthetransportsector.Furtherresearchisneeded.Inthe1.iteratureare1.ationbetweenWBVandtheoccurrenceofvaricoseveinsandhaemorrhoid
35、sissuggested.Inthisre1.ationship.WBVseemstoberatheranadditiona1.factorthatactsincombinationwiththe1.ong-termsittingpostureofdrivers.Ane1.evatedintra-abc1.omina)pressureisassumedtop1.ayaro1.eS14*4Wf61V8iYfifiyPWfe1.evidcnccishoweverweak.1.ong-termexposuretoWBVissupposedtopotentiatenoise-inducedhearin
36、g1.oss.Simu1.taneousnoiseandvibrationexposureshowhighertemporarythresho1.dShiftsofhearinginthehigherfrequencies(6kHzto10kHz)thanexposuretonoiseseparate1.y.Thepathogenicmechanismforthiseffecthasnotyetbeenc1.arified.AdeCreaSedvestibu1.arexcitabi1.ihrandahigherpreva1.enceofmu1.tip1.evestibu1.ardisturba
37、nceswerefoundinWBVexposedworkersoutacausa1.1.inkremainsdubioussinceWBVwithvery1.owandhighintensitieswas1.inkedwithanincreaseofvestibu1.ardisorders,whereasworkersexposedtoWBVofmediumintensitydidnotexhibitimpairments.AnnexA(informative)PreventionA.1.Hand-transmittedvibrationTheimp1.ementationOftechnic
38、a1.,administrativeandmedica1.procedurescanpreventinjuriesordisorderscausedbyhand-transmittedvibration.Guide1.inesonpreventiveproceduresareinc1.udedinCEN/TR1030-2andtheENISO5349series.Preventioninc1.udestechnica1.measuresaimedate1.iminationorreductionOfhand-1.ransmittedvibrationatthesource,appropriat
39、einformationandadvicetoemp1.oyersandemp1.oyees,instructiontoadoptsafeandcorrectworkpractices,andmedica1.preventiveguidance.Noadequatepersona1.protectiveequipmentagainsthand-transmittedvibrationispresent1.yavai1.ab1.e.G1.ovesareusefu1.toprotectthefingersandhandsfromtraumasandtomaintainthemwarm.Toproo
40、ftheeffectivenessofg1.ovesatattenuatingvibrationENISO10819canbeused.HeatingsystemsforhandgripsofmotorchainSaWShavebeenprovedtobeaveryeffectivepreventionmeasureinforestrywork.Sincecontinuousexposuretovibrationisbe1.ievedtoincreasevibrationhazard,itisagoodideatoinc1.uderestperiodsinworkschedu1.es.A10m
41、inrestbreakforeachhourofcontinuousvibrationexposureaswe1.1.astheuseofwarmrestroomsorcabinshavebeensuggestedaspreventivemeasures.Theaimsofhea1.thsurvei1.1.ancearetoinformtheworkeronthepotentia1.riskassociatedwithvibrationexposure,toassesshea1.thstatusandtodiagnosevibration-induceddisordersatanear1.ys
42、tage.Performingpre-exposuremedica1.screeningandperiodicc1.inica1.examinationsatregu1.arInteiva1.sonvibration-exposedworkersisreasonab1.e.Theseexaminationscanprovideinformationonwhetherand四怂P英跟Mh酿融因Bs1.g我FSbRM梦Uttheexposure.Thefo1.1.owingapproachexists.Arecordofthesubjectspersona1.,workandmedica1.his
43、toryatthefirstscreeningexaminationhe1.pstoidentifyanyhea1.thriskoftheemp1.oyee.Anyconditionwhichcanbeaggravatedbyexposuretovibration(e.g.constitutiona1.tendencytowhite-fingerdisease,someformsofsecondaryRaynaudsphenomenon,pastinjuriestotheupper1.imbscausingcircu1.atorydisturbancesordeformityofbonesan
44、djoints,neuro1.ogica1.disorders)canbedetectedduringthisexamination.Thisinc1.udesrecordingtheuseofsomedrugswnichcanaffectperiphera1.circu1.ation(e.g./-b1.ockingagents).A)mp1.eteneuro1.ogica1.,vascu1.arandOSteoarticu1.arPhySiCaIexaminationisperformedbyaqua1.ifiedphysician,dvisingtheworkertoWearadequat
45、ec1.othingtokeeptheentirebodywarm,andtoavoidorminimizethesmokingoftobacco褥8E7迎黜的W揶邛斯打击。hea1.thre-assessment)Periodichea1.thre-assessmentwitharegu1.arinterva1.(e.g.every1or2years)fo1.1.owthepre-exposurcexamination.Atsubsequentscreeningexamination,anyi1.1.nessoccurredsincethe1.astexaminationandanysymp
46、tomre1.atedtovibrationexposurearerecorded.Thefindingsofthephysica1.examinationarea1.soreported.Specificdiagnostictests(assessmentofdigita1.circu1.ationafter1.oca1.coo1.ing,neurophysio1.ogica1.investigations)aredecidedbythephysicianonthebasisoftheworker*ssymptomsandtheresu1.tsofc1.inica1.examination.
47、Thediagnostictestsarese1.ectedandperformedbyspecia1.ists.ObSerVatiOnoffingerb1.anchingisanimportantdiagnosticmarker.Vibration-exposedworkersareinstructedtoreportanddemonstratefingerb1.anchingwhenitfirstoccursorifthereisdeterioration.Physiciansandtheirstaffrecordthesepatho1.ogica1.events.Makingadecis
48、ionaboutavoidanceorreductionofvibrationexposurefortheaffectedworkerafterconsideringtheseverityofsymptoms,thecharacteristicsoftheentireworkingprocess,andotheraspectsre1.atedtothecompanysmedica1.po1.icyandthe1.egis1.ationofthecountry.However,forworkerswhoreachstage2.vascu1.arontheStockho1.mAkshopWhcritebMiyirt(tt)tohand-transmittedvibrationdoesnotseemreasonab1.e.Onmanyworkp1.acesexposuretoWBVissti1.1.notrecognizedasaseriousprob1.emandmanyoccupationa1.hea1.thandsafetyserviceshavea1.ackofexperienceinprev
