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1、全国乙卷英语试卷及答案2022 全国乙卷英语试卷及答案20222022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。全国乙卷地区：河南、安徽、江西、山西、陕西、黑龙江、吉林、甘肃、内蒙古、青海、宁夏、新疆AHenry Raeburn (1756-1823)The ExhibitionThis exhibition of
2、 some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotlands best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.Lecture SeriesScottish National Portrait (肖像画) Galle
3、ry presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.DUNCANTHOMSONRaeburnsEnglishContemporariesThursday30Oct.,13.10JUDYEGERTONCharactersandCharacterisationinRaeburnsPortraitsThursday6Nov.,13.10NICHOLASPHILLIPSONRaeburnandArtistsTra
4、ininginthe18thCenturyThursday13Nov.,13.10MARTINPOSTLEExhibition TimesMonday-Saturday 10.00-17.45Sunday 12.00-17.45Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January.Admission?4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.Scho
5、ols and CollegesA special low entrance charge of ?2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.1. What is the right time for attending Raeburns English Contemporaries?A. Sun. 26 Oct. B. Thurs. 30 Oct.C. Th
6、urs. 6 Nov. D. Thurs.13 Nov.2. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?A. ?4. B.?8. C. ?12. D.?16.3. How can full-time students get group discounts?A. They should go on Sunday mornings.B. They should come from art schools.C. They must be led by teachers.D. They must have
7、 ID cards with them.【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利雷伯恩爵士进行的展览的相关情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据表格右上角Raeburns English Contemporaries部分“Thursday 30 Oct. (10月30日星期四)”可知，在10月30日星期四可以去参加Raeburns English Contemporaries。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Admission部分“?4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an a
8、dult are admitted free.(4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。)”可知，一对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“A special low entrance charge of ?2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.(所有全日制教
9、育的学生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每人2英镑的特别低入场费。)”可知，全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中，可以获得折扣，即他们必须由教师带领。故选C项。BIn 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwoodtraveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls h
10、ad gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorot
11、hy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruffs granddaughter.Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a bla
12、nket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickendens book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on femin
13、ism, which of course influenced the girls decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothys return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good story
14、teller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow wa
15、s marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”4. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?A.To teach in a school.B.To study American history.C. To write a book.D.To do sightseeing.5. What can we learn about the girls from par
16、agraph 3?A. They enjoyed much respect. B.They had a room with a bathtub.C.They lived with the local kids. D.They suffered severe hardships.6. Which part of Wickendens writing is hair-raising?A. The extreme climate of Auburn.B.The living conditions in Elkhead.C. The railroad building in the Rockies.D
17、. The natural beauty of the West.7. What is the text?A. A news report.B. A book review.C. A childrens story.D.A diary entry.【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇书评。*简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodru
18、ff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. (1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。)”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harr
19、isons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A
20、 hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothys return to Auburn.
21、(这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，*简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。CCan a small group of drones(无人机)guarant
22、ee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying todays “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are
23、 safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regula
24、rly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated
25、that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews efforts.By using the latest te
26、chnologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail dont need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones
27、of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving
28、 trains would be able to react in time.8. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A. The use of drones in checking on power lines.B. Drones ability to work at high altitudes.C. The reduction of cost in designing drones.D. Drones reliable performance in remote areas.9. What does “
29、maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.B.Assistance from drones.C. Inspection and repair.D.Construction of infrastructure.10. What function is expected of the rail drones?A.To provide early warning. B.To make trains run automatically.C.To earn profits for the crews.D. To
30、 accelerate transportation.11. Which is the most suitable title for the text?A. What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB. How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC. What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D【解析】【导语】*是一篇说明文。应用今天
31、的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据*第二段“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and s
32、witching points.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可知使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspec
33、t and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure (检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路
34、人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据*最后一段“Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously(工程师们现在正在研究一个新概念:未来的铁路无人机。它们将在列车前方的轨道上运行，并被设定为自动运行)”可知铁路无人机有望让火车自动运行。故
35、选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据*主题段第一段“Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying todays “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions o
36、f kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全;第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知*主要讲述了
37、无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合*中心思想，适合作为*的最佳标题。故选D。DThe Governments sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.First announced in April, 20XX, the tax which applies to soft drinks co
38、ntaining more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). It is believed that todays children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ?520m a
39、 year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ?240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar
40、 levels cut by manufacturers(制造商)so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of s
41、ugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are sm
42、all companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.Todays figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施)and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy an
43、d active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.12. Why was the sugar tax introduced?A. To collect money for schools.B. To improve the quality of drinks.C. To protect childrens health.D. To encourage research in education.13. How did some drinks companies respond to t
44、he sugar tax?A. They turned to overseas markets.B. They raised the prices of their products.C. They cut down on their production.D. They reduced their products sugar content.14. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?A. Most alcoholic drinks.B. Milk-based drinks.C. Fruit juices.D. Cl
45、assic Coke.15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.C. It benefits manufacturers.D.It upsets customers.【答案】12. C 13. D 14. D 15. B【解析】【导语】*是一篇说明文。*主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据*第二段中
46、的“First announced in April, 20XX, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity .(该税于20XX年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。)”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖。故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft dri
47、nks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.(此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税。)”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.(然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的。)”可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖
