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1、Cambridge 4TEST 11. ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视v.2. encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3. mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4. easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5. change=modify(modification) 改变v.6. destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7. investigate=m
2、ake inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8. where=geographical location 表地点9. important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10. reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11. protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12. newspapers, television=media媒体n.13. where to live=habitat居住
3、地n.14. get warmer=global warming变暖n.15. contribute to=play a part有助于v.16. survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.17. curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18. link to=be connected with=be linked with把和相联系v.19. underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20. poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=w
4、eak贫穷的，可怜的adj.21. exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.22. mating=courtship交配.23. follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.24. good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful好的视力25. best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one =ultimate=opti
5、mum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26. surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27. volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28. similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29. blind=can not see瞎的adj.TEST 21. initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=un
6、der your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.2. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on the increase=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.3. teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4. more than one language=bilingual=sbs second language
7、多种语言n.5. determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6. young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.7. munity=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.8. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9. fail=failure=not succeed=unsu
8、ccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do no good=fall through失败v.10. endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.11. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12. inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的
9、adj.13. differ from=unusual与不同v.14. reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15. consult=ask somebodys advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.16. alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17. therapist=someone who has been tra
10、ined to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.18. retrain=taking courses再教育v.19. salary=pay=wage=ine=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20. long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.21. plaint=plain=make a pl
11、aint=protest=object=plain抱怨n.22. illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病 n.23. connection=relationship=link=correlation联系 n.24. beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的 adj.25. insight=prehension=understanding理解，见解 n.26. physical=relating to the body=bo
12、dily身体的 adj.27. hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.28. acpany=with=together=along with=e wit陪伴,伴随29. mental=relating to the health or state of someones mind精神上的，心理的 adj.30. possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.31. reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少 n.32. class=type=ki
13、nd=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33. rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习 n.34. peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc同伴 n.35. defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36. s
14、trategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.37. assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助 v.38. specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39. substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质
15、 n.40. surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境 n.41. engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣 v.42. bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43. survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.TEST 31. quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you
16、 repeat in a speech or piece of writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2. exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example of something 例证 v.3. explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.4. out
17、line= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述 v.5. purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的 n.6. encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to鼓励 v.7. loan= an amount
18、of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款 n.8. poverty= being poor贫穷n.9. crime= illegal activities in general犯罪 n.10. reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝 v.11. employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣 v.12. courier=a person or pany that i
19、s paid to take packages somewhere快递员 n.13. storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14. facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.15. ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=petitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc.有志向的，
20、雄心壮志的 adj.16. effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力 n.17. feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part of someones face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点 n.18.
21、 planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球 n.19. unpredictable=cant say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的 adj.20. machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doing something=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械 n.21. ultimate=someones ultimate aim
22、 is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in the future= final最终的，根本的 adj.22. atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛; 大气n.23. occur=happen=take place=there is=e about=e up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.24. expand= ge
23、t bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩X，扩大v.25. form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式 n.26. emerge=appear=bee visible=e into view/e into sight=e out=reappear 出现 v.27. emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射 n.28. situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况 n.29. self-conscious=wor
24、ried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的 n.30. generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生 v.31. various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety of something=differing=varying=an assortment of somet
25、hing=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的 adj.32. convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that is convenient 方便的 adj.33. objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的 adj.34. enquiry=investigate=make inquir
26、ies/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查35. observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note bee aware/conscious=catch somebodys eye=perceive观察 v.36. ment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论37. include=consist of=prise=be posed
27、 of= be made up of包含，包括 v.38. focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于 v.39. affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响 v.40. gained from=e from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve fr
28、om产生于. V.41. concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.TEST 41. official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的 adj.2. athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的 adj.3. intensive=involving a lot of activity, ef
29、fort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的 adj.4. burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发5. recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.6. inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short s
30、upply=lack of something=be short 不足的 adj.7. develop=e from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长 v.8. enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够
31、 v.9. predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测 v.10. specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家 n.11. theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of
32、the ideas or practical experience理论的 adj.12. basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的 adj.13. nature=plants/animals etc=somebodys character=qualities of something=type自然 n.14. aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end
33、目的 n.15. translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译 v.16. ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的 adj.17. realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的18. f
34、ield=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域 n.19. document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on a puter文件 n.20. equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的 adj.21. influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does
35、to=the implications 影响 n.22. behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为 n.23. pare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different from each other=liken=make a parison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较
36、 v.24. economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地 adv.25. establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织 v.26. sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long
37、time可持续的 adj.27. realize=know=be/bee aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn from experience意识到 v.28. limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制29. produce=form=create=generate生产 v.30. guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=
38、vow=mit to=pledge保证 v.31. liberty=freedom=a free hand自由 n.32. independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立 n.33. consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used to show approval持续的 adj.34. underestimate=to think or guess that something is small
39、er, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估 v.35. provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供 n.Cambridge 5TEST 11. produce=develop=manufacture生产 v.2. central=middle中心的 adj.3. did not hav
40、e=without没有 v.4. bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来 v.5. time limit=deadline时间限制，期限 n.6. increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加7. assistant=helper=coach 助手 n.8. immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large s
41、cale/large-scale巨大的 adj.9. illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示 v.10. quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语 n.11. predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.12. rival=a person, group, or
42、 organization that you pete with in sport, business, a fight etc=petitor 对手，竞争者 n.13. distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物 n.14. fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点15. cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n
43、.16. confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予 v.17. stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定 n.18. prevail=win=e out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19. contract=agreement=understanding=promise 合约 n.20. grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予 v.21. fascinate=if someone or something
44、fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremely interesting吸引，使着迷 v.22. disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰 v.23. expect=think=anticipate预期，期待 v.24. psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences peoples behavior 心理学 n.25. obey=ply with=abide by=keep
45、to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.26. identity=someones identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27. severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性 n.28. unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生 v.29. deliberately=
46、intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地 adv.30. moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between good and evil 道德上的，与道德有关的 adj.31. prior to=before=previous在前面32. repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复 n.33. genetic=relating to genes
47、or genetics基因的，遗传学的 adj.34. sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲 v.35. victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者 n.36. forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造 v.37. persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服 v.38. surrender=give in 投降，放弃 v.39. extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的
