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1、,水调歌头,1.了解作者作品，熟读并背诵课文。2.领悟词中的写作手法，体会思想感情。3.体会词的意境，感受“月亮”所寄寓的内涵。,学习目标,【苏轼】字子瞻，号“东坡居士”，是北宋文学家、书画家、唐宋八大家之一。著有东坡七集东坡乐府等。,走近作者,他的词气势磅礴，风格豪放，一改词的婉约，与南宋辛弃疾并称“苏辛”，共为豪放派词人；与苏洵、苏辙并称“三苏”，对后代很有影响。曾在朝为官，后因反对王安石变法而被贬官。,写此词之时，他仕途失意，心情抑郁。这时他的弟弟苏辙正在济南任职，兄弟俩已有七年多没见面了。这年中秋赏月，作者欢饮达旦，在醉意朦胧之中写下这首词。,写作背景,丙辰中秋，欢饮达旦，大醉，作此篇
2、，兼怀子由。 明月/几时/有？把酒/问/青天。不知/天上/宫阙，今夕/是/何年。我欲/乘风/归去，又恐/琼楼/玉宇，高处/不胜/寒。起舞/弄/清影，何似/在/人间。,qu,朗读诗歌，读准字音、节奏，读出感情。,整体感知,转/朱阁，低/绮户，照/无眠。不应有恨，何事/长向/别时圆？人有/悲欢离合，月有/阴晴圆缺，此事/古/难全。但愿/人/长久，千里/共/婵娟。,zhun,q,min,chn,作者此时在密州任太守。政治上失意，与弟弟苏辙也已七年没有见面。中秋对月，怎能不思绪万千呢?,结合注释，疏通课文大意。,端起酒杯遥问青天，不知道月中宫殿，今晚该是多好的日子啊。我本想驾着长风回到天宫去，又恐怕经
3、不起那月中宫殿的清寒。那么，就让我在人间的月光下翩翩起舞吧，那清朗的影子也随着人在舞动，此情此景，什么地方能比得上人世间呢？,月亮转过朱红色的楼阁，低低地挂在雕花窗户上，照着那没有睡意的人。月亮啊，你跟人们该没有什么怨恨吧？为什么总是在人们离别的时候才又亮又圆呢！人世间有悲欢离合，月亮也有阴晴圆缺，这样的事从古以来就是难以十全十美的。只希望我们都能生活得平安长久，那么虽然相隔千里，也都能共赏这美好的月光了。,再读课文，概括上阕和下阕的内容。,上阕望月(写景)下阕怀人(抒情),细读感悟,朗读上阕，总结作者经历的心理变化：,明月几时有？把酒问青天。,不知天上宫阙，今夕是何年。,我欲乘风归去,又恐琼
4、楼玉宇，高处不胜寒。,苦闷,向往,矛盾,如何理解“高处不胜寒”？,不仅指禁不住高处的寒冷；因为朝廷中的排挤和中伤，不愿回朝廷做官，讨厌那里的党派斗争，勾心斗角；没有志同道合的朋友的孤单冷清；禁不住人世间的人情冷暖，世态炎凉等。,朗读下阕，思考“转朱阁，低绮户，照无眠”在文中有何作用？,月光转过朱红的楼阁，低低地穿过雕花的门窗，照着屋里失眠的人。,承上启下：“转朱阁，低绮户” 是呈上，“照无眠”是启下。,作者心情的变化：,人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全。但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。,不应有恨，何事长向别时圆？,责备、埋怨,开朗、豁达,这首词表现了作者怎样的人生态度？,作者在词中问天，实际是在
5、问人生，抒发对人生的感慨。,先是因对亲人的思念之情无法排遣而向青天发问:,明月几时有？不应有很，何事长向别时圆？,进而释然，语气愈加旷达，感情也进一步升华为对天下之人的美好祝愿:,表现了作者旷达的胸怀和乐观的情致,明月、酒、青天、“我”、风、清影、朱阁、绮户,写法探究,实景：,虚景：,联想：,想象：,宫阙（琼楼玉宇）,明月（月圆）团圆（人圆）,明月宫阙琼楼玉宇,豁达通脱,望月(写景)借明月自喻清高,怀人(抒情)用圆月衬托别离苦闷,情景交融借景抒情,上阕,下阕,板书设计,1.背诵并默写这首词。2.你还知道哪些苏轼的诗词？,随堂练习,惠崇春江晚景（其一）竹外桃花三两枝，春江水暖鸭先知。蒌蒿满地芦芽
6、短，正是河豚欲上时。,念奴娇赤壁怀古大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。故垒西边，人道是，三国周郎赤壁。乱石穿空，惊涛拍岸，卷起千堆雪。江山如画，一时多少豪杰！ 遥想公瑾当年，小乔初嫁了，雄姿英发。羽扇纶巾，谈笑间，强虏灰飞烟灭。故国神游，多情应笑我，早生华发。人生如梦，一尊还酹江月。,第5课时岳阳楼记,范仲淹,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
7、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
8、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,王勃滕王阁序“落霞与孤鹜齐飞，秋水共长天一色”令人神往之至；崔灏黄鹤楼“晴川历历汉阳树，芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲”让人回味无穷；而岳阳楼上，范仲淹“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”传唱不衰，岳阳楼记更是成为了写景状物抒情的名篇。,新课导入,1.了解作者及写作背景；理解并积累文言词汇，正确翻译全文，把
9、握文章主题。（重点）2.学习本文叙事、写景、议论、抒情相结合以及情景交融的写作方法。（难点）3.感受作者宽广的胸襟和远大的政治抱负；培养吃苦在前、享乐在后的思想品德。（重点）,学习目标,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
10、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
11、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,范仲淹（9891052），字希文，谥号文正，世称“范文正公”，苏州吴县（今江苏苏州）人，北宋政治家、文学家。他为政清廉、体恤民情，力举改革，刚正不阿，并且工于诗词散文，所作的文章富有政论性，文辞优美，气度豁达。有范文正公集传世。,作者简介,本文选自范仲淹全集（凤凰出版社2004年版），是范仲淹被罢去参知政事而贬官河南邓州时，应好友滕子京之请而写的。滕子京与范仲淹同为大上祥符进士，因遭诬陷而被贬谪到岳州做太守。滕
12、子京重修岳阳楼，在行将落成时函请范仲淹作记，并送去一幅洞庭晚秋图。范仲淹依据此图，凭着丰富的想象，写下了这篇抒己胸襟、规劝朋友的千古名篇岳阳楼记。,背景材料,谪守（ ） 朝晖夕阴（ ） 迁客骚人（ ）淫雨（ ） 霏霏（ ） 薄暮冥冥（ ）潜形（ ） 岸芷（ ） 汀兰（ ）皓月（ ） 宠辱偕忘（ ） 心旷神怡（ ）浩浩汤汤（ ） 樯倾楫摧（ ）,重点字注音,zh,hu,so,yn,fi,mn,qin,zh,tn,ho,xi,y,shn,qin,j,百废具兴（ ）,通“俱”，全，皆。,属予作文以记之（ ）,通“嘱”，嘱咐。,知识梳理,微斯人（ ）越明年（ ）至若春和景明（ ）予观夫巴陵胜状（ ）沙
13、鸥翔集（ ）,古义：没有 今义：微小,古义：及，到 今义：跨过，跳过,古义：日光 今义：景致，风景,古义：指示代词，那 今义：丈夫,古义：鸟停息在树上 今义：泛指聚集,而或长烟一空（ ）或异二者之为（ ）,副词，有时、偶尔,副词，或许，也许,属予作文以记之（ ）不以物喜，不以己悲（ ）,连词，来,介词，因为,予观夫巴陵胜状（ ）此则岳阳楼之大观也（ ）,动词，看,名词，景象,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
14、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
15、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,此乐何极（ ）南极潇湘（ ）,动词，穷尽,然则何时而乐耶（ ）此则岳阳楼之大观也（ ）居庙堂之高则忧其民（ ）,动词，尽,连词，那么,判断动词，是,连词，就,百废具兴（ ）先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐（ ）刻唐贤今人诗赋
16、于其上（ ）或异二者之为（ ）,形容词作名词，荒废了的事业,名词作状语，,在之前，在之后,形容词作名词，贤明之人,动词作名词，指心理活动,判断句：此则岳阳楼之大观也（“也”，表判断）倒装句：刻唐贤今人诗赋于其上（状语后置，应为“于其上刻唐贤今人诗赋”）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
17、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路
18、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,倒装句：吾谁与归（宾语前置，应为“吾与谁归”）省略句：属予作文以记之（省略了主语“滕子京”）,庆历四年春，滕子京谪守巴陵郡。越明年，政通人和，百废具兴。乃重修岳阳楼，增其旧制，刻唐贤今人诗赋于其上。属予作文以记之。,1044年。庆历，宋仁宗赵祯的年号。,封建王朝官吏降职或远调。,做州郡的长官。,到了第二年，就是庆历五年（1045）。,政事顺利，
19、百姓和乐。这是赞美滕子京的话。,同“俱”，全，皆。,于是，就。,增加，扩充。,同“嘱”，嘱托。,走进课文,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
20、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状
21、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,予观夫巴陵胜状，在洞庭一湖。衔远山，吞长江，浩浩汤汤，横无际涯，朝晖夕阴，气象万千，此则岳阳楼之大观也，前人之述备矣。然则北通巫峡，南极潇湘，迁客骚人，多会于此，览物之情，得无异乎？,胜景，好景色。,指洞庭湖包围着远处的群山。,宽阔无边。横，广远。际涯，边。,或早或晚（一天里）阴晴多变化。晖，日光。,雄伟景象。,完全，详尽。,虽然如此，那么。,极，尽，这里有远通的意思。,谪迁的人，指降职远调的人。,诗人。战国时屈原作离骚，因此后人也称诗人为骚人。,古代汉语中常见的一种句式，表示推测的语气，
22、意思是“可能吧”。,若夫淫雨霏霏，连月不开，阴风怒号，浊浪排空，日星隐曜，山岳潜形，商旅不行，樯倾楫摧，薄暮冥冥，虎啸猿啼。登斯楼也，则有去国怀乡，忧谗畏讥，满目萧然，感极而悲者矣。,连绵的雨。,雨（或雪）繁密的样子。,连续一个月不放晴，极言雨多。开，天气放晴。,冲向天空。,光辉。,没于水，引申为隐藏，隐没。,桅杆倒下，船桨折断。,迫近。,这，这个。,指国都，京城。,担心，担忧。,说坏话。,萧条冷落的样子。,至若春和景明，波澜不惊，上下天光，一碧万顷，沙鸥翔集，锦鳞游泳，岸芷汀兰，郁郁青青。而或长烟一空，皓月千里，浮光跃金，静影沉璧，渔歌互答，此乐何极！登斯楼也，则有心旷神怡，宠辱偕忘，把酒临
23、风，其喜洋洋者矣。,至于， 又如。,日光。,湖面平静，没有惊涛骇浪。惊，这里有起、动的意思。,极言其广。,时而飞翔，时而停歇。集，鸟停息在树上。,美丽的鱼。鳞，代鱼。,岸上与小洲上的花草。芷，香草的一种。,形容草木茂盛。,有时。,全。,浮动的光闪着金色。这是描写月光照耀下的水波。,静静的月影像沉入水中的玉璧。这是写无风时水中的月影。璧，圆形的玉。,哪有穷尽。,心情舒畅，精神愉悦。,光荣和屈辱一并忘了。宠，荣耀。偕，一起。,端、执。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
24、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
25、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,嗟夫！予尝求古仁人之心，或异二者之为，何哉？不以物喜，不以己悲，居庙堂之高则忧其民，处江湖之远则忧其君。是进亦忧，退亦忧。然则何时而乐耶？其必曰“先天下之忧而忧，后
26、天下之乐而乐”乎！噫！微斯人，吾谁与归？时六年九月十五日。,探求。,古时品德高尚的人。,或许不同于（以上）两种心情。,因为。,指朝廷。,处在僻远的江湖间，意思是不在朝廷上做官。,这样。,语气词，表示猜测语气。,在之前。,在之后。,没有。,就是“与谁归”。归，归依。,有感情地朗读课文，说说课文可以分为几个部分？每部分分别写了什么？,第一部分（1）,第二部分（2-4）,第三部分（5）,写重修岳阳楼的背景及写作缘由。,写迁客骚人览物而生的两种感情。,抒写宽广胸怀和政治抱负。,1.第1段交代了重修岳阳楼的背景，这背景是什么？说明了什么？,“政通人和，百废具兴”,说明滕子京在谪守的逆境中，仍不以己悲，把
27、政事治理得井井有条。由此可见作者欣赏他的旷达胸襟，与一般的“迁客”不同。,背景,【第一部分（1）】,2.“滕子京谪守巴陵郡”中的“谪”字有何妙处？,“谪”字不仅交代了滕子京的身份，而且暗含作者对仕途沉浮的悲慨，为后文抒情张本。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
28、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
29、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.第1段反映了作者怎样的政治态度？,范仲淹一方面对好友的政绩表示赞赏，一方面对“重修岳阳楼”的盛举表示支持。这反映了作者一种积极的政治态度，即使受到不公正的对待，也要奋发有为而不是消沉下去。,1.体会“衔远山，吞长江”中的“衔”和“吞”的妙处。,【第二部分（2-4）】,用拟人手法，把洞庭湖这一无生命之物写得极具生命感，写出了山在湖中、湖蓄江水的壮阔景象，活灵活现地表现
30、了“远山”“长江”跟洞庭湖的关系，突出了洞庭湖的气势。如果用“连”“接”来替换，只是客观地说明三者的相对位置，画面是静止的，效果没有这样好。,2.从岳阳楼上看到的雄伟景象有哪些？,气势非凡：宽阔无边：湖光山色：,3.“览物之情，得无异乎”一句在结构上的作用是什么？其中的“异”又指的是什么内容？,承上启下，引出下文的写景抒情。“异”指自然景物引发的“迁客骚人”的不同感触，即“悲”与“喜”的两种不同心境。这里由单纯写景转到了以情景交融的笔法来写“览物之情”。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
31、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
32、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,4.第3段画面描写渲染了一种什么样的气氛，为什么会有这样的心情？第4段呢？有何作用？,第3段,第4段,极力渲染“悲”的气氛，因物而悲。,极力
33、渲染“喜”的气氛，因物而喜。,一悲一喜，一暗一明，形成鲜明对比，表现作者所反对的以个人荣辱为转移的悲喜观。,5.品读2-4段，说说“迁客骚人”的两种“览物之情”是什么？他们为什么会有不同的心境？,（1）览物之情有两种：一是远离京城，怀念家乡，担心遭诽谤和指责的悲伤；二是胸怀开阔，精神愉悦，荣辱偕忘的喜悦。本来就已经饱经人生忧患的“迁客骚人”触目伤怀，引发“感极而悲”之情。,（2）产生不同的心境的原因：他们是因外物的好坏和自己的得失而产生或喜或悲的感情。 （3）这样写是为了将这类人的悲喜之情与“古仁人之心”作对比，引出下文，由写景抒情自然转入议论，突出全文主旨。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
34、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才
35、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.作者以“嗟夫”提起下文，笔锋
36、突转，提出了一个“古仁人之心”来，这样写有什么作用？作者认为“古仁人”和“迁客骚人”的思想感情不同在哪里？,【第三部分（5）】,第5段对前两段所写的两种“览物之情”一概加以否定，表现了一种更高的思想境界，点明了文章的主旨。“迁客骚人”的思想感情往往因个人遭遇或外物的触发而发生变化；“古仁人”则“不以物喜，不以己悲”。,2.既然“古仁人”的悲喜感情跟外物没有关系，跟个人遭遇也没有关系，那么跟什么有关系呢？,“古仁人”的悲喜感情与个人进退、外物好坏是完全没有关系的，唯一能够影响他们悲喜感情的是民生疾苦、国家兴亡。,3.“微斯人，吾谁与归”流露了作者什么样的感情？,首先作者表达了对滕子京的劝勉之意，
37、希望他也能像古仁人一样“不以物喜，不以己悲”，其次也含蓄地表达了自己“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的济世情怀和政治抱负。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
38、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成
39、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,岳阳楼记,叙事：写景：抒情： 议论：,重修岳阳楼作文以记,不以物喜不以己悲,暗 明,悲 喜,先天下之忧而忧后天下之乐而乐,结构脉络,本文通过对岳阳楼周围景物的描写，以及对迁客骚人登楼后产生的不同情感的分析，表达了作者“不以物喜，不以己悲”的旷达胸襟和“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的政治抱负，借以劝勉滕子京。,主旨归纳,1.怎样理解“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”这句话？,范仲淹两岁丧父，生活贫苦，却少有大志，刻苦读书。常自诵曰：“士当先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐
40、”。“先忧后乐”的思想，究其渊源，即儒家的仁爱思想。孟子曾说：“乐以天下，忧以天下，然而不王者，未之有也。”,疑难突破,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
41、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,
42、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,范仲淹把“乐以天下，忧以天下”的思想进一步发展为“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”，也就是要超越个人忧乐，以天下为己任，以利民为宗旨，补救时弊，积极进取。范仲淹在其从政生涯中，始终践行了这一信念。,2.本文叙事、写景、议论、抒情相结合的写法有什么作用？,本文内容充实，情感丰富，将叙事、写景、议论、抒情自然结合起来，既有对事情本末的年代，又有对湖光水色的描写；既有精警深刻的议论，又有悲伤惆怅的抒情。记楼，记事，更寄托自己的心志。,作者善于以简驭繁，巧妙地转换内容和写法。如以“前
43、人之述备矣”一语带过无数叙述，以“然则”一语引出“览物之情”，以“或异二者之为”展开议论话题等，千回百转，层层推进。,宁鸣而死，不默而生 范仲淹自幼多病，后又患了肺病，不久，妻子李氏也病死在饶州。在附近做县令的诗友梅尧臣，寄了一首灵乌赋给他，并告诉他说，他在朝中屡次直言，都被当作乌鸦不祥的叫声，昔日愿他拴紧舌头，锁住嘴巴，除了吃喝之外，只管翱翔高飞。范仲淹立即回答了一首灵乌赋，禀复说，不管人们怎样厌恶乌鸦的哑哑之声，他却宁鸣而死，不默而生。,拓展延伸,课堂小练,1.解释下列加线词语的含义。（1）极南极潇湘 感极而悲者矣（2）观予观夫巴陵胜状 此则岳阳楼之大观也（3）或而或长烟一空 或异二者之为,答案：（1）至、到达 达到极点（2）观看，观赏 景象（3）有时 或许、也许，表示委婉的语气,2.岳阳楼风景管理处拟在门票上印制“岳阳楼简介”，请你根据文章内容代写一段说明性的文字，使游客对岳阳楼有大体的了解。答：,答案示例：岳阳楼位于湖南岳阳，是我国著名的风景名胜之一。登上此楼，可以观赏洞庭湖的壮美景象。古代很多文人墨客都曾登临抒怀，留下了许多名篇佳作。宋代文学家范仲淹曾写下千古绝唱岳阳楼记，岳阳楼因此闻名天下。,
