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1、,中考英语复习主动语态和被动语态,2022/11/6,1,中考英语复习2022/9/261,英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态(the Passive Voice),What is it?,A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。,B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,We planted the tree.,The tree was planted by us.,2022/11/6,2,英语动词有两种语态：What is it?A. 主动,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,
2、谓语,宾语,主动语态,被动语态,2022/11/6,3,We speak Engl,当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。,We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。,Many students study English.(主动语态) English is studied by many students.(被动语态),2022/11/6
3、,4,当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voi,When to use it?,1. 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。,2. 当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的执行者。,这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的) 。,这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。 （强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现）,The dictionary is well kept.,These book were found in the 1920s.,2022/11/6,5,When to use it? 1. 当我们不知道谁是动作的,被动语态的用法:,A note was
4、 passed up to the speaker.,1.强调动作的承受者;,如:Table tennis is played all over China. English is spoken by many people.,2.不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执 行者难以说出或不必说出.,如:Another bridge has been built across the Changjiang River. The Party was founded on July 6,1924.,2022/11/6,6,被动语态的用法:A note was passed up t,The Structur
5、e is,助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 (be+P.P.),2022/11/6,7,The Structure is助动词be+及物动词的过,一般现在时： am / is / are done一般过去时： was / were done现在进行时： am / is / are being done过去进行时： was / were being done现在完成时： have / has been done过去完成时： had been done一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / mus
6、t / have tobe done,He is regarded as a brilliant. 他被认为很有才气。,This book was written in 1969. 这本书是1969年写成的。,The broken bike is being repaired now. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。,He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。,The pen has been used for several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。,He said the fa
7、ctory had been opened . 他说这家工厂已经开张。,The work will be finished in three hours. 工作将于三小时后完成。,The baby must be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。,2022/11/6,8,一般现在时： am / is / are doneHe is,被动语态的结构：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。如: The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of woo
8、d. He is asked a question by the teacher. I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday.,2022/11/6,9,被动语态的结构：2022/9/269,在改写中应注意：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be + 过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。,典型题例例1 将下列句子改为被动语态。 We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.,2022/11/6
9、,10,在改写中应注意：典型题例例1 将下列句子改为被动语态。,主变被解题步骤:,1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者,They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,2. 判断宾语的单复数 -即be动词的单复数.,arewere,3. 判断动词的时态 -即be动词的时态.,4. 修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词,made,5. 修改原句的主语 -即by+ 主语.,by them.,2022/11/6,11,主变被解题步骤:1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者They,Tom broke the window.The window was broken by Tom.
10、,Tom broke the windows.The windows were broken by Tom.,He broke the windows.The windows were broken by him.,2022/11/6,12,Tom broke the window. Tom,一般现在时的被动语态：,am/are/is + 过去分词,People play football all over the world.2. Mr. Green teaches us this term.,Football all over the world .,We this term.,is pl
11、ayed,by people,are taught (by Mr. Green),2022/11/6,13,一般现在时的被动语态：am/are/is + 过去分词 Pe,一般过去时的被动语态：,was/were + 过去分词,4. People built the Great Wall long ago.5. Two years ago we used the machinesto make shoes for children.,The Great Wall long ago.,Two years ago those machines shoes for children.,was buil
12、t (by people),were used (by us) to make,2022/11/6,14,一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + 过去分词4. P,一般将来时的被动语态：,will / be going to + be + 过去分词,6. We will write a diary next class.7. Tom is going to hold a birthday party.,A diary next class.,A birthday party .,will be written (by us),is going to held by Tom,2022/11/
13、6,15,一般将来时的被动语态：will / be going to,情态动词的被动语态：,must/have to/can等 + be + 过去分词,8. You must throw the broken pottery away at once.9. We have to finish our homework on time.,The broken pottery at once.,Our homework .,must be thrown away (by you),has to be finished (by us) on time,2022/11/6,16,情态动词的被动语态：m
14、ust/have to/can等 +,He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.,The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.,2022/11/6,17,He rides the motorbike to his,We call the snowman Mr Strong.,The snowman is called Mr Strong.,2022/11/6,18,We call the snowman Mr St,We usually hear him play in the next
15、 room.,He is usually heard to play in the next room.,2022/11/6,19,We usually hear him play in th,2. They bought ten computers last term,Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词,2022/11/6,20,2. They bought ten compu,He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.,His friend wa
16、s bought some fruits yesterday.,Some fruits were bought for his friend yesterday.,2022/11/6,21,He bought his friend some fru,4Aby can take good care of Tina ,Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.情态动词：S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词,2022/11/6,22,4Aby can take good care of T,He can carry the basket
17、easily.,The basket can be easily carried by him.,2022/11/6,23,He can carry the basket easily,They can sing some beautiful songs.,Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.,2022/11/6,24,They can sing some beautiful s,“We must put them in the fridge.”The dogs thought .,“They must be put in the fridge.”
18、The dogs thought.,2022/11/6,25,“We must put them in the fridg,3.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般将来时：S+ will+be+过去分词,2022/11/6,26,3.They will finish the work in,They are going to have an evening party tomorrow.,An evening party is going to be ha
19、d tomorrow.,2022/11/6,27,They are going to have an even,Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词,2022/11/6,28,2022/9/2628,They are holding a sports meeting now.,A sports meeting is being held (by them) now.,2022/11/6,29
20、,They are holding a sports meet,We have made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词,2022/11/6,30,We have made twenty more ke,Workers have built the house since two years ago.,The house has been built since two years ago.,2022/11/6,31,Workers have built
21、the house s,We had received many letters by the end of last week.,Many letters had been received by the end of last week.,2022/11/6,32,We had received many letters b,They would have a party the next day.,A party would be had (by them) the next day.,2022/11/6,33,They would have a party the n,1.People
22、 use knives for cutting things. Knives_ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,are used,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,七嘴八舌,2022/11/6,34,1.People use knives for cuttin,3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on t
23、he floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,3. We found the ticket on the floor .,2022/11/6,35,3.I found the ticket on the fl,5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use c
24、omputers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,2022/11/6,36,5. His doctor made him have on,7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?,Were many trees planted,Must be fini
25、shed,2022/11/6,37,7. Did you plant many trees,9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,2022/11/6,38,9. The foreign friends gave us,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to t
26、urn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is done,2022/11/6,39,10.The teacher asked Tom to tu,12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine
27、 _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended,must be,taken,2022/11/6,40,12.He can mend the bike in two,14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?,is studied,Is,talked,by them,2022/11/6,
28、41,14.The students in this school,Answer right or wrong,1.必须照看好孩子们。 The children must be taken good care .( ) The children must be taken good care of .( )2.这本书是鲁迅写的。 This book was wrote by Lu Xun.( ) This book was written by Lu Xun.( )3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。 That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( ) That
29、pencil was given to me by him yesterday.( ),W,R,W,R,W,R,2022/11/6,42,Answer right or wrongWRWRWR20,4.这辆自行车能修吗？ Can this bike mended?( ) Can this bike be mended?( )5.街道已由他们清理了。 The street has been cleaned by they.( ) The street has been cleaned by them.( ),W,R,W,R,2022/11/6,43,4.这辆自行车能修吗？WRWR2022/9/2
30、643,They made shoes in that factory.They will make shoes in that factory.They would make shoes in that factory.They can make shoes in that factory.They have made shoes in that factory.They had made shoes in that factory.They are making shoes in that factory.They were making shoes in that factory.,20
31、22/11/6,44,They made shoes in that fact,四几种值得注意的被动语态变化,带复合宾语的被动语态结构,（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.,Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.,Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.,watch let have hear see notice,2022/11/6,45,四几种值得注意的被动语态变化带复合宾语的被动语态结构,一些特殊结构的被动结构: （1）感觉动词(he
32、ar, see等)改被动语态（2）使役动词(let, make等)改被动语态,如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to” 。如： I saw him fall off the tree. He was seen to fall off the tree.,2022/11/6,46,一些特殊结构的被动结构: 如动词为 make, see,思 考 2：,12I usually hear her sing English songs in the morning.She in the morning.,is usual
33、ly heard to sing English songs,2022/11/6,47,思 考 2：12I usually hear her,14. He makes her horse work all day. Her horse all day.15. My father let me go out for a picnic. I out for a picnic.,is made to work,was let to go,口诀：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（hear, let，have, make, see, watch),2022/11/6,48,14.
34、 He makes her horse work al,help sb (to) V be helped to V. He helped the old man (to) clean the room. The old man was helped to clean the room.,2022/11/6,49,2022/9/2649,(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.,I saw him playing football at that moment.,He was seen playing football at that momen
35、t.,hear / watch /.,2022/11/6,50,(2) see sb. doing sth.,三. 带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,直接或 间接宾语都可做主语,注意间接宾语前加 to或for.My mother bought me a new bike. =I was bought a new bike by my mother. =A new bike was bought for me by my mother.Jack has given Tom a book. =A book has been given to Tom by Jack. =Tom has been g
36、iven a book by Jack.,2022/11/6,51,三. 带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,直接或 间接宾语都,带有双宾语（宾语既有人又有物）的被动结构是: 1. 将间接宾语(人)变为主语，直接宾语(物)不变。2. 将直接宾语(物)变为主语，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.,2022/11/6,52,带有双宾语（宾语既有人又有物）的被动结构是: 2022/9/,Bob sent Kate a letter last year.,=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.,=A letter was sent to Kate by B
37、ob last year.,tell ask bring write give send show teach pass lend,to,He told Jim a story.,2022/11/6,53,Bob sent Kate a letter last ye,Mum made me a new dress.,I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.,make buy draw sing,for,I bought my brother a book.,2022/11/6,54,Mum made me
38、 a new dress.I was,思考1：将下列的主动句变为被动语态：,We gave him some books.He .Some books .,was given some books (by us),were given to him (by us),2022/11/6,55,思考1：将下列的主动句变为被动语态： We gave,注意:,约翰打开了收音机。,John turned on the radio.,The radio was turned on.,奶奶照看我姐姐。,Grandma takes care of my sister.,My sister is taken c
39、are of by Grandma.,注：动词短语变被动语态时,千万不要遗漏介词或副词。,We must speak to old people politely.,Old people must be spoken to politely.,2022/11/6,56,注意:约翰打开了收音机。John turned on the,必背！,动词短语的被动语态,take care of be taken care of,cut down be cut down,laugh at be laughed at,look after be looked after,2022/11/6,57,必背！动词短
40、语的被动语态take care of be,They said that he would come back soon.,It was said that he would come back soon.,类似的还有：It is reported / believed / hoped / supposed that .,We report,2022/11/6,58,They said that he would come b,1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。,如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fal
41、l, die, arrive, ,break out, appear, last, start等。,* Great changes have taken place in this city.,* That bike doesnt belong to Mike.,不用被动语态的几种情况：,2022/11/6,59,1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。如：belong, happ,不用被动语态的几种情况：,2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态,have / fit,I have a TV set.,The coat fits me well.,【正】Look at the blackboard，pl
42、ease 【误】The blackboard is looked at by you,3)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态,2022/11/6,60,不用被动语态的几种情况：2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态,不用被动语态的几种情况：,4.系动词没有被动语态和进行时态,这鱼味道很好。,这条围巾摸上去很软。,The fish tastes good.,The scarf feels soft.,2022/11/6,61,不用被动语态的几种情况：4.系动词没有被动语态和进行时态这鱼,5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如： 【正】You must look after yourself
43、【误】Yourself must be looked after,4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。,这书很好卖。,这种布很好洗。,The book sells well.,This kind of cloth washes very well.,这书卖完了。,The book is sold out.,2022/11/6,62,5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如： 4.某些,这块表需要修理一下。,The watch needs mending .,=The watch needs to be mended.,=We need to mend the watch.,202
44、2/11/6,63,这块表需要修理一下。The watch needs men,知 识 运 用,一、单项选择：1. Only thirty-eight ideas by the newspaper. A. choose B. chose C. was chosen D. were chosen 2. As usual, Meihua at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get ready for school.（2006） A. has woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. was woken up,D,D,2022/11
45、/6,64,知 识 运 用一、单项选择：DD2022/9/2664,3. A neighbour helped to keep our dog. It while we were on holiday. (2005) A. was taken care B. took care of C. is taken care of D. was taken care of4. At the end of the meeting Miss Green two minutes to decide whether she should join the project or not. (2004) A. g
46、ave B. had given C. was given D. was giving,D,B,2022/11/6,65,3. A neighbour helped to keep,5. Mr. Johnsons story by everyone who heard it.(2003) A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at,D,2022/11/6,66,5. Mr. Johnsons story,二、请把下面句子改为被动语态,1. They showed Jack carefully how to use it.
47、Jack carefully how to use it. 2.Beijing will hold the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.The 29th Olympic Games in 2008.,was showed,will be held by Beijing,2022/11/6,67,二、请把下面句子改为被动语态1. They showed,3. Miss Deng teaches us English. . .4. They saw the boy playing basketball at 3:00 yesterday.The boy_ at 3:00
48、yesterday.,We are taught English by Miss Deng,was seen to play basketball,English is taught to us by Miss Deng,2022/11/6,68,3. Miss Deng teaches us Englis,5. We should make our country become more and more beautiful. Our country more and more beautiful.,should be made to become,2022/11/6,69,5. We sh
49、ould make our country,练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。,The computer club held a writing competition(竞赛）.The fastest player finished the game in eight hours .We took many photos.They use this room for playing table tennis.The bank built a park for them.,A writing competition was held by the computer club.,The gam
50、e was finished by the fastest player in eight hours .,Many photos were taken by us.,A park was built for them by the bank.,This room is used for playing table tennis by them.,2022/11/6,70,练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。The compute,中考被动语态考题1.The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty thing into it.(南京市中考题） A
