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1、Passive Voice被动语态,Passive Voice被动语态,英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态1. 主动句：主语（施动者）+谓动+宾语（受动者） 被动句：主语（受动者）+be 谓动过分+ by+施动者2. 被动语态的谓语： be动词+ p.p.(过分词）e.g.The school was built last year.学校是去年修的3. 主动句和被动句的转换方法：1）.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2）.把动词变成“be + 过去分词”;3）.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。e.g. They cleaned the room. 主动句 The room was
2、 cleaned by them. 被动句 * 若施动者不重要，by+施动者口语中常省略。 3. 被动语态有各种时态：,英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态,基本形式：be+ done (以do为例）1. 一般现在时：am/is/are + done 2.一般过去时：was/were + done3. 一般将来时：(shall/will/be going to) be+ done4.现在完成时： have/has been + done5. 情态动词： can等 + be + donee.g. The room is often cleaned .房间要经常打扫。 The books wer
3、e stolen yesterday. 书昨天被偷了。 You will be punished by math teacher tomorrow. 你明天要被数学老师惩罚了。 My homework have been finished. 我的作业已经做完了 Your clothes should be washed. 你的衣服该洗了。 （以上句子中都省略了by+ 施动者）*可见，被动句的各种时态只变be动词的时态就行，过去分词始终不变。,基本形式：be+ done (以do为例）,表格：被动态基本结构,am/is/are done,was/were done,am/is/are being
4、 done,was/were being done,(shall/will/be going to) be done,would be done,have/has been done,had been done,表格：被动态基本结构am/is/are donewas/we,情态动词的被动语态,情态动词+ be + donemust be done/mustnt be doneshould be done/ shouldnt be donecan be done/ cant be donemay be done/ might be done,情态动词的被动语态情态动词+ be + done,Or
5、al practice-主动句改被动句,Oral practice-1. Change each sentence into passive voice:A car knocked him down yesterday.These two kids plant trees every year3)We should protect the earth4)Well put on the play next Sunday,He was knocked down by a car yesterday,Trees are planted by these two kids every year.,Th
6、e earth should be protected by us.,The play will be put on next Sunday.,Oral practice-主动句改被动句 Oral pra,补充作业：一. 翻译（用被动语态译，注意时态）： 1. 我的红钢笔被他偷了。2. 他的钱已经被用完了。3. 这辆自行车经常修。 4. 这个房间能使用。5.这个房子将被卖掉。二. 把下列句子变为被动句。 1. I watered the flowers. 2. She bought a jacket. 3. He often washes his clothes. 4. Im gong to
7、visit my mother. 5. They can play basketball. 6. We should take care of the old people 三. 把下列句子变为疑问句并回答，再变为否定句. 这种变化与以前学的一样：有be变be动词，有其他助动词则变助动词，有情态动词则变情态动词1. The bag was taken by him. 2. The food should be eaten. 3. My work has been done.,补充作业：,一.1. My pen was stolen by him. 2. His money has been r
8、un out.3. The bike is often repaired. 4. The room can be used.5. The house will be sold.二. 1. The flowers were watered by me. 2. A jacket was bought by her. 3. His clothes are often washed by him. 4. My mother is gong to be visited by me. 5. Basketball can be played by him.三. 1.Was the bag taken by
9、him ? Yes, it is/ No, it isnt. The bag wasnt taken by him. 2. Should the food be eaten ? Yes, it should/ No, it shouldnt 3. Has the work been done ? Yes, it has./ No, it hasnt.,一.1. My pen was stolen by him.,一.生活中不是每个句子都需要用被动语态表示。像“Basketball was played by him ”虽然语法是对的，但意思很别扭。所以生活中用主动句用的还是多一些。 什么时候用
10、被动句呢？ * 一般是没必要说出施动者，或不知道施动者是谁，或为了强调受动者，才采用被动语态。 如. 他的钱包被偷了； 我的作业完成了；水卖完了，杭州出产茶叶；英语在全世界广泛使用等 。 e.g. Tea is produced in Hangzhou. English is spoken widely in the world.二. 注意：汉语中这些字也常表示“被动：为，给， 叫，让，遭等，但它们多数时候作动词，所以要仔细分析，根据主语和谓语动的关系来判断是主动还是被动。e.g. 他给我一本书(give). 你的记性给狗吃了( was eaten) 你叫他吃饭（ask). 你的书包叫他拿了（
11、was taken) 他为你买单。(for you). 他为情所困（ is troubled） 你让她进来（let). 你让他骗了。（was fooled) 他遭遇车祸了（happen) . 他遭他爸打了（ was hit) 三. 汉语是主动句，但为了强调，也可以翻译成被动句。 e.g. 我捡的这个钱包。The wallet was picked by me.,一.生活中不是每个句子都需要用被动语态表示。像“Basket,常用的被动语态短语：1. be made of : 由.制作成的 The desk is made of wood. 桌子是木头做的。( 成品看得见原材料）2. be mad
12、e from：由.制作成的Bread is made from wheat. 面包是小麦做的. (成品看不见原材料）3. be made in ：The clothes are made in China. 衣服是中国造的4. be used to do = be used for doing 被用来做. 如 Steel is used to build house.=Steel is used for building house. 5. be used by.被某人使用 . The room is used by him. 6. be used as. 被作为.来使用。The jacket
13、 is used as a quilt. 7. be known for=be famous for. 以.而出名/ 而众所周知 8. It is said that. 据说. 8. It is reported that.据报道. 注意：be used to doing 某人习惯于做.( 主语和后的动词是主动关系 be used to do 主语被用来做.（主语和use 是被动关系）,常用的被动语态短语：,被动语态的特殊用法： 1.感官动词see,watch,hear,notice,feel, listen to, look at和使役动词make, let, have等作宾语补语的都是原型
14、；但改成被动语态后必须带to。 e.g. make sb. do(原型） sth. 使某人做某事 see sb. do(原型） sth. 看见某人做某事 1). I heard him sing just now. -He was heard to sing just now by me. 2). we make them go home. -They are made to go home by us.作业：变成被动语态 1. I often see you wash your clothes. 2. He found somebody cry next to the room. 3. Th
15、e teacher let them dance. 4. I made the little boy sleep.,被动语态的特殊用法：,二. require和need等用ing形式表被动。 e.g. The room needs cleaning Your face requires washing. 也可以用不定式的被动形式。 The room needs to be cleaned. Your face requires to be washed.,二. require和need等用ing形式表被动。,以下动词是没有被动语态的。1. 系动词表状态，没有被动语态：be, become变成，
16、成为, turn变得,get变得,sound听起来, look看起来, feel摸起来,smell闻起来等。 e.g. The clothes feel well. The music sound boring. The room gets dirty.2. 表状态的动词没有被动语态keep, stay, 等 e.g. The classroom should keep quiet.3. 不及物动词没有被动语态。 happen发生，take place发生，appear出现， begin开始 ， last 持续，end 结束.open, close 等 e.g. The meeting has
17、 begun. Something happened yesterday. The shop will open at seven oclock.,以下动词是没有被动语态的。,Quiz 1,Quiz 11. The steel _ cold A. is felt B. was feeling C. feels D. is being felt2. His plan _ good A. has sounded B. is sounding C. is sounded D. sounds,C,D,Quiz 1 Quiz 1CD,Quiz 2,Quiz 2The shop _ at 6 am. ev
18、ery day A. opens B. opened C. is opened D. is openingWork _ at 7 pm. today A. ends B. ended C. was ended D. had ended,A,B,Quiz 2Quiz 2AB,The pen _ smoothly A. was wrote B. writes C. has writing D. is writtenThis coat _ easily A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed,Quiz 3,B,C,The pen _ sm
19、oothlyQuiz 3,Your jacket needs _(wash)The house requires _ (repair),Quiz 4,washing,repairing,Your jacket needs _(was,The fish is not fit _(eat) We find English difficult _ (learn),Quiz 5,to eat,to learn,The fish is not fit _(ea,I have much homework _ (do)Ill give the boy some books _(read),Quiz 6,to
20、 do,to read,I have much homework _ (do,Correcting mistake,2.Correct the mistake(s) in each sentence if any:1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?,was sent,will last,were hurt,Correcting mi
21、stake2.Correct th,4)A fire was broken out last night5)He had to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days before6)The large building that is now built will be a hospital,had been damaged,is now being built,broke out,4)A fire was broken out last n,7)Class is begun at 7:30 every d
22、ay8)His plan is sounded good9)Your coat needs being washed,begins,sounds,to be washed / washing,7)Class is begun at 7:30 every,1.An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next weekAare to be held B. is to be heldC. are holdingDwill hold,Multiple choice,B,1.An exhibition of paintings _,2. Im sorry,s
23、irYour recorder isnt ready yetIt _ in the factory is being repaired is repaired has been repaired hasnt been repaired,A,2. Im sorry,sirYour recorder,3Every possible means _, but none _ successfulA. has tried; has provedBtried; provesC. has been tried; provesD. is being tried; is proved,C,3Every poss
24、ible means _, b,4The question he asked is hard _ A. for answer B. to answer Cto be answered D. answering,B,4The question he asked is har,5In warm weather, fruit and meat _ long cannot be kept dont keep mustnt keep is not kept,A,5In warm weather, fruit and m,6He received a telegram _: “Mother ill” Aw
25、ritten B. reading C. said D. writing,B,6He received a telegram _:,7. -Did you hand him the letter yesterday? -No, I _ to him brought it took it had it sent carried it,C,7. -Did you hand him the lett,8Alice had a dress _ last weekAmadeB. makeC. to be madeD. to make,A,8Alice had a dress _ last,9The te
26、acher couldnt make him _ attention to because the students were so noisy. pay paid to pay to be paid,B,9The teacher couldnt make hi,10.-When will the lecture begin? -When the students _ Ahave sat Bsat down Cwill sit Dare seated,D,10.-When will the lecture beg,基本形式：be+ done (以do为例）1. 一般现在时：am/is/are
27、+ done 2.一般过去时：was/were + done3. 一般将来时：(shall/will/be going to) be+ done4.现在完成时： have/has been + done5. 情态动词： can等 + be + done,基本形式：be+ done (以do为例）,e.g. The room is often cleaned .房间要经常打扫。 The books were stolen yesterday. 书昨天被偷了。 You will be punished by math teacher tomorrow. 你明天要被数学老师惩罚了。 My homew
28、ork have been finished. 我的作业已经做完了 Your clothes should be washed. 你的衣服该了。 （以上句子中都省略了by+ 施动者）*可见，被动句的各种时态只变be动词的时态就行，过去分词始终不变。,e.g. The room is often clean,主动语态变为被动语态：1. 不能改变时态:主动句是什么时态，被动句就是什么时态；主动句有情态动词，被动句就该有情态动词 e.g. I asked you-You were asked I ask you- You are asked I ask him-He is asked I will
29、ask you-You will be asked I can ask you-You can be asked2. 不能改变句型：主动句是一般疑问句，被动句就是一般疑问句，主动句是否定句，被动句就是否定句，主动句是特殊疑问句，被动句就是特殊疑问句,主动语态变为被动语态：,He doesnt wash the clothes.- The clothes arent washed by him. I didnt give the book to you.- The book wasnt given to you by me. I shouldnt call you.- You shouldnt
30、be called by me. Do you finish your homework ?- Is your homework finished by you ? Will he watch the movie ?- Will the movie be watched by him ? When did you eat lunch ? When was lunch eaten?,He doesnt wash the clothes,感官动词的用法和使役动词一样：变为被动语态时，感官动词和使役动词后面的动词原形和ing形式前，都要加上to.1. 眼睛看到的：see, watch, notice
31、, find, look at. 2.耳朵听到的：hear, listen to3.鼻子闻到的：smell4.皮肤感到的：feel. e.g. I saw him playing basketball.被动句: . 2. He doesnt finds the girls sing every day. 被动: every day,He,was,seen,to,play,by,me,The girls,arent,found,to,sing,by,him,感官动词的用法和使役动词一样：变为被动语态时，感官动词和使役,关键题： 变为被动语态 The teacher didnt make the
32、boy stand outside.被动语态：The boy outside by the teacher.仔细观察：1.原句是否定句，再看谓语动词是使役动词make，想想它的用法再做题。2. 只变被动语态，所以过去式的时态和否定句的句式是不能变的。3. 想想not该放在什么词后，原句中是实意动词make才加的助动词did+ not, 而变为被动语态后呢？还有did吗？错，因为变为被动语态后有了be动词了，而且要不能改变过去时的时态。,wasnt,made,to,stand,关键题： 变为被动语态wasntmadetostand,练习题：把下列句子变为被动语态。 1. I often see
33、you wash your clothes. 2. He found somebody cry next to the room. 3. The teacher let them dance. 4. I made the little boy sleep. 5. We didnt notice your friends go away. 6.They pick up apples in the country.7.He doesnt hear you play the piano.8. Do you do you homework on Sunday?9. We should take car
34、e of the old people.10.Can you clean your room ?,练习题：把下列句子变为被动语态。,11. Where will you visit your mother ?12. How did he make the toy car ?,11. Where will you visit your,Answers :1. You often are seen to wash your clothes by me .2.Somebody was found to cry next to the room by him .3.They were let to d
35、ance by the teacher.4. The little boy was made to sleep by me.5. Your friends werent noticed to go away.6.Apples are picked up in the country.7. You werent heard to play the piano.8. Is your homework done on Sunday.,Answers :,9.The old people should be taken care of.10. Can your room be cleaned by y
36、ou ?11. When will your mother be visited?12.How was the toy car made by him ?,9.The old people should be tak,主动句变被动句：1. 把主动句的宾语来做被动句的主语。2. 把主语后第一个动词，就是谓语动词变为被动形式，也就是be动词+ 过去分词 He called my friend.My friend My friend was called by him.个3. 不能改变时态，不能改变句型。Did he call your friend? Was your friend called
37、by him? He didnt call my friend. My friend wasnt called by him.,主动句变被动句：,一.有使役动词和感官动词的句子中，有两个动词，第一个动词就是谓语动词，变被动语态就变它，只是后一个动词前加上to. I see him play basketball. - He is seen to play basketball. He made his father buy a bag. -His father was made to buy a bag.二. 有情态动词和助动词will的疑问句，变被动句时，特殊疑问词、情动和will还是放问句
38、前，加的be作为原形，放在主语后.不能有do/does和did这些助动词了。 Will you call him? - Will he be called by you ? When did you call him?When was he called?,一.有使役动词和感官动词的句子中，有两个动词，第一个动词就是,错误：1. I made him go home- He was gone to make He is made to go home He was made go home 2. Can you ask him? Can be he asked.3. When did you,错误：1. I made him go home,
