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1、被动语态（The Passive Voice),一、运用被动语态的情景(Situations)二、被动语态的结构与时态 (Structure and Tense)三、被动语态举例(Examples)四、主动变被动的方法(Method) （单宾、双宾、复合宾语、宾语从句）五、没有被动语态的动词和词组 (Verbs and Phrases)六、Exercises,Tom broke the window. （主动语态） The window was broken by Tom. （被动语态） ,英语的谓语动词有两种语态,主动语态,被动语态,（前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者， 后者表示句子的主语为
2、动作的承受者。）,从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语Tom在被动句中变成了短语by Tom，主动句中的宾语the window变成了被动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语，因此，只有及物动词才有被动语态。,一、运用被动语态的情景,1.被动语态结构：,be + 过去分词(PP) + (by ),2.主动变被动应注意的情况：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be + 过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。,The boy broke the glass.,The glass was broken by the boy.,3.如何从主动语态变为被动语
3、态？,1.主语 介词by 宾语2.谓语 be+pp3.宾语 主语,4.主动语态和被动语态结构对照表,注：1. 被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由第一个be动词 助动词或情态动词构成。2. 人称和时态的变化体现在be动词上，而过去分词在任何时态中都不改变。,5.被动语态举例, The Great Wall was built more than 2000 years old. A new bridge is being built across the Changjiang River. The project will (is going to) be finished next month. Ma
4、ny trees have been planted around the lake. Old people should be taken care of/looked after. Books cant be taken out of the library.7.Nobody likes being laughed at.8.Nobody likes to be laughed at.,6.被动语态应注意的问题,1. 可接双宾语的动词带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把“人”提前做主语；将“物”提前则要在“人”的前面加to或for.Eg: I gave him a book yester
5、day. - He was given a book (by me) yesterday.- A book was given to him (by me) yesterday.,2.带to不定式作宾语补足语的复合宾语,ask/tell/allow/encourage/promisesb. to do sth.结构：People should allow teenagers to choose their own clothes. Teenagers to choose their own clothes.They encourage us to plant more trees.We to
6、plant more trees.,should be allowed,are encouraged,3、接动词原形做宾补的动词变被动语态,使役动词(let, have, make等)或感官动词(see, hear, watch,等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式省略to，改为被动语态时一定要补上to。(记忆口诀：“使感动词”真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主动语态to走开，被动语态to回来。”) I heard him sing in the next room. -He sing in the next room. They made us do all kinds of work. -We d
7、o all kinds of work.注：当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时，doing不变。如：I saw him going into the shop.(主动)He was seen going into the shop.(被动),was heard to,were made to,4、宾语从句,汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等常见的宾语从句句型。 Its said/ reported/believed/ that据说/报道/认为 Its suggested that有人建议 Its well known that众所
8、周知 Its hoped that人们希望。eg: It was reported that it rained heavily in the south of China.据报道,5、没有被动语态的动词和词组,1.不及物动词如happen appear belong to;take place;break out等无被动语态A traffic accident _(happen) just now.2.连系动词无被动语态，如feel smell look sound taste等。Peking Opera _ (sound) beautiful3.表状态的动词无被动语态，如have own
9、fit.I have a bike.,4.wash, write, sell, wear此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态,常用副词 well, easily修饰。 The book sells well . ( 这本书销路很好) This dress washes easily . ( 这衣服较好洗) The pen writes smoothly.（这支钢笔写起来很流畅）,5.need, demand, want(需要）, require, be worth等后用动名词表被动。 The desk needs repairing. The novel is worth seeing
10、.注意：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。：The desk needs repairing.The desk needs to be repaired.,【2013江苏常州】This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, _ well. A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold【解析】某些可以和well, easily, smoothly等副词连用的不及物动词如read, write, wash, clean, draw, cook, sell, lock, open等, 且主
11、语是非生命的名词或代词, 用主动结构表被动含义。本句的主语为This listening material为第三人称单数; sell well意为“畅销”。句意为“这个听力材料以及它的光盘很畅销。”故选A。,中考链接,【2013河南】 Excuse me. Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself. Sorry. The book you ask for_ out. A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold【解析】主语the book和动词sell构成被动关系，又时态为一般现在时，因此用一
12、般现在时的被动语态。答语句意“对不起，你要的书已售完”。故选B。,【2013广西南宁】 Han Hans books are popular. They _ by many teenagers. A. is read B. was read C. are read D. were read【解析】由上句可知韩寒的书很受欢迎，用一般现在时；主语they是复数形式，故答案选C项。,【2013湖北宜昌】 At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups. More chances _ to students to learn
13、 from each other. A. offer B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering 【解析】句子大意为“小组学习为学生提供了更多相互学习的机会”。“机会”和“提供”之间存在被动关系，须用被动语态。四个选项中，只有are offered为被动语态。故选B。,【2013湖北襄阳】 Didnt you see the sign “No Parking!” on the right? Sorry, I didnt. But now I know parking _ here. A. wasnt allowed B. isnt allowe
14、d C. wont allow D. doesnt allow【解析】由上句中的“No Parking!”可知，停车不被允许，根据时间状语now可知，考察一般现在时态的被动语态，故选B。,【2013广东梅州】The child without parents _ good care of by his teachers in this special school. A. is taken B. are taken C. take D. takes 【解析】主语the child与动词短语take care of之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。,【2013浙江宁波】 Have
15、 you finished your project? Not yet. Ill finish it if I _ ten more minutes. A. give B. am given C. will give D. will be given【解析】句意“如果再给我十分钟我会完成它”，主语与动词give之间是被动关系，在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。故选B。,【2013湖北黄石】This pair of shoes _ hand, and it _ very comfortable. A. is made with; is felt B. are made from; is fel
16、t C. are made of; feels D. is made by; feels【解析】句意: “这双鞋是由手工制成的，它感觉起来很舒服”, 主语this pair of shoes不能执行谓语动词make, 故用被动语态, 且主语为第三人称单数形式, 用is made by的被动结构; feel为连系动词, 不能用被动语态，故选D。,六、Exercises,1、Jay sings many famous songs.(被动语态） Many famous songs Jay. 2、Her mother gave her a new pen.(同义句） A new pen her by
17、her mother.3、If he (give) one more minute, he (finish) the exam yesterday. 4、The student is made (stand) there for half an hour. 5、He wont go to bed until his homework (finish).6、The heated ice cream scoops (invent) by a man (call) Lanmon. 7、Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. (被动） A stranger walk into the building.,are sung by,was given to,were given,would finish,to stand,is finished,were invented,called,was seen to,
