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1、连 词 (Conjunction),连 词 (Conjunction),一、连词定义: 用来连接词、短语或句子的词。 e.g. I study English and Chinese. Does he work at school or in the hospital? I get up early, but my brother gets up late.,三、用法 1.并列连词 - 连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。 常见的有：(1)表并列关系的and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor，as well as（也，和）等。(2)表选择关系的or,
2、eitheror等。(3)表转折关系的but, however等。(4)表因果关系的for, so等。,考点一：1）判断改错： They sat down and talk about something. They started to dance and sang. I saw two men sitting behind and ate there.,F,F,F,eating,sing,talked,and (“和，并且”) 与 or (“否则”),“and” 连接平行结构。,（1）肯定句中用“and” 表“和”；（2）否定句中用“or”表“和” 。,2）翻译： 我喜欢英语和数学。 我不
3、喜欢英语和数学。,I like English _ math.,I dont like English _ math.,and,or,= Study hard, _ your math will be worse.,3）用 “and” 或“or” 填空： Study hard, _ your math will be better.,and,or,“and”意为“这样，那么”； “or” 意为 “否则” 。,1. Which do you like better, apples, _ pears? A. and B. but C. or2. Now we have no time _ mone
4、y. A. so B. and C. or,or: 1. 用于疑问句, 表选择 2. 用于否定句, 表并列（肯定句用and）,3.Christine, Aileen _ (和) I are good friends. Study hard, _ (否则)youll fall behind. 4. Are you coming by bus _(或者) on foot?,and,or,or,1. Its getting warmer _ warmer. A. and B. but C. or2. He or the twins _ the USA. A. comes from B. come f
5、rom C. is from4. Not Tom but I _ going to give the talk. A. am B. is C. are,adj.比 + and + adj.比 表示越来越,A or B 和 not A but B 结构作主语时，谓语动词要使用就近原则。,and, or, but, so 特殊用法,表转折的连词but 和however： e.g. (他努力工作，但以失败告终。) He worked hard, _ he failed at last. He worked hard. _, he failed at last.区别: but 后没有逗号，直接连接分句
6、； however 后有逗号相隔，可放句末。,but,However,考点二 ：,观察句子 ： （1）Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.改为：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或 He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.（2）“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.”,*although/ though 和but这两个关联
7、词不能同时用。,?,同样，此句错误， because 和 so 等关联词都不能同时使用。,考点三 ：,either A or B “或者A或者B”neither A nor B “既不A也不B”not only A but also B “不仅A而且B”,- 连词词组 ：,Either you or I _ going to the party.(或者你或者我将去晚会。)Neither I nor he _ seen the movie.（我和他都没有看过这部电影。）Not only you but also he _ French.（不但你而且他也讲法语。）,【连接主语 时，谓语“就近原则”
8、】,am,has,speaks,考点四,2. 从属连词-用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。(3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。(4)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。(5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。(6)引导结果状语从句的so that, sothat, suchthat等。(7)引导比较状语从
9、句的than, asas等。(8)引导宾语从句的that, if , whether等。,三者均可译为“在时候”。when引导的从句，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的。一般来说，当主句的动作正在进行时，when引导的从句的动作才发生；while引导的从句中，动词只能是延续性的，一般来说，当while引导的从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；若主从句动作同时发生，且强调“一边一边”这样的意思，一般用 as。 When I came into the room, I found him lying there asleep. She sang as she walked. 她一边走一边唱
10、歌。注意：while 可以表示对比关系“然而”。He is short while his brother is tall.,when，while，as,连 词 用 法 比 较,Mr. White was taking a shower _ the UFO landed on the street. A. where B. while C. when D. whether,C,While Mr. White was taking a shower，the UFO landed on the street.,考点一,“when” 和 “while”,when引导的状语从句的动作多为终止性动词，也
11、为可持续动词；但while只能是可持续动词。,考点二,我父亲直到我们吃完饭时才回来。,My father _ come back until we had supper.,notuntil/ till 直到才till 直到为止,翻译：他直到3岁才会讲话。,He _get up until his mother wakes him up.,didnt,他经常等到妈妈叫他才起床。,He _ speak until he was 3.,couldnt,doesnt,1) sothat中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词 而such.that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：Im
12、so tired that I cant walk any farther.It was such a warm day that he went swimming.2) 如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时，用so,不用such。例如：He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.,sothat, such.that,连 词 用 法 比 较,He took the MP3 player with him _ he could enjoy music during the trip.A. beca
13、use B. so that C. when,B,考点三,他起早是为了赶上早班车。(表目的),He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.,He got up early so that he caught the early bus.,他起早，结果赶上了早班车。（表结果）,He got up so early that he caught the early bus.,sothat,so that：为了； 所以，结果,如此以致,if和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾语从句是一般可互换。例如：I wonder whether
14、 (if) you still study in that school.在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：.在不定式前。例如：I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not.与or(not)连用时。例如：I dont now whether he comes or not.从句作介词宾语时只用whether不用if。It depends on whether it will be fine.那得看是不是晴天。.作discuss等动词的宾语时，用whether不用if。We discussed whether we shou
15、ld close the shop.我们讨论是不是该关掉商店,if, whether,连 词 用 法 比 较,连接条件状语从句：,1、Youll be late _(如果) you dont get up early tomorrow.2、Ill come to see you _(如果) Im free next Saturday. 3、Well have a picnic tomorrow _(如果) it doesnt rain tomorrow.,* 注意状语从句的时态：“主将从现”。,if,if,if,连 词 练 习,连接时间状语从句,I was cleaning the floor
16、 _(当的时候) she knocked at the door. Dick climbed up into a tree _(一就) he saw the bear. I knew nothing about it _(直到才) my friend told me yesterday. I havent heard from Bill _(自从) we graduated from middle school.,when,as soon as,until,since,连接原因、结果状语从句,You should return the digital camera to Sally _ she
17、 will not be angry. A. so that B. because C. before 2. He was hurt _ badly _ he had to see a doctor. A. tooto B. so that C. so that 3.He took off his coat _ it was too hot in the room. A.And B. since C. but 4. Solo missed the bus _ he was late for school. A. because B. so C. or,连接让步状语从句,Tom is still
18、 doing his homework _ it is very late. A. so that B. even though C. if 2. I never seem to put on any weight,_ hard I try. A. though B. no matter how 3. I enjoy learning English, _ it takes me a lot of time. A. unless B. although C. because 4. I will never give up learning English _ (即使) it is diffic
19、ult.,even though,1. Ill tell your father the truth as soon as he _ here. A. arrives B. arrived C. arrives at2. We dont know if he _ us for the picnic. Ill call you if he _. A. joins; comes B. will join; comes C. will join; will come3. Nobody knows when the windows _. But Ill tell you when I _ the an
20、swer. A. broke; find out B. broken; will find out C. were broken; find out,连 词 用 法 练 习,4. You wont understand until you _ him. A. meet B. meeting C. will meet5. You will fail in English _ you work hard. A. because B. unless C. if6. Just because we are young, _ we should work even harder. A. so B. /
21、C. but7. It has been seven years since he _ here. A. left B. leaves C. leave,连 词 用 法 练 习,8. The little boy _ when I came in. A. falls down B. fell down C. was fell down9. We were reading when the teacher _ in. A. came B. comes C. is coming 10. He became a doctor when he _the university. A. graduated
22、 from B. graduate from C. graduated for,11. Tom works in a hospital _ Mary works in a company. A. because B. until C. while12. While his mother was washing, he _ his homework. A. do B. did C. was doing 13. The little boy fell alseep while he _ the music. A. was listen B. was listening to C. listened
23、 to,表示对比，“然而，而”,while表示“当的时候”。 两个动词同时发生。必须使用延续性动词。,14. Hurry up, _ you will miss the train. A. and B. so C. however D. or15. The mountain was _ steep(陡峭的）_ few people in our city reached the top. A. soas B. sothat C. asas D. tooto,连 词 用 法 练 习,Funny Husband (H) & Wife (W) about Shopping,情境对话 ：,H：“Wha
24、t are we going to do, my dear？” W: “Go shopping.”H：“We can do nothing _shopping.”W：“In fact, _ you _ I like shopping.”H: “Why must you do the things _ you dont like?” W: “_ my skirts are out of style, _ I want to buy a new one.”W:（In the clothing shop.）I dont know_ they fit(适合) me. ”H: “I dont know
25、_ you really like. Just go inside and try them on.”H：（对seller笑笑） “Can you talk to me for a few minutes？” S：Why?H：Because _ my wife sees (that) I am talking to other ladies, she will be angry at once and leave.S： “Then why do you let her go?”H： “I want to leave _ I wont pay for them.”,根据对话内容，填入适当连词。,except/but,neither nor,that,Because,或 so,if,what/ which,if/when/ as soon as,and/ so that,Homework ：,Go over the usage of conjunctions.2. Finish the related exercises.,
