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1、,The past perfect tense过去完成时,目 录,课程导入,知识点讲解,过去完成时的定义,过去完成时的结构,过去完成时的基本用法,过去完成时的语法判定,过去完成时和现在完成时的区别,过去完成时的定义,过去完成时主要表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经发生或者完成的动作或状态，即过去的过去。,When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading.,The bus had gone when I at the bus stop Ahave arrived Barrived Chad arrived Da
2、m arriving,过去完成时的结构,主语+had+动词过去分词肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词+其他.否定句：主语+had+not+动词过去分词+其他.疑问句：Had+主语+动词过去分词+其他?肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+hadnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+had+主语+过去分词+其他？,I had finished my homework when my parents came back.当我父母到家的时候我已经完成了家庭作业。I hadnt finished my homework when my parents came back.当我父母到家的时
3、候我还没完成了家庭作业。,过去完成时的基本用法,（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。By nine oclock last night,we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。,过去完成时的基本用法,(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for,since构成的时间状语连用。I had
4、been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。,过去完成时的基本用法,（3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。I didnt
5、know a thing about the verbs,for I had not studied my lesson.我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。,过去完成时的基本用法,（4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。She found the key that she had lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。,过去完成时的基本用法,（5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中
6、，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。,过去完成时的基本用法,（6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如:when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的复合句。When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。She di
7、dnt go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。,注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。After he arrived in England,Marx worked hard to improve his English.马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。,过去完成时的基本用法,（7）动词think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时
8、来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。We had hoped to be able to come and see you.我们本来希望能来看看你。,过去完成时的语法判定,由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ） by the
9、end of + 过去的时间点。We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.,过去完成时的语法判定,由“过去的过去”来判定过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：（ 1 ）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句
10、的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。She said that she had seen the film before. 她说她已经看过这部电影了。,过去完成时的语法判定,由“过去的过去”来判定（ 2 ）状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 做完作业后，他上床睡觉了。注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从
11、句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。After he closed the door, he left the classroom.他关上了门，离开了教室。,过去完成时的语法判定,由“过去的过去”来判定（3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.我们原本希望你来，但你没有来。,过去完成时的语法判定,根据上、
12、下文来判定I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing. 我昨天在街上遇见了王滔。自从他去北京，我们都没有见过面。,1. He _ in Shanghai University for four years before he _ Beijing.A. studied, had gone B. had studied, wentC. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone2. Mary said it was at
13、least five years since he _ a good drink.A. enjoyed B. was enjoying C. had enjoyed D. would enjoy,过去完成时和现在完成时的区别,现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以now的时间为基点，但侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far. I had learned 1000 Englis
14、h words till then. Im sorry to keep you waiting. Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.,Xiao Pei said she _ Hainan for 3 months.A. has been in B. had been in C. had been to D. had gone to Tom _ the CD player for two weeks. A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had,课程总结,1He a
15、sked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. l
16、earnt4. She _lived here for _ years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked,1. We _ (paint) the house before we moved_ (move) in.2. That rich old
17、 man _ (make) a will before he died(die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen arrived (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.6. Paul_ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call.7. Tom _ (say) he _ (read) the book twice.8. Our plan _ (fail ) because we _ (make) a bad mistake.9. When the chairman _ (finish) speaking, he _ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads_ (have) lunch when I _(get) to their house.,
