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1、四级翻译,Translation 15%,中译英翻译,段落：140-160字题材：中国历史、文化、经济和社会发展难度：改革前0.89，改革后0.95,翻译评分标准,本题成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分13-15分：译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错10-12分：译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误7-9分：译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误4-6分：译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确，有相当多的严重语言错误1-3分：译文支离破碎。除个
2、别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思0分：未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关,汉译英,动词时态名词单复数主语主语！长定语处理状语位置长句处理(拆分；处理为从句等)积累专题词汇和表达,Index,2013.06木版年画,2012.12中秋节,2012.06刺绣,model 1茶,model 8网络购物,model 3京剧,丝绸之路,2013.12样卷剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆
3、期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。,Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their h
4、omes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chines
5、e paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.,2013.06,木版年画(wood engraving picture)是一种传统民间艺术，是自雕版印刷术(block printing)发明以后至近代印刷术出现之前最富特色的图画传播形式，至今仍在民间流传。挂木版年画是春节一系列庆祝活动的一项重要内容。它来源于中国古代的门神，其题材及其广泛。作为独特的民间艺术，木版年画的艺术表现力与众不同。在创作上，木版年画不受时间和空间的限制。在技法上
6、，木版年画继承了我国传统的勾线(sketching)技法。,状语处理,长句处理,长定语处理,隐含的被动关系,主语省略,Typical Mistakes,木版年画是一种传统民间艺术，是自雕版印刷术发明以后至近代印刷术出现之前最富特色的图画传播形式，至今仍在民间流传。. is a traditional folk art, is the most special way of spreading pictures from the invention of block printing and the appearing of modern printing, is still popular a
7、mong people. Comment:lack of subject or conjunction, connotative meaningKey:.is a traditional folk art. It is the most special way of expressing things with pictures from the invention of block printing to the appearing of modern printing, and is still popular among people. Skill:拆句法；加主语；状语后置,Typica
8、l Mistakes,挂木版年画是春节一系列庆祝活动的一项重要内容。Putting up wood engraving picture is one of the important activities during the Spring Festival. Comment:good enoughKey:Putting up / Pasting up / Hanging.is one of the Spring Festival celebrations.Skill:动作主语处理；长定语处理,Typical Mistakes,它来源于中国古代的门神，其题材及其广泛。It came from
9、the ancient Chinese Door Gods and the topics are very wide. Comment:andis properly added; expression; orderKey:It originated from the Door Gods in ancient China, and covers a wide range of subjects/topics.Skill:长定语处理；加连词,Typical Mistakes,作为独特的民间艺术，木版年画的艺术表现力与众不同。As a unique folk art, the artistic ex
10、pression of wood engraving picture is very different. Comment:clever but over-simplifiedKey:As a unique folk art, the artistic expression of wood engraving picture is outstanding. / . stands out in its artistic expression.Skill:地道表达,Typical Mistakes,在创作上，木版年画不受时间和空间的限制。In creation, the time and spac
11、e cant limit the wood engraving picture. Comment:better use a passive voiceKey:In its (artistic) creation, wood engraving picture is not limited by time and space. / is free from the limitation of .Skill:隐含被动关系,Typical Mistakes,在技法上，木版年画继承了我国传统的勾线技法。As for the painting techinque, wood engraving pict
12、ure inherits Chinese traditional sketching skills.Comment:tenseKey:As for the painting techinque, wood engraving picture has inherited Chinese traditional sketching skills.Skill:隐含时态,Useful Expressions,民间艺术: folk art 民间故事: folk tale起源于: originate from.古代的: ancient 艺术表现力: artistic expression在.上 / 在.方
13、面: concerning / with regard to / as for / in terms ofFor more:风俗习惯: customs当代的: contemporary增加喜庆气氛: enhance the joyous atmosphere朝代: dynasty有(.)年历史: has a history of (1500 years)象征: symbolize v.,预测卷（一）,中国素有“茶的故乡”之称，是世界上最早种植茶、制作茶、饮用茶的国家。茶的发现和利用是中国人对人类文化史的一大贡献。几千年来，中国人品茶的热情始终未减，因为茶是有益于健康的天然饮品。茶在中国人的社会
14、和感情生活中都有着重要的作用。客来敬茶是中国较为普遍的习俗，不只是处于对客人的礼貌，而且也是一种亲近(togetherness)的象征和快乐的分享。,主语处理,长定语处理,状语的位置,Typical Mistakes,中国素有“茶的故乡”之称，是世界上最早种植茶、制作茶、饮用茶的国家。China known as the hometown of tea, is the world earliest planting tea, making tea, drinking tea. Comment:Chinglish; lack the subject; lack of logic and orde
15、r Key:China is well known as the homeland of tea. It is the first country to grow, produce and drink tea.Skill:拆句法；加主语；定语后置,Typical Mistakes,茶的发现和利用是中国人对人类文化史的一大贡献。Teas discover and make is a great contribution to the history of human culture. Comment:syntactical form of words; orderKey:The discover
16、y and consumption of tea is a great contribution to the history of human culture.Skill:动词转名词；定语后置,Typical Mistakes,几千年来，中国人品茶的热情始终未减，因为茶是有益于健康的天然饮品。For thousands of years, Chines people like drinking tea very much, because tea is a healthy natural drink. .are crazy about drinking tea.Comment:clever
17、but over simplifiedKey:For thousands of years, Chines people have an untiring zeal for tea, because tea is a healthful natural drink.Skill:地道表达；中文隐藏时态,Typical Mistakes,茶在中国人的社会和情感生活中都有重要的作用。Tea in the Chinese peoples social and emotional life plays an important role. Comment:Chinglish syntactical or
18、derKey:Tea plays an important role in Chinese peoples social and emotional life.Skill:中英表达差异，英文状语(时间、地点、方式)后置,Typical Mistakes,客来敬茶是中国较为普遍的习俗。If a guest comes to your home, you should serve a cup of tea. Comment:over simplified; subjectKey:Serving a cup of tea to the guest is a common practice in Ch
19、ina.To serve a cup of tea./ It is a common practice to serve.Skill:主语处理,Typical Mistakes,不只是出于对客人的礼貌，而且也是一种亲近的象征和快乐的分享。.not only out of politeness, but also a symbol of togetherness and sharing of happiness. Comment:well translated, but the structure is not balancedKey:it is not only out of politene
20、ss, but also is a symbol of togetherness and a way of sharing happiness.Skill:加主语；结构平衡,Useful Expressions,素有.之称: is (well) known as. 最早.的国家: is the first country to.对.的贡献: (make) a great contribution to.情感生活: emotional life普遍习俗: a common practice / custom / traditionFor more:中国是.的发源地: . originated i
21、n China追溯到: date back to.古代的: ancient纪念.: commemorate v.The Dragon Boat Festival was set up to commemorate Qu Yuan.,预测卷（三） 处理句子,京剧起源于200年前清朝时期的北京，是一种集歌剧表演、歌唱、音乐、舞蹈和武术于一体的表演艺术。自1919年京剧大师梅兰芳先生东渡日本演出后，至今京剧越来越受世界各地人民喜爱。北京京剧院也已经应邀在许多国家演出，得到了外国观众的高度评价。这些表演对中外文化交流和促进世界人民友好往来作出了卓越的贡献。,预测卷（三）,京剧起源于200年前清朝时期的
22、北京，是一种集歌剧表演、歌唱、音乐、舞蹈和武术于一体的表演艺术。自1919年京剧大师梅兰芳先生东渡日本演出后，至今京剧越来越受世界各地人民喜爱。北京京剧院也已经应邀在许多国家演出，得到了外国观众的高度评价。这些表演对中外文化交流和促进世界人民友好往来作出了卓越的贡献。,预测卷（八）,因特网在继电话和电视之后已成为人们生活的又一重要组成部分。消费者使用因特网进行在线购物和投资。大多数消费者在使用信用卡在线购物付款。其他电子支付系统，有时被称作“数字货币”或“e现金”现在也十分普遍。这些支付系统的目标就是使得购物更加简便。比如说“储值卡”能够把现金的价值转入到卡内。这张卡在公共交通、各大高校、加油
23、站和预付话费中广泛使用。,状语位置处理：“茶在中国人的社会和情感生活中都有重要的作用”,长句处理,定语处理,隐含的被动关系;状语后置,Useful Expressions,电子的: electronic 数字的: digital 虚拟的: virtual在线购物/投资: shop / invest online信用卡: credit card 储值卡: stored-value card 银行卡: bank card被称作: . is referred to as .货币: currency 转账: transfer v.公共交通: public transportation加油站: gas
24、stationFor more:银行账户: bank account股票: stock 股票市场: stock market房地产: real estatePamphlet page10-11,2012.12,阴历(lunar calender)八月十五是中国两大传统节日之一的中秋节(另一个是春节)。很多人将中秋节称为“八月十五”。由于中秋夜的圆月往往会激发人们家庭团聚的渴望，中秋节也被称为团圆节。中秋节一般都是在晚上庆祝，人们聚在一起点灯笼、吃月饼、赏明月。现如今，很多人在中秋节这天去欣赏音乐会，或者去咖啡厅、夜总会，或者乘坐观光车外出观赏一些景点。,表达：阴历八月十五,隐藏的被动句,注意：
25、用有把握的词和词组,名词处理,注意可数名词的使用：单数前面加冠词/复数,阴历八月十五是中国两大传统节日之一的中秋节.one of the two traditional Chinese festivals.人们聚在一起点灯笼、吃月饼、赏明月。People stay together to light lanterns, eat moon cakes and appreciate the round moon.去欣赏音乐会，或者去咖啡厅、夜总会.to go to a concert, a coffee shop, and a night club.或者乘坐观光车外出观赏一些景点。or to ta
26、ke a trip to some scenic spots by sightseeing bus.,被动句,中秋节也被称为团圆节。The Mid-Autumn Festival is also called Reunion Festival中秋节一般都是在晚上庆祝.The Mid-Autumn Festival is usually celebrated in the evening.,Typical mistakes,Due to the round moon tends to make people think of their family.Because the Mid-Autumn
27、 Festivals round moon inspires peoples longing for family reunion.Auguest fifteenth in lunar calendar is.,Useful Expressions,阴历八月十五: the 15th day of the 8th lunar month / the 15th day of the 8th month according to the lunar calendar家庭团聚: family reunion称.为: call / name / refer to.as欣赏/ 赏: appreciate
28、/ enjoy景点: scenic spot(s)观光: go sightseeingFor more:团圆饭: reunion dinner家人: family / family members公历/阳历: solar calendar怀旧的/思乡的: nostalgic家喻户晓：.become a household name,2012.06,刺绣(embroidery)是一种以绣花针穿引彩线、按照预先设计的花样在布帛等织物上刺缀成花样图案或文字的民间工艺。刺绣可分为苏绣、粤绣、湘绣、蜀绣。刺绣的图案包括花、鸟、虫、鱼、风景和人物。在刺绣的过程中应用了中国的绘画艺术。时至今日，中国刺绣工艺
29、不仅进入了寻常百姓之家，而且走上了世界舞台。,长句分解,加主语,注意：状语的位置,隐含的被动句,化难为易,长句处理,刺绣(embroidery)是一种以绣花针穿引彩线、按照预先设计的花样在布帛等织物上刺缀成花样图案或文字的民间工艺。先翻译主干：Embroidery is a kind of folk handicraft.第二部分：.which uses needles and colored thread 第三部分：to sew images of flowers and words第四部分：on the fabric/cloth第五部分：according to pre-designed
30、patternsEmbroidy is a kind of folk handicraft which uses needles and colored thread to sew images of flowers and words on the fabric according to pre-designed patterns.,Its EASY,被动句,刺绣可分为苏绣、粤绣、湘绣、蜀绣。Embroidery can be divided into Suzhou, Guangdong, Hunan and Sichuan schools.可数名词用复数：刺绣的图案包括花、鸟、虫、鱼、风景
31、和人物。Designs on embroidery include flowers, birds, insects, fish, landscapes and human figures. (可数名词用复数代表一类事物),补齐主语,在刺绣的过程中应用了中国的绘画艺术。They apply the art of Chinese painting to embroidery.或翻译成被动句The art of Chinese painting is applied to embroidery.,时态选择,时至今日，中国刺绣工艺不仅进入了寻常百姓之家，而且走上了世界舞台。“时至今日”隐含了一个时间结
32、点，所以用“现在完成时”更恰当Today / Now, Chinese embroidery handicraft has not only come into the ordinary peoples life, but also entered the world stage.,Useful Expressions,图案 / 花样 / 样式: pattern / image / design 民间艺术: folk art民间工艺: folk handicraft可分为: be divided into.流派: school 应用: apply . to .百姓: ordinary peop
33、leFor more:继承: v. inherit 文化遗产: cultural heritage / legacy各族人民: people of all ethnic groups,翻译练习：丝绸之路,丝绸之路是历史上横贯欧亚大陆的贸易交通线，在历史上促进了欧亚非各国和中国的友好往来。中国是丝绸的故乡，在经由这条路线进行的贸易中，中国输出的商品以丝绸最具代表性。因此，当德国地理学家Ferdinand 最早在19世纪70年代将之命名为“丝绸之路”后，即被广泛接受。同时，它也是一条东方与西方之间经济、政治、文化进行交流的主要道路。核心词提示：丝绸之路：Silk Road 地理学家：geograp
34、her,长定语处理！,丝绸之路是历史上横贯欧亚大陆的贸易交通线，/在历史上促进了欧亚非各国和中国的友好往来。Silk Road is a trade route across the Eurasia(the European and Asian continent).It promoted the friendly exchanges between China and other countries in Europe, Asia and Africa.other expressions:促进/加强: strengthen, enhance,中国是丝绸的故乡，/在经由这条路线进行的贸易中，中
35、国输出的商品以丝绸最具代表性。China is the homeland of silk. /Among all the traded products, silk is the most representative good exported from China(which was exported from China).,状语位置要调整,因此，当德国地理学家Ferdinand 最早在19世纪70年代将之命名为“丝绸之路”后，即被广泛接受。Therefore, since the German geographer Ferdinand first named it Silk Road
36、in the 1870s, it was widely accepted.Other expressions:命名为：call.广泛接受：universally / commonly accepted,模拟卷1：中国是世界上最早种植茶的国家！,长定语处理,同时，它也是一条东方与西方之间经济、政治、文化进行交流的主要道路。Meanwhile, it is also a major route for the economic, political and cultural exchanges between the East and the West / eastern and western countries.Other expressions:同时：in the meantime道路：road / path,层层展开,
