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1、语法复习直接引语和间接引语(Direct speech and indirect speech),Direct Speech and Reported Speech,引语的概念,直接引述别人的原话，叫 _;,直接引语,用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _。,间接引语,直接引语通常都用_括起来，,引号“ ”,一、变人称：a.从句是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰时。Shesaid.“Mybrotherwantstogo shoppingwithme.” Shesaid brother wantedtogo shoppingwith . 2. He says, “ I am tired.” He say
2、s is tired.,Conclusion（结论）：一随主。,her,her,he,b.从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰时。 1. Lucy asked Tom, “Can you help me?” Lucy asked Tom if could help . 2. HesaidtoKate.“Howisyoursisternow?” HeaskedKatehow sisterwasthen。,he,her,Conclusion（结论）：二随宾。,her,C.如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰 1. MrSmithsaid, “Jackisagoodboy.”
3、 MrSmithsaid wasagoodboy. 2.We said to her, “They are walking through the street now.” We told her that were walking through the street then.Conclusion（结论）：也称“第三人称不更新”。,Jack,口诀：一随主, 二随宾，第三人称不更新。,they,二、如何变时态： 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。1. 主句为过去式时1) She said:” I am a student. ” She said (that) she a stu
4、dent.2) Shesaid, Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”Shesaidhe gotoseehisfriend。 Tom said,” I am going to play basketball tomorrow.”Tom said he going to play basketball tomorrow.Conclusion（结论）：主句为过去时态时，从句则一般都改成过去时态，也称：主过从过,was,would,was,直接引语变间接引语, 主句为过去时时，从句时态要发生如下变化:,一般现在时现在完成时现在进行时一般将来时一般过去时,一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去
5、将来时过去完成时,注意：以下几种情况时态 不变直接引语是客观真理，经常用一般现在时。 Theteacher said Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”Theteachersaidto metheearth aroundthesunearth.,直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语， 变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.Jack saidhe bornonApril21,1980.,直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 Jacksaid.“I was reading when Tom came to see m
6、e”.Jacksaid he when Tom came to see him.,moves,was reading,was,直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。 Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning。”Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变（could,should,would,might）, 和已经是过去时的形式时，不再变(oughtto，hadbetter,usedto) 。The doctor said, “You should stay in
7、bed for 2 days.” The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.” Petersaid.Youhadbettercomeheretoday.PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.,三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，1.时间状语，由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then,yesterday为thedaybefore, today变为 that day等） He said, “I want to go swimming now. ” He said he wanted to
8、 go swimming .,then,now - then today - that day yesterday - the day beforelast week - the week before three days ago - three days before tomorrow - the next day next week - the next week,2.地点状语,here 变 there The teacher said ,“ You should come here at 7:00.” The teacher said I should go at 7:00.3.指示代
9、词修饰的状语，this改为that, these改为those Hesaid,Thisbooksismine.“Hesaid book washis.4. 动词的转变，comego, bringtake,there,that,四、如何变句型(引导词的运用)：直接引语如果是陈述句式said/told that Shesaid,Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.“Shesaid theirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由 或 引导的宾语从句. Hesaid,Canyouswim,Jo
10、hn?“ HeaskedJohn hecouldswim. Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?Heaskedme Iwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.,that,whether,if,that,whether,if,直接引语如果是特殊问句，必须用陈述句语序）。 Sheaskedme,Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”Sheaskedme . Sheaskedme,Whatwas Jack doing when I come in?”Sheaskedme .直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为不定式的形式如“tell (ask等)sb
11、(not)todosth.“句型。如:1.Dontmakeanynoise,shesaidtothestudents.Shetoldthestudentsnottomakeanynoise. 2.“Open the door,please,saidshe.Sheaskedhimtoopen the door.,whentheyhadtheirdinner,what Jack was doing when she came in,直接引语转换间接引语时句式结构变化,1.直接引语是陈述句（用that 引导，口语中可省略）2.直接引语是一般疑问句(用if/whether引导，陈述句语序)3.直接引语
12、是特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词引导，陈述句语序),He said, “I live in Xiamen.” He said 2.She said, “Are you interested in chemistry?”She asked3.He asked me,“What are these?”He asked me4.Betty asked me “Where are you from?”Betty asked me,【that he lived in Xiamen】.宾语从句,【if whether I was interested in chemistry】.宾语从句,【what those
13、were】.宾语从句,【where I was from】.宾语从句,间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句,找出下列各句子中的错误的地方，并加以改正。1. He told me that he have left his book in his room.2. She asked Tom if did he can help her.3. She asked me when did they have their dinner.4. The teacher told the students do not to waste their time.5. The teacher said tha
14、t the earth went round the sun.,1. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading adventure stories.2. “I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friend. Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.,Exercise I,3. “Ann, have you seen my blue notebook?” Peter a
15、sked. Peter asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook.4. “How can you do that?” Mary said to Ann. Mary asked Ann how she could do that.5. “What difference does it make?” Peter asked Jim. Peter asked Jim what difference it made.,解题步骤:,1.陈述句,“I dont like computers,” Sandy said to her friends.,Sandy
16、said to her friends,that,said,didnt,she,Sandy said to her friends that she didnt like computers.,2.一般疑问句:Is it easy to work out the problem?( They asked him ),They asked him,if,It is easy to work out the problem.,it is easy to work out the problem.,asked,is,was,They asked him if it was easy to work out the problem.,3.特殊疑问句：When do you arrive in Australia?( They asked him ),They asked him,when,you arrive in Australia,you arrive in Australia.,he,arrived,They asked him when he arrived Australia.,直接引语变为间接引语有下列一些注意事项： 1.人称的变化。 2.时态的变化。 3.如何变状语。 4.引导词的运用。 5.动词的改变。 6.从句用陈述语序。,小结归纳,
