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1、Welcome,Grammar Non-finite Verbs,过去分词,不定式,动词的-ing 形式,非谓语动词,Smoking may cause cancer.He tried to avoid answering their questions.One of her duties is typing letters.The man sitting next to you is our headmaster.Being angry,he cant say a word.I saw him running down the street.,v-ing 形式在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、定
2、语、状语和宾补。,主语一般是位于谓语之前的*。,object complement,object,predicative,attributive,adverbial,subject,v-ing 形式,v-ing 形式的作用,v-ing 形式在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾补。,V-ing 形式,动名词,现在分词,1.作主语（动名词）,e.g.Finding work is difficult theses days.,It was a waste of time reading that book.Its no use/good worrying about it.,2.作宾语（动
3、名词）,e.g. Would you mind waiting a few minutes？ They are looking forward to Marys coming.,英语中有些动词或动词短语的后面只能跟上动名词。如 admit,appreciate,avoid, consider , give up, enjoy, regret, insist on, practise , finish, put off, avoid , mind , escape,excuse, stand(忍受) , imagine, miss,risk,suggest,cant help(禁不住), set
4、 about,后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词特殊动词接“动名”，使用它们要记清， “放弃”“享受”可“后悔”， “坚持”“练习”必“完成”， “延期”“避免”非“介意” 动名介宾不能忘 掌握它们你必明。,英语中有些动词可以接动名词也可以接不定式,但含义不同.,remembergo on,to dodoing,to dodoing,to do(遗憾要做某事)doing(后悔做了某事),forget,try,to do(设法)doing(尝试着做),regret,mean,to do(继续做另外一件事)doing(继续做同一件事),stop,to do(停下手中的事去做另外一件)doing(
5、停止做正在做的事情),to dodoing,1.-What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing,2.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. (97 上海12) A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned,3.While shopping, people sometime cant h
6、elp _ into buying something they dont really need. (96上海14) A. to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded,A,C,C,解析,解析,解析,2.cant help(没办法做.) to do Cant help (禁不住) doing 根据句意第一句的意思为“因为她忙于做蛋糕所以没办法来帮忙打扫房间;而第二句是人们禁不住而被劝说去买他们其实不想买的东西.,1.问句是由what提问,如果知道答案的话,应该是说:I think sth made Mary so ups
7、et.在选项中c项的形式才可以作主语.,3.作表语（动名词,现在分词）,e.g.One of her hobbies is growing flowers. The speed of the horses was amazing.,4. 作定语（动名词,现在分词）,e.g. There are no swimming pools in our school. Do you know the three children walking towards us?,1.v-ing 作定语时，单个的v-ing 形式放在所修饰的名词前；若是v-ing短语则要放在所修饰的名词之后2.动名词作定语，仅表被修
8、饰的名词的用途，解释为“供给.之用”;现在分词说明的是被修饰的名词执行现在分词所表示的这个动作,可用相应的定语从句换.,=who are walking towards us,running water= water that is runningrunning shoes= shoes for runninga waiting bus = a bus that is waitinga waiting room= a room for waiting,5. 作宾语补足语,V-ing形式可以放在某些动词如see,hear,notice,keep,find,get,have,feel等词后作宾语补
9、足语.,e.g. Suddenly I heard someone knocking gently on the door. Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long.,6. 作状语(现在分词),V-ing 形式作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义,相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思.,Walking in the street, I came across an old friend.= When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend.,Bein
10、g ill, he didnt go to school.=As he was ill, he didnt go to school.,Laughing and talking, they went into the classroom. （方式）,If you use your head, you will find a way.,Though weighing almost one hundred jin, the box was lifted by him with one hand.,We were sitting by the window,talking about what ha
11、ppened yesterday.(伴随）,1.当v-ing形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，需用having done2. v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主语保持一致；否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语,=Using your head, you will find a way.,= Though it weighes ,6. 作状语:,e.g._a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter.A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not
12、 received,e.g. Having finished my homework,I went to watchTV.,C,没收信的动作发生在决定写信这一动作之前所以应该用having done ;此题又是表否定含义，分词的否定式为not doing/not having done; 故选 c,-ing 形式,-ing 形式主要考查其在句子中作定语和状语的用法,A,He rushed to the train station, only _ the train had gone.,A. finding B. found C. finds D. to find,D,Making it the
13、 popular sport in the world为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,v-ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：,His parents died, leaving him an orphan.,He rushed to the post office only to find it was closed,动名词在句中的功能及其它 “动名”语法其功能，具有名词的特征，主宾表定都可作，“动名”、“现分”要认清，“现分”不作“宾”和“主”， 动名作“状”可不行。二形皆可作定语，混为一谈可不行，主谓关系视分词，“动名”一词无此义。现在分词形式及在句
14、子中的作用： 现在分词真好记，动词后面ing。它的作用真不小，可以充当定状表. 还有宾语补足语，忘记此项不可以。,summary,分词做定语的位置及其它 “定分”位置有二条，词前词后定分晓。 单个分词在词前，有时此规有颠倒。 分词短语在词后，“定从”和它互对照。 “现分”动作进行时，“过分”动作完成了。 注：“定分”：做定语的分词；“定从”：定语从句；“现分”：现在分词；“过分”：过去分词。） 分词做状语在句子中所表示的意义 分词做状语，概有七意义。“ 时间”和“原因”，“结果”与“目的”。 “方式”加“伴随”，“条件”常出席。 且谈其主语，谓语头前的*。（*指句子的主语）,非谓语动词形式的使
15、用,如何判定非谓语动词的形式,对比时间,判 断 时 态 和 语 态,非谓语动词的句法功能,判断逻辑关系,1.对比时间：A.若非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在句子谓语动所表示的动作之后（即非谓语动词所表示的动作还没有发生），用不定式的一般式：to do.B.若非谓语动词所表示的动作与句子谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生V-ing 或者是to be doing C.若非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动所表示的动作之前发生，就用不定式的完成式(To have written/To have been written)或(Having written/Having been written),2.判断逻辑来判断非
16、谓语动词的语态,若非谓语动词的动作就是逻辑主语发出的，就用非谓语动词的主动式；如果逻辑主语式非谓语动词的承受者，就用非谓语动词的被动式。,3.判断时态和语态,1.对比时间：A.若非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在句子谓语动所表示的动作之后（即非谓语动词所表示的动作还没有发生），用不定式的一般式：to do.B.若非谓语动词所表示的动作与句子谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生V-ing 或者是to be doing C.若非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动所表示的动作之前发生，就用不定式的完成式(To have written/To have been written)或(Having written/Havi
17、ng been written),2.判断逻辑来判断非谓语动词的语态,若非谓语动词的动作就是逻辑主语发出的，就用非谓语动词的主动式；如果逻辑主语式非谓语动词的承受者，就用非谓语动词的被动式。,3.判断时态和语态,非谓语动词的一些特殊用法后只接不定式作宾语的一些常用特殊谓语动词:want, hope和wish, agree, decide, mean, manage, promise, expect, pretend,且说两位算在此，要记牢，要记住，掌握它们靠自己。,后接动词不定式做宾语补足语省略不定式符号“to”的一些常用特殊动词:一些动词要掌握，have, let和make, 此三动词是使役，“注意”“观察(look at, observe)”“听到(hear, listen to)”see,还有feel和watch，使用它们要仔细后接“宾补”略去“to”，此点千万要牢记,
