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1、Chapter Nine Aesthetic Rhetoric,English Rhetoric,Page 2,Contents of This Chapter,. Phonetic figures of speech. Lexical figures of speech. Syntactic figures of speech,Page 3,1. 头韵 (alliteration) Cvc When the things happen that you do not like, you have two choices: You get bitter or better. How and w
2、hy he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness. 2. 谐音(euphony) /cacophony 杂音 3. 半谐音(assonance) Thy kingdom come, thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven.(愿你的国降临，愿你的旨意行在地上，如同行在天上。） 4. 拟声(onomatopoeia) I hear the clock ticktacking, and time goes by., Phoneti
3、c Figures of Speech,Page 4,1. 明喻 (simile) 主体：primary term/tenor 喻体：secondary term/vehicle 2. 隐喻(metaphor) The sunshine of life is made up of very little beams. 3. 移就(hypallage) (transferred epithet) He closed his busy life at the age of 80. 4. 拟植物(plantification) The child trembled like a leaf. The
4、moon hung above us like a golden mango., Lexical Figures of Speech,Page 5,5. 典故(allusion):诗文中引用的古代故事和有来历出处的词语。 Unaware of the sword of Damocles hanging over her, she pursued her own way (她没有觉察到达摩克利斯剑悬在头上的危险 ，依然漫不经心无忧无虑地自行其道。） I fear the Greeks, even when bringing gifts.6. 拟人(personification) England
5、 expects every man to do his duty. 7. 类比(analogy),Page 6,8. 讽喻 (allegory): 也叫寓意，是一种比隐喻更为委婉的比喻，其基本形式是以具体形象说明抽象概念，通过具体形象或浅近事实，给人以启发，引导人们去认清楚事物的本质或深邃的哲理。 9. 夸张(hyperbole) 10. 委婉语(euphemism) 富态 The student can do better work with help. (The student is stupid.) He depends on others to do his work. (He pl
6、agiarizes in class.) He has a tendency to stretch the truth. (He often tells a lie.) Charles Shively, 94, passed away at home and went to be with the Lord on April 22, 2004, from natural causes. 11. 迂回(periphrasis) 12. 曲言(litotes) War is not healthy for children and other living things.,Page 7,13. 矛
7、盾修饰法(oxymoron) No light, but rather darkness visible. 14. 反语(irony) This diligent student seldom reads more than an hour per month.15. 双关(pun) We must all hang together, or we shall hang separately. Try your sweet corn. Youll smile from ear to ear. A professor tapped on his desk and shouted: “Gentle
8、men order!” The entire class yelled: “Beer!”,Page 8,16. 换称(antonomasia) (来源：宗教，古代及当代的历史和文学，借代中的专有名词则无须具有类似的起源） Solomon - a wise man; Judas a traitor; Uncle Tom 17. 通感(synaesthesia) And like music on the waters Is thy sweet voice to me. (你甜美的声音在我耳中 像音乐在水面飘逸） 18. 低调陈述(understatement) 19. 仿拟(parody) I
9、had no outlook, but an uplook rather. My place in society was at the bottom. walk into love,Page 9,20. 提喻(synecdoche) They were short of hands. The soldier is a valiant heart.21. 一笔双叙(syllepsis) He lost his temper and his hat. Yesterday he had a blue heart and coat. He picked up his hat and his cour
10、age. The business man left in high spirit and a Cadilac.22. 轭式搭配(zeugma) He ate a bun and a glass of milk. At noon Mrs. Turpin would get out of bed and humor, put on kimono, airs and the water to boil for coffee. With weeping eyes and grieving hearts - With weeping eyes and hearts,Page 10,23. 层进(cli
11、max) I came, I saw, I conquered. （Julius Caesar) The audience smiled, chuckled, and finally howled. He was questioned, tortured and finally shot by the enemy.24. 突降(anticlimax) (语义由高雅严肃转向通俗与滑稽） What shall I do? I have lost my beau and lipstick too. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a sing
12、le man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. 25. 借代(metonymy) Lets drink a cup or two. The kettle is boiling. The gray hair should be respected.(?),Page 11,1. 松散句 (loose sentence) 2. 圆周句(periodic sentence) 3. 对偶句(antithesis) Extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice; moder
13、ation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue. 4. 排比句(parallelism), Syntactic Figures of Speech,Page 12,5. 反复( rhetorical repetition) Happy, happy pair None but the brave, None but the brave, None but the brave deserves the fair. (连续反复） Like draws like. （首尾反复） We eat to live, not live to eat.（逆转反复） F
14、or glances beget ogles, ogles sighs, sighs wishes, wishes words, and words a letter.6. 省略(ellipsis) He looked out the window. 7. 急止(aposiopesis) The first thing I saw - But I dare not describe the dreadful sight.,Page 13,8. 倒装(inversion) The helmsman steered, the ship moved on, yet never a breeze up blew. He is happy. - Happy is he. Little does he know how much suffering he has caused. Equally strange was his behavior to his son.9. 反问句 (rhetorical question)10. 非纯粹间接引语(free indirect speech),
