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1、大学生常见心理问题识别及对策,1,.,大学生常见心理问题1.,学生恶性事件频发,杀人跳楼异常行为。,2,.,学生恶性事件频发杀人2.,目 录,1.,2.,3.,4.,心理健康常识,问题识别,常见问题,对策,3,.,目 录 1. 2. 3. 4.心理健康常识问题识别,01,心理健康常识,4,.,01 心理健康常识4.,心理问题的分类,5,.,心理问题的分类5.,心理异常的原因-个人,自我同一性的危机：本我，自我，超我个性的缺陷：过于内向，敏感心理素质不完备：自控能力，对挫折应对情绪发展不稳定：最丰富，最动荡，最复杂性的生物性和社会性冲突：成熟与迷茫,6,.,心理异常的原因-个人自我同一性的危机：
2、本我，自我，超我6.,心理异常的原因-环境,文化/价值观的冲突：贵族、冷漠、快消大众传播的媒介：网络、电视、广播家庭环境的影响：恐惧症，强迫症，深虑症，抑郁症与早期的经历、家庭人际关系、父母教育方式、父母的人格特征等。突发事件：亲人离世、挫折失败,7,.,心理异常的原因-环境文化/价值观的冲突：贵族、冷漠、快消7,意Click here to add you to the centerof the narrative thought,行Click here to add you to the centerof the narrative thought,知ck here to add you
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43、素三、了解大学生心理问题的方法四、大学生心理问题的预防与应对,43,.大学生常见心理问题及其解决对策一、衡量大学生心理健康的标准,.,中共中央、国务院关于进一步加强和改进大学生思想政治教育的意见（中发200416号） 要开展深入细致的思想政治工作和心理健康教育,44,.中共中央、国务院44,高校心理健康教育,根据大学生身心发展的特点和规律，运用心理科学的理论、技术和方法，有目的、有计划、有步骤地通过多种形式及途径，培养学生良好的心理品质和健全的人格，促进学生身心全面发展和素质全面提高的教育活动。 包括良好心理素质的培养与心理疾病防治教育,.,45,高校心理健康教育.45,.,1994年中共中央
44、加强学校德育的若干意见1995年国家教委颁布普通高校德育大纲1999年6月中共中央国务院关于深化教育改革全面推进素质教育的决定1999年8月教育部加强中小学心理健康教育若干意见2001年3月教育部关于加强普通高等学校大学生心理健康教育工作的意见2002年5月教育部普通高校心理健康教育实施纲要2002年8月教育部中小学心理健康教育指导纲要2003年12月教育部办公厅下发关于进一步加强大学生心理健康教育工作的若干意见2004年6月教育部召开全国高校心理健康教育工作会议2004年10月中共中央国务院发出关于进一步加强和改进大学生思想政治教育的意见,近年来政府与教育部关于加强心理健康教育的文件,46,
45、.1994年中共中央加强学校德育的若干意见近年来政府与教,.,一、大学生心理健康的标准1、树立科学的健康观2、心理健康的内涵与标准3、正确理解心理健康的标准,47,.一、大学生心理健康的标准47,.,健康不仅仅是没有疾病和衰弱的表现,健康乃是身体上、心理上和社会适应方面良好而完满的状态（1948，WHO）。 衡量一个人是否健康，必须从生理、心理、行为等因素分析:有没有器质性或功能性异常有没有主观不适感有没有社会公认的不健康行为,48,. 健康不仅仅是没有疾病和衰弱的表现,健康乃是身体上,.,健康的标志（WHO，1948）1有足够充沛的精力，能从容不迫地应付日常生活和工作压力而不 感到过分疲劳紧
46、张。2处事乐观、态度积极、勇于承担责任，不论事情大小都不挑剔。3善于休息、睡眠良好。4应变能力强，能适应外界环境的各种变化。5能够抵抗一般性的感冒和传染病。6体重得当、身体匀称、站立时，头、肩、臂的位置协调。7反应敏锐、眼睛明亮、眼睑不发炎。8牙齿清洁、无空洞、无痛感、无出血现象，齿龈颜色正常。9头发具有光泽而少头屑。10肌肉和皮肤富有弹性，走路轻松匀称。,49,.健康的标志（WHO，1948）49,.,世界卫生组织提出身心健康的七大标准：1、快食：吃饭不挑食、不偏食，津津有味2、快眠：较快入睡，睡眠质量好，精神饱满3、快便：快速通畅地排泄，感觉轻松自如4、快语：说话流利，头脑清醒，思维敏捷5
47、、快行：行动自如协调，迈步轻松有力，动作流畅6、良好的个性：性格柔和、适应环境，为人处事好7、良好的人际关系：与人相处自然融洽，朋友多北京晨报2002年11月8日25版,50,. 世界卫生组织提出身心健康的七大标准：50,.,世界卫生组织前总干事马勒博士： 必须让人们认识到，健康并不代表一切，但失去了健康，便失去了一切。 古罗马哲学家西塞罗： 心理疾病比起生理疾病为数更多，为害更烈。,51,. 世界卫生组织前总干事马勒博士：51,.,俄国生理学家巴普洛夫： 忧愁、顾虑和悲观可以使人得病；积极愉快、坚强的意志和乐观的情绪可以战胜疾病,更可以使人强壮和长寿。,52,.俄国生理学家巴普洛夫：52,.
48、,心理健康： 心理健康是指个体对环境的高效而满意的适应，在这种状态下，人的生命具有活力，人的潜能得到开发，人的价值能够实现。,53,.心理健康：53,.,世界心理卫生联合会也曾明确提出了心理健康的四个标志：1身体、智力、情绪十分调和2适应环境、人际关系中彼此能谦让3有幸福感4在工作和职业中能充分发挥自己的能力，过有效率的生活。,54,.世界心理卫生联合会也曾明确提出了心理健康的四个标志：54,.,大学生心理健康的标准能保持对学习较深厚的兴趣和求知欲望能保持正确的自我意识接纳自我能调节与控制情绪保持良好的心境能保持和谐的人际关系并乐于交往能保持完整统一的人格品质能保持良好的环境适应能力心理行为符
49、合年龄特征,55,.大学生心理健康的标准55,.,对心理健康标准的理解 1、 判断心理健康应兼顾内外两方面 外：行为符合规范、人际关系协调、社会适应良好 内：心理机能健全、正当手段满足需要 2、 心理健康有不同层次 积极的：高层次、有追求、有价值目标 消极的：适应和平衡，内心没冲突,56,.对心理健康标准的理解56,.,3、 心理健康是一种状态，更是一个过程非静态（没有压力和冲突），是动态（在平衡和不平衡、冲突中追求发展）4、 心理健康归根结底是一种人生态度非超控制（神经症）、非失控制（反社会性）、开放，乐于吸取新经验，积极眼光看问题，放弃做完人和超人底目标。,57,.3、 心理健康是一种状态
50、，更是一个过程57,总的一点就是：对自己，有良好的自我意识；对别人，友好、宽容，有良好的人际关系；对工作，投入极大的热情；对环境，有良好的适应能力。一般而言，判断个体心理健康与否，主要源于四个方面：经验标准、社会适应标准、统计学标准、自身行为标准,.,58,总的一点就是：.58,.,二、大学生常见心理问题及影响因素1、什么是心理问题2、心理问题的常见表现3、心理问题的类型4、心理问题产生原因,59,. 二、大学生常见心理问题及影响因素59,.,心理问题是指所有各种心理及行为异常的情形。 心理的“正常”和“异常”之间并没有明确的和绝对的界限，一般认为，人的心理及行为是一个由“正常”逐渐向“异常”
