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1、,中考专题复习 非谓语动词,April 13th, 2014,一、定义 不充当句子谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词。它们不受主语限制，无时态与语态变化，又称非限定性动词。二、形式1. 动词不定式（to do sth. ）2. 动名词（v. -ing） 现在分词（v. -ing)3. 分词 过去分词（v. -ed或不规则变化）,考点一 不定式1不定式的基本形式是to动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。My father asked me not to read in bed.我爸爸告诉我不要在床上读
2、书。,(1)作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，Itbe形容词(for sb.)动词不定式。Its important (for us) to protect the environment.(对我们来说)保护环境是很重要的。注：当在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。Its very kind of_you_to_help_me.你帮助我真是太好啦。,2不定式的句法作用,(2)作宾语一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like，want，wish，hope，d
3、ecide，plan，expect等。Would you like to_see_a_film this evening?你今晚想去看电影吗？在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。I find it easy to_read_English_every_day.我发现每天读英语很容易。,(3)宾语补足语动词不定式作宾补时，它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。Lucy asked him to_turn_down_the_radio.露西要他关小收音机的音量。(4)作定语动词不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。I have a lot o
4、f homework to_do.我有许多家庭作业要做。,(5)作状语Mrs Wang went to Shanghai to_see_her_daughter.(目的)王太太去上海看她女儿。Were glad to_meet_you here. (原因)我们很高兴在这见到你。He is too tired to_work_on.(结果)他太累了而不能继续工作。,3不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。They told us not_to_play basketball too long.他们告诉我们不要玩太长时间篮球。,【温馨提示】1. help后接不定式时可以省略to；2. 有些动词后接
5、不定式时通常省略to：feel, hear, see, watch, notice, let, make, have（简记为一感一听三看三让）。上述动词变为被动语态后，其后的不定式必须补上“to”。,Tom helped his brother (to) learn to swim. 汤姆帮他的弟弟学习游泳。变为被动语态：His brother was helped to learn to swim by Tom. We often hear Jack sing English songs. 我们常听见杰克唱英文歌。变为被动语态：Jack is often heard to sing Engl
6、ish songs.,【牢记】以下词后跟不定式1. want, would like, get, decide, learn, teach, wish, hope, expect, agree, plan, pretend, enough, dare, refuse, fail, prepare, try, manage, help, offer, beg, afford, promise, be+形容词后, 疑问词后, 序数词后 ，the+形容词最高级后2. be supposed do sth，be uesed to do sth, uesd to do sth(过去常常做某事）try o
7、nes best to do sth, cant wait to do sth,3.句子：Its ones duty to do sth. It takes sb +钱或时间to do sth.,考点二 动名词 动名词由动词原形ing构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。,【牢记】,1.其后常接动名词的动词及动词词组有finish，enjoy，practice，understand，mind，keep，consider，miss，avoid(避免)，suggest，admit，be worth，have difficulty/pr
8、oblems/trouble/fun，waste time，cant help/cant stop，be used to(习惯于)，所有介词等,2. 其后既可以接动名词，也可接动词不定式的动词有love，like，prefer，begin，start，continue，remember，try，stop，forget，hate，need，allow，go on等。,3当need，require，want作“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式。The window needs cleaning.The window needs to be cleaned.那扇窗户需要被清洗。,4.
9、部分动词既可接动名词作宾语，又可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别较大。remember doing sth. 记得做过某事remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（未做）forget doing sth. 忘了做过某事forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事（未做）stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事,need doing sth. 需要做某事（被动含义）need to do sth. 需要去做某事（主动含义）try doing sth. 尝试做某事try to do sth. 尽力做某事hear/see sb. doing
10、sth. 听见/看见某人正在做某事hear/see sb. do sth. 听见/看见某人做了某事,allow doing sth. 允许做某事allow sb to do sth. 允许某人做某事go on to do sth 做完一件事，接着做另一件事go on doing sth. 继续不停做某事,考点三 分词 1. 分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词+-ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。,2. 分词的句法功能,2.现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别。我们常见的动词如：see，watch，notice，hear，feel，
11、have等，它们接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行着。I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已结束),3.现在分词与过去分词的区别。在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。the surprising news令人惊讶的消息a surprised man 一个受惊吓的人在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作
12、。the developing country 发展中国家the developed country发达国家4.易混句式have sb.do sth.have sb.doing sth.和have sth.done的区别。,have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。have sb.doing sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用k
13、eep代替，现在分词(doing)这个动作往往具有持续进行的含义。The two men had the boy running all night long.那两个人让这个男孩跑了一夜。,have sth.done意为“让某人做某事”，即ask sb.else to do sth.。过去分词(done)这个动作由他人(即非主语本身)来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。The driver had his car washed once a week.那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。,一. 单项选择1. (2012安顺中考)Do you know whether the man _ by the
14、 door is Mr. Smith? Sure. Weve known each other for a long time. A. stand B. standing C. stood D. stands【解析】选B。standing by the door是现在分词短语作后置定语表示动作正在进行，与被修饰的man之间存在主动关系。故选B。,2. （2012随州中考）Its dangerous _ with the wild animal. A. for us to play B. of us playingC. for us playing D. of us to play【解析】选A。
15、Its+adj. +for sb. to do sth. 意为“做某事对某人”，其中it为形式主语，动词不定式to play with the wild animal是真正的主语，故选A。,3. (2012自贡中考)When are you going to have your hair _? This afternoon. A. cut B. to cut C. cutting【解析】选A。have sth. done“让被做”。过去分词作宾语补足语，与所修饰的宾语之间存在被动关系。故选A。,4. （2011山西中考）Drivers shouldnt be allowed _ after d
16、rinking, or they will break the law. A. drive B. driving C. to drive 【解析】选C。allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”，其被动语态为sb. be allowed to do sth. “某人被允许做某事”。故选C。,5. （2011重庆中考）We dont know _ it next. Lets go and ask Mr. Li. A. what to do B. to do whatC. whether to do D. to do whether【解析】选C。“特殊疑问词+ to do”在此作
17、know的宾语，再由it可知，句中已有动词do的宾语，故选C。,6. （2011绵阳中考）Our English teacher encourages us _ part in all kinds of after-class activities. A. to take B. takeC. taking D. to taking【解析】选A。encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事。,7. （2011江西中考）How kind you are! You always do what you can _ me. A. help B. helpingC. to help
18、D. helps【解析】选C。动词不定式短语to help作目的状语。,8. (2011济南中考）The woman loves animals and she tries _ these homeless animals. A. to hurt B. to eatC. to help D. to kill【解析】选C。try to do sth. “努力做某事”。句意：这位女士喜欢动物，她努力地去帮助这些失去家园的动物。故选C。,9. （2011眉山中考）Its a little cold today. Would you mind _ the window? Of course not.
19、A. not opening B. not to openC. dont open D. no opening【解析】选A。Would you mind doing sth. ? “你介意做某事吗？”, 其否定形式为Would you mind not doing sth. ?,10. （2011昆明中考）The reporter didnt go to bed until he finished _ the article. A. writing B. write C. to write D. wrote【解析】选A。 finish doing sth. 完成某事。故选A。,一、单项选择1(
20、2011扬州)We can make a fire _the room warm so that we can chat for a while. Ato keep Bkeeping Ckeep Dkept【解析】由句意“我们可以生火让房间暖和起来，以便我们能闲聊一会儿”知此处应为动词不定式作目的状语，故选A。【答案】A,2(2011广东)Try to sing more English songs，and you will find it interesting _a foreign language. Alearning Blearns Clearn Dto learn【解析】本题考查动词
21、不定式的用法。find itadj.to do sth.“发现做某事怎么样”是一种固定句式，故选D。【答案】D,3(2011兰州)We cant work out the physics problem.Can you tell us _？Ahow to do Bwhat to do itChow to do it Dwhat should to do【解析】本题考查“疑问词不定式”的用法。句意为“我们做不出这道物理题，你能告诉我们怎样做吗？”how to do sth.“怎样做某事”，do后的宾语不能省略。故选C。【答案】C,4(2011广州)May I have a rest? I hav
22、e already finished _the report.Awrite BwritingCto write Dwritten【解析】finish后若跟动词，要用v.ing形式，故选B。【答案】B,5(2011广州)I feel a bit hungry now.Why not _for dinner with us?Ago Bdid you goCto go Ddo you go 【解析】本题考查why not的用法。why not与why dont you同义，其后要接动词原形，故选A。【答案】A,6(2011盐城)Plan your time carefully and make su
23、re you have some time _what you like every day.Ado Bto doCdoing Ddone【解析】have time to do sth.“有时间做某事”是固定短语，故选B。【答案】B,7(2011怀化)Dont forget _your homework，John.OK.Ill do right now. Adoing Bdo Cto do【解析】forget to do sth.“忘记要做某事(还没做)”；forget doing sth.“忘记做过某事(已经做了)”。由句意“约翰，别忘了做作业。”知选C。【答案】C,8(2011呼和浩特)A
24、t last the boy was made _and began to laugh.Astop crying Bto stop to cryCto stop crying Dstop to cry【解析】make sb.do sth.“让某人做某事”，后跟省略to的不定式，但使役动词make变为被动式时，后面省略的to要补充出来。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事”。由题意知选C。【答案】C,9(2011临沂)If prices rise too high, the government has to do something _i
25、t. Astop Bstopped Cstopping Dto stop【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法。由句意“如果价格涨得过高，政府必须做一些事情来阻止它。”可知用动词不定式作目的状语。【答案】D,10(2011潍坊)The new treatments _by Norman Bethune helped a number of soldiers.Ainvent BinventsCinventing Dinvented【解析】句意为“由诺曼白求恩发明的新的治疗方法帮助了许多士兵”。由句意可知用过去分词短语invented by Norman Bethune作后置定语修饰名词treatmen
26、ts。故选D。【答案】D,11(2011芜湖)I often have hamburgers for lunch.Youd better not.Its bad for you _too much junk food. Aeat Bto eat Ceating Date【解析】“Itsadj.for sb.to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“对某人来说做某事是的”。句中it作形式主语，后面的不定式短语作真正的主语。【答案】B,12(2011河北)Whenever you have a chance _English，you should take it. Aspeak Bto speak
27、Cspoke Dspeaks【解析】本题考查动词不定式。由句意“无论什么时候你有一个说英语的机会，你应该抓住它。”可知用不定式短语作后置定语。【答案】B,13(2011铜仁)Its a fine day today.How about _？Sounds great!Ago hiking Bgo to hikeCgoing hiking Dto go to hike【解析】How about.？意为“怎么样？”about是介词，后接动词时用动名词形式，故排除A、B、D三项。go hiking“去徒步旅行”。【答案】C,15(2011烟台)When I was walking past the w
28、indow, I noticed Wang Fei _my homework.I really got _.Acopying；annoyed Bcopying；annoyingCcopy；annoyed Dcopied；annoyed【解析】notice后接不带to的动词不定式或动词的ing形式，其意思分别为：注意到某人做了某事(看到该动作的全过程)；注意到某人正在做某事。由题干语境可知第一空应填copying。annoying“使生气的；使恼怒的”，主语多为事物：annoyed“生气的；烦恼的”，主语多为人。由主语I知第二空填annoyed。【答案】A,16(2011上海)As we all
29、 know，its not polite to keep others _for a long time. Await Bwaited Cto wait Dwaiting【解析】keep sb.doing sth.“使某人一直做某事”，动名词作宾补。句意是“我们都知道，让别人一直等很长时间是不礼貌的。”故选D。【答案】D,17(2011上海)You had better _because you have to drive back home.Anot drinking Bnot drinkCdont drink Dnot to drink【解析】had better do sth.“最好做某
30、事”，用于给对方提建议，do为不带to的不定式作宾补；had better的否定形式一般将not加在better之后，即had better not do sth.。【答案】B,18(2011成都)While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped _and lay on the ground，so we all stopped _what was wrong with him.Ato run；to see Brunning；seeingCrunning；to see【解析】stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事
31、”；stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”。句意为“我们在操场上跑步时，杰克突然停下躺在地上，因此我们都停下来看他怎么了。”故选C。【答案】C,19(2011黄冈)_a volunteer is great.I think so.Some of us want _volunteers for the London Olympics.ABeing；being BTo be；beingCBeing；to be DTo be；to be【解析】第一个空为动名词作主语；第二个空want to do/be为固定结构，不定式作宾语。句意为“做志愿者很棒。”“我也这样认为，我们中的一些人想做伦
32、敦奥运会的志愿者。”【答案】C,20(2011贵阳)Many students said that they were willing to work hard to make their dreams _true. Acome Bcame Ccomes【解析】make sb.do sth.意为“使某人做某事”。句意为“许多学生说他们愿意努力工作，使他们的梦想能够实现。”【答案】A,21(2010中考变式题)Danny did all kinds of things to make his sister _. Ato stop crying Bstop crying Cto stop to c
33、ry Dstop to cry【解析】make后面跟不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事”，由句意知选B。【答案】B,22(2010中考变式题)We have two rooms _， but I cant decide _. Ato live; to choose which one Blived; choose which one Cto live in; which one to choose Dlive; which one【解析】根据句意“我们有两间屋子去居住，但是我不知道选择哪一间。”第一个
34、句子中live in的in不能省略。“选择哪一间”用“which one to choose”。故选C。【答案】C,23(2010中考变式题)We dont have much homework this weekend.Shall we go out together? OK.What about _ a movie? Ato see Bseeing Csee Dsees【解析】what about后跟动词的ing形式，因此答案为B。【答案】B,24(2010中考变式题)Why not _ an English club to practice _ English? Ato join; to
35、 speak Bjoin; speaking Cjoin; to speak Dto join; speaking【解析】why not 动词原形；practice后跟动名词，故答案应选B。【答案】B,25(2010中考变式题)How about going shopping this weekend, Peter? Sorry.I prefer _ rather than _. Ato stay at home; go out Bto go out; stay at home Cstaying at home; go out Dgoing out; stay at home【解析】prefe
36、r to do rather than do意为“宁愿而不愿”。句意为“宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去。”故选A。【答案】A,二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1(2011烟台)Tim was seen_(get) out of the subway at the station on Centre Street.【解析】see sb.do sth.“看见某人做某事”，do为不带to的不定式作宾补，但变为被动语态时不定式符号to需补上。【答案】to get2(2011南京)Look! The teenagers are making cards _(show)love for their mother
37、s.【解析】此题考查不定式短语作目的状语。【答案】to show,5(2010中考变式题)How long does it take you _(drive)to school every day?About half an hour.【解析】it takes sb. some time to do sth.是固定句型，意思是“花费某人多长时间干某事”。【答案】to drive6(2010中考变式题)Last weekend, the Greens had great fun _(swim)at Water World.【解析】have fun doing是固定词组，意思是“干某事很高兴”。【
38、答案】swimming,7(2012中考预测题)I think it is time for the boys _(get) on the bus.【解析】it is time for sb. to do sth. 是固定句型，意思是“该某人干某事了”。【答案】to get8(2012中考预测题)I am going to the party _(hold) at Smiths home this evening if I am free.【解析】“将要被举行”用to be held。【答案】to be held,9. （2012安顺中考）Mr. Scott made a living by
39、_ (sell) old things. 10. （2011遵义中考）Trust him! He has no difficulty _ (work) out the problem.,selling,working,11. （2011滨州中考）David preferred _ (sell) newspapers to doing housework when he was young. 12. （2011兰州中考）The student _（name）Wang Lin is my example in English learning. 13. （2011梧州中考）Davy enjoys _ (play) tennis and baseball.,selling,named,playing,
